Remove six.moves

Replace the following items with Python 3 style code.

- six.moves.configparser
- six.moves.StringIO
- six.moves.cStringIO
- six.moves.urllib
- six.moves.builtins
- six.moves.range
- six.moves.xmlrpc_client
- six.moves.http_client
- six.moves.http_cookies
- six.moves.queue
- six.moves.zip
- six.moves.reload_module
- six.StringIO
- six.BytesIO

Subsequent patches will replace other six usages.

Change-Id: Ib2c406327fef2fb4868d8050fc476a7d17706e23
Implements: blueprint six-removal
Signed-off-by: Takashi Natsume <takanattie@gmail.com>

47 files changed, 93 insertions, 124 deletions

diff --git a/nova/tests/functional/api/client.py b/nova/tests/functional/api/client.py
index e8adc8fde2..21028d5601 100644
--- a/nova/tests/functional/api/client.py
+++ b/nova/tests/functional/api/client.py
@@ -12,10 +12,11 @@
 #    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 #    under the License.
 
+from urllib import parse
+
 from oslo_log import log as logging
 from oslo_serialization import jsonutils
 import requests
-from six.moves.urllib import parse
 
 
 LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
diff --git a/nova/tests/functional/api_sample_tests/test_instance_usage_audit_log.py b/nova/tests/functional/api_sample_tests/test_instance_usage_audit_log.py
index ba22ecdb92..03b1e9231d 100644
--- a/nova/tests/functional/api_sample_tests/test_instance_usage_audit_log.py
+++ b/nova/tests/functional/api_sample_tests/test_instance_usage_audit_log.py
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
 #    under the License.
 
 from datetime import datetime
-
-from six.moves import urllib
+import urllib
 
 from nova import context
 from nova import objects
diff --git a/nova/tests/functional/api_sample_tests/test_simple_tenant_usage.py b/nova/tests/functional/api_sample_tests/test_simple_tenant_usage.py
index ca718294eb..5ee3ba7163 100644
--- a/nova/tests/functional/api_sample_tests/test_simple_tenant_usage.py
+++ b/nova/tests/functional/api_sample_tests/test_simple_tenant_usage.py
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
 #    under the License.
 
 import datetime
+from urllib import parse
 
 import mock
 from oslo_utils import timeutils
-from six.moves.urllib import parse
 
 from nova.tests.functional.api_sample_tests import test_servers
 import nova.tests.functional.api_samples_test_base as astb
diff --git a/nova/tests/functional/test_nova_manage.py b/nova/tests/functional/test_nova_manage.py
index 8c81ac1cf3..fd89438fc4 100644
--- a/nova/tests/functional/test_nova_manage.py
+++ b/nova/tests/functional/test_nova_manage.py
@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@
 #    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 #    under the License.
 import collections
+from io import StringIO
 import mock
 
 import fixtures
 from neutronclient.common import exceptions as neutron_client_exc
 import os_resource_classes as orc
 from oslo_utils.fixture import uuidsentinel
-from six.moves import StringIO
 
 from nova.cmd import manage
 from nova import config
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_flavors.py b/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_flavors.py
index 0aa9facc1d..d43387dd37 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_flavors.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_flavors.py
@@ -13,8 +13,9 @@
 #    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 #    under the License.
 
+from urllib import parse as urlparse
+
 import mock
-import six.moves.urllib.parse as urlparse
 import webob
 
 from nova.api.openstack import common
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_images.py b/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_images.py
index e690fc3d95..fad4fcb5a2 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_images.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_images.py
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ and as a WSGI layer
 """
 
 import copy
+from urllib import parse as urlparse
 
 import mock
-import six.moves.urllib.parse as urlparse
 import webob
 
 from nova.api.openstack.compute import images as images_v21
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_limits.py b/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_limits.py
index 6d6364b428..31033e111d 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_limits.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_limits.py
@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@
 Tests dealing with HTTP rate-limiting.
 """
 
+from http import client as httplib
+from io import StringIO
+
 import mock
 from oslo_serialization import jsonutils
 from oslo_utils import encodeutils
-from six.moves import http_client as httplib
-from six.moves import StringIO
 
 from nova.api.openstack.compute import limits as limits_v21
 from nova.api.openstack.compute import views
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_servers.py b/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_servers.py
index a13ad15153..6486110d3d 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_servers.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_servers.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import copy
 import datetime
 import ddt
 import functools
+from urllib import parse as urlparse
 
 import fixtures
 import iso8601
@@ -32,8 +33,6 @@ from oslo_utils.fixture import uuidsentinel as uuids
 from oslo_utils import timeutils
 from oslo_utils import uuidutils
 import six
-from six.moves import range
-import six.moves.urllib.parse as urlparse
 import testtools
 import webob
 
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_simple_tenant_usage.py b/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_simple_tenant_usage.py
index 3fbe65742f..111bd68077 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_simple_tenant_usage.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_simple_tenant_usage.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import mock
 from oslo_policy import policy as oslo_policy
 from oslo_utils.fixture import uuidsentinel as uuids
 from oslo_utils import timeutils
-from six.moves import range
 import webob
 
 from nova.api.openstack.compute import simple_tenant_usage as \
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_volumes.py b/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_volumes.py
index 28c7b36738..75f90bee3b 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_volumes.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/compute/test_volumes.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #    under the License.
 
 import datetime
+import urllib
 
 import fixtures
 import mock
@@ -22,7 +23,6 @@ from oslo_serialization import jsonutils
 from oslo_utils import encodeutils
 from oslo_utils.fixture import uuidsentinel as uuids
 import six
-from six.moves import urllib
 import webob
 from webob import exc
 
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/fakes.py b/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/fakes.py
index 5d798cfbe0..33e762954a 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/fakes.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/api/openstack/fakes.py
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from oslo_utils import timeutils
 from oslo_utils import uuidutils
 import routes
 import six
-from six.moves import range
 import webob.dec
 
 from nova.api import auth as api_auth
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_baseproxy.py b/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_baseproxy.py
index 01e87c5322..34f911cd83 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_baseproxy.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_baseproxy.py
@@ -12,11 +12,12 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from io import StringIO
+
 import fixtures
 import mock
 from oslo_log import log as logging
 from oslo_reports import guru_meditation_report as gmr
-from six.moves import StringIO
 
 from nova.cmd import baseproxy
 from nova import config
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_common.py b/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_common.py
index fbf9dc18c2..e5df911ede 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_common.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_common.py
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@
     Unit tests for the common functions used by different CLI interfaces.
 """
 
+from io import StringIO
 import sys
 
 import fixtures
 import mock
-from six.moves import StringIO
 
 from nova.cmd import common as cmd_common
 from nova.db import api
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_manage.py b/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_manage.py
index 5718e024e2..76fcf70f9f 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_manage.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_manage.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #    under the License.
 
 import datetime
+from io import StringIO
 import sys
 import warnings
 
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@ from oslo_db import exception as db_exc
 from oslo_serialization import jsonutils
 from oslo_utils.fixture import uuidsentinel
 from oslo_utils import uuidutils
-from six.moves import StringIO
 
 from nova.cmd import manage
 from nova import conf
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_policy.py b/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_policy.py
index 81c19624e5..a84aef362d 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_policy.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_policy.py
@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@
     Unit tests for the nova-policy-check CLI interfaces.
 """
 
+from io import StringIO
+
 import fixtures
 import mock
-from six.moves import StringIO
 
 from nova.cmd import policy
 import nova.conf
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_status.py b/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_status.py
index 6922a2a6e0..0025efd948 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_status.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/cmd/test_status.py
@@ -20,11 +20,12 @@ Unit tests for the nova-status CLI interfaces.
 # nova/tests/functional/test_nova_status.py. Those tests use the external
 # PlacementFixture, which is only available in functioanl tests.
 
-import fixtures
-import mock
+from io import StringIO
 import os
-from six.moves import StringIO
 import tempfile
+
+import fixtures
+import mock
 import yaml
 
 from keystoneauth1 import exceptions as ks_exc
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/console/test_serial.py b/nova/tests/unit/console/test_serial.py
index 7aeb0703e7..bc87ca6ca2 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/console/test_serial.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/console/test_serial.py
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 import socket
 
 import mock
-import six.moves
 
 from nova.console import serial
 from nova import exception
@@ -74,10 +73,10 @@ class SerialTestCase(test.NoDBTestCase):
             port_range='%d:%d' % (start, stop),
             group='serial_console')
 
-        for port in six.moves.range(start, stop):
+        for port in range(start, stop):
             self.assertEqual(port, serial.acquire_port('127.0.0.1'))
 
-        for port in six.moves.range(start, stop):
+        for port in range(start, stop):
             self.assertEqual(port, serial.acquire_port('127.0.0.2'))
 
         self.assertEqual(10, len(serial.ALLOCATED_PORTS))
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/db/test_db_api.py b/nova/tests/unit/db/test_db_api.py
index a9943f1c37..f455f7a10f 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/db/test_db_api.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/db/test_db_api.py
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ from oslo_utils.fixture import uuidsentinel
 from oslo_utils import timeutils
 from oslo_utils import uuidutils
 import six
-from six.moves import range
 from sqlalchemy import Column
 from sqlalchemy.dialects import sqlite
 from sqlalchemy.exc import OperationalError
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/fake_ldap.py b/nova/tests/unit/fake_ldap.py
index aeada819c7..6e4fc2dde5 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/fake_ldap.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/fake_ldap.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ library to work with nova.
 import fnmatch
 
 from oslo_serialization import jsonutils
-from six.moves import range
 
 
 class Store(object):
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/image/test_glance.py b/nova/tests/unit/image/test_glance.py
index 170b2282f3..89920759dc 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/image/test_glance.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/image/test_glance.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 import copy
 import datetime
+from io import StringIO
 import urllib.parse as urlparse
 
 import cryptography
@@ -27,8 +28,6 @@ from glanceclient.v2 import schemas
 from keystoneauth1 import loading as ks_loading
 import mock
 from oslo_utils.fixture import uuidsentinel as uuids
-import six
-from six.moves import StringIO
 import testtools
 
 import nova.conf
@@ -556,7 +555,7 @@ class TestDownloadNoDirectUri(test.NoDBTestCase):
     default of not allowing direct URI transfers is set.
     """
 
-    @mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open')
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.GlanceImageServiceV2.show')
     def test_download_no_data_no_dest_path_v2(self, show_mock, open_mock):
         client = mock.MagicMock()
@@ -572,7 +571,7 @@ class TestDownloadNoDirectUri(test.NoDBTestCase):
             ctx, 2, 'data', args=(mock.sentinel.image_id,))
         self.assertEqual(mock.sentinel.image_chunks, res)
 
-    @mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open')
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.GlanceImageServiceV2.show')
     def test_download_data_no_dest_path_v2(self, show_mock, open_mock):
         client = mock.MagicMock()
@@ -596,7 +595,7 @@ class TestDownloadNoDirectUri(test.NoDBTestCase):
         )
         self.assertFalse(data.close.called)
 
-    @mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open')
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.GlanceImageServiceV2.show')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.GlanceImageServiceV2._safe_fsync')
     def test_download_no_data_dest_path_v2(self, fsync_mock, show_mock,
@@ -625,7 +624,7 @@ class TestDownloadNoDirectUri(test.NoDBTestCase):
         )
         writer.close.assert_called_once_with()
 
-    @mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open')
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.GlanceImageServiceV2.show')
     def test_download_data_dest_path_v2(self, show_mock, open_mock):
         # NOTE(jaypipes): This really shouldn't be allowed, but because of the
@@ -654,7 +653,7 @@ class TestDownloadNoDirectUri(test.NoDBTestCase):
         )
         self.assertFalse(data.close.called)
 
-    @mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open')
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.GlanceImageServiceV2.show')
     def test_download_data_dest_path_write_fails_v2(
             self, show_mock, open_mock):
@@ -675,7 +674,7 @@ class TestDownloadNoDirectUri(test.NoDBTestCase):
         self.assertRaises(FakeDiskException, service.download, ctx,
                           mock.sentinel.image_id, data=Exceptionator())
 
-    @mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open')
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.GlanceImageServiceV2.show')
     def test_download_no_returned_image_data_v2(
             self, show_mock, open_mock):
@@ -691,7 +690,7 @@ class TestDownloadNoDirectUri(test.NoDBTestCase):
     # TODO(stephenfin): Drop this test since it's not possible to run in
     # production
     @mock.patch('os.path.getsize', return_value=1)
-    @mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open')
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.GlanceImageServiceV2._get_transfer_method')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.GlanceImageServiceV2.show')
     def test_download_direct_file_uri_v2(
@@ -727,7 +726,7 @@ class TestDownloadNoDirectUri(test.NoDBTestCase):
 
     @mock.patch('glanceclient.common.utils.IterableWithLength')
     @mock.patch('os.path.getsize', return_value=1)
-    @mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open')
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.LOG')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.GlanceImageServiceV2._get_verifier')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.GlanceImageServiceV2._get_transfer_method')
@@ -820,7 +819,7 @@ class TestDownloadNoDirectUri(test.NoDBTestCase):
         ctx = mock.sentinel.ctx
         writer = mock.MagicMock()
 
-        with mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open') as open_mock:
+        with mock.patch('builtins.open') as open_mock:
             open_mock.return_value = writer
             service = glance.GlanceImageServiceV2(client)
             res = service.download(ctx, mock.sentinel.image_id,
@@ -873,7 +872,7 @@ class TestDownloadNoDirectUri(test.NoDBTestCase):
         ctx = mock.sentinel.ctx
         writer = mock.MagicMock()
 
-        with mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open') as open_mock:
+        with mock.patch('builtins.open') as open_mock:
             open_mock.return_value = writer
             service = glance.GlanceImageServiceV2(client)
             res = service.download(ctx, mock.sentinel.image_id,
@@ -966,7 +965,7 @@ class TestDownloadSignatureVerification(test.NoDBTestCase):
         msg = ('Image signature verification succeeded for image %s')
         mock_log.info.assert_called_once_with(msg, image_id)
 
-    @mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open')
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.LOG')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.GlanceImageServiceV2.show')
     @mock.patch('cursive.signature_utils.get_verifier')
@@ -1051,7 +1050,7 @@ class TestDownloadSignatureVerification(test.NoDBTestCase):
                                context=None, image_id=None,
                                data=None, dst_path=None)
 
-    @mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open')
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open')
     @mock.patch('cursive.signature_utils.get_verifier')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.LOG')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.GlanceImageServiceV2.show')
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/matchers.py b/nova/tests/unit/matchers.py
index 142a18cf64..17f9a11cda 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/matchers.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/matchers.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 """Matcher classes to be used inside of the testtools assertThat framework."""
 
 import copy
+import io
 import pprint
 
 from lxml import etree
@@ -411,7 +412,7 @@ class XMLMatches(object):
         if isinstance(text_or_bytes, six.text_type):
             text_or_bytes = text_or_bytes.encode("utf-8")
         parser = etree.XMLParser(encoding="UTF-8")
-        return etree.parse(six.BytesIO(text_or_bytes), parser)
+        return etree.parse(io.BytesIO(text_or_bytes), parser)
 
     def __init__(self, expected, allow_mixed_nodes=False,
                  skip_empty_text_nodes=True, skip_values=('DONTCARE',)):
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/network/test_neutron.py b/nova/tests/unit/network/test_neutron.py
index e23203c04a..373e520154 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/network/test_neutron.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/network/test_neutron.py
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ from oslo_utils import timeutils
 from oslo_utils import uuidutils
 import requests_mock
 import six
-from six.moves import range
 
 from nova import context
 from nova.db.sqlalchemy import api as db_api
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/network/test_security_group.py b/nova/tests/unit/network/test_security_group.py
index c2b6c6e6f9..6b852955c1 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/network/test_security_group.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/network/test_security_group.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from neutronclient.common import exceptions as n_exc
 from neutronclient.neutron import v2_0 as neutronv20
 from neutronclient.v2_0 import client
 from oslo_utils.fixture import uuidsentinel as uuids
-from six.moves import range
 
 from nova import context
 from nova import exception
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/objects/test_console_auth_token.py b/nova/tests/unit/objects/test_console_auth_token.py
index 721e101183..edcb9a9d09 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/objects/test_console_auth_token.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/objects/test_console_auth_token.py
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
 
 import copy
 import mock
+import urllib.parse as urlparse
 
 from oslo_db.exception import DBDuplicateEntry
 from oslo_utils.fixture import uuidsentinel
 from oslo_utils import timeutils
-import six.moves.urllib.parse as urlparse
 
 from nova import exception
 from nova.objects import console_auth_token as token_obj
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/pci/test_utils.py b/nova/tests/unit/pci/test_utils.py
index 51ebdbfe0c..500a36d138 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/pci/test_utils.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/pci/test_utils.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import os
 
 import fixtures
 import mock
-from six.moves import builtins
 
 from nova import exception
 from nova.pci import utils
@@ -95,8 +94,7 @@ class GetFunctionByIfnameTestCase(test.NoDBTestCase):
     @mock.patch.object(os, 'readlink')
     def test_virtual_function(self, mock_readlink, *args):
         mock_readlink.return_value = '../../../0000.00.00.1'
-        with mock.patch.object(
-            builtins, 'open', side_effect=IOError()):
+        with mock.patch('builtins.open', side_effect=IOError()):
             address, physical_function = utils.get_function_by_ifname('eth0')
             self.assertEqual(address, '0000.00.00.1')
             self.assertFalse(physical_function)
@@ -129,14 +127,12 @@ class IsPhysicalFunctionTestCase(test.NoDBTestCase):
 
     @mock.patch('os.path.isdir', return_value=True)
     def test_virtual_function(self, *args):
-        with mock.patch.object(
-            builtins, 'open', side_effect=IOError()):
+        with mock.patch('builtins.open', side_effect=IOError()):
             self.assertFalse(utils.is_physical_function(*self.pci_args))
 
     @mock.patch('os.path.isdir', return_value=True)
     def test_physical_function(self, *args):
-        with mock.patch.object(
-            builtins, 'open', mock.mock_open(read_data='4')):
+        with mock.patch('builtins.open', mock.mock_open(read_data='4')):
             self.assertTrue(utils.is_physical_function(*self.pci_args))
 
     @mock.patch('os.path.isdir', return_value=False)
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/privsep/test_idmapshift.py b/nova/tests/unit/privsep/test_idmapshift.py
index 169bdd93e6..2b5acbe33c 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/privsep/test_idmapshift.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/privsep/test_idmapshift.py
@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from io import StringIO
+
 import fixtures
 import mock
-from six.moves import StringIO
 
 import nova.privsep.idmapshift
 from nova import test
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/privsep/test_libvirt.py b/nova/tests/unit/privsep/test_libvirt.py
index cd6cc17842..582f463251 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/privsep/test_libvirt.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/privsep/test_libvirt.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import binascii
 import ddt
 import mock
 import os
-import six
 
 import nova.privsep.libvirt
 from nova import test
@@ -134,10 +133,8 @@ class LibvirtTestCase(test.NoDBTestCase):
             return orig_import(module, *args)
 
         with test.nested(
-                mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open',
-                                  new=mock.mock_open()),
-                mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, '__import__',
-                                  side_effect=fake_import),
+                mock.patch('builtins.open', new=mock.mock_open()),
+                mock.patch('builtins.__import__', side_effect=fake_import),
                 ) as (mock_open, mock_import):
             nova.privsep.libvirt.readpty('/fake/path')
 
@@ -158,8 +155,7 @@ class LibvirtTestCase(test.NoDBTestCase):
 
     def test_create_nmdev(self):
         mock_open = mock.mock_open()
-        with mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open',
-                               new=mock_open) as mock_open:
+        with mock.patch('builtins.open', new=mock_open) as mock_open:
             nova.privsep.libvirt.create_mdev('phys', 'mdevtype',
                                              uuid='fakeuuid')
 
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/privsep/test_path.py b/nova/tests/unit/privsep/test_path.py
index faf2933de5..025a1bedc7 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/privsep/test_path.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/privsep/test_path.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 import mock
 import os
-import six
 import tempfile
 
 from nova import exception
@@ -35,8 +34,7 @@ class FileTestCase(test.NoDBTestCase):
     @mock.patch('os.path.exists', return_value=True)
     def test_readfile(self, mock_exists):
         mock_open = mock.mock_open(read_data='hello world')
-        with mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open',
-                               new=mock_open):
+        with mock.patch('builtins.open', new=mock_open):
             self.assertEqual('hello world',
                              nova.privsep.path.readfile('/fake/path'))
 
@@ -49,8 +47,7 @@ class FileTestCase(test.NoDBTestCase):
     @mock.patch('os.path.exists', return_value=True)
     def test_write(self, mock_exists):
         mock_open = mock.mock_open()
-        with mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open',
-                               new=mock_open):
+        with mock.patch('builtins.open', new=mock_open):
             nova.privsep.path.writefile('/fake/path/file', 'w', 'foo')
 
         handle = mock_open()
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/scheduler/client/test_report.py b/nova/tests/unit/scheduler/client/test_report.py
index c52bd754dd..7e9db2cd39 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/scheduler/client/test_report.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/scheduler/client/test_report.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #    under the License.
 import copy
 import time
+from urllib import parse
 
 import fixtures
 from keystoneauth1 import exceptions as ks_exc
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ import os_resource_classes as orc
 from oslo_serialization import jsonutils
 from oslo_utils.fixture import uuidsentinel as uuids
 import six
-from six.moves.urllib import parse
 
 import nova.conf
 from nova import context
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/scheduler/test_filters.py b/nova/tests/unit/scheduler/test_filters.py
index 75f2482a81..cb1c3ec32b 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/scheduler/test_filters.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/scheduler/test_filters.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import inspect
 
 import mock
 from oslo_utils.fixture import uuidsentinel as uuids
-from six.moves import range
 
 from nova import filters
 from nova import loadables
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/test_crypto.py b/nova/tests/unit/test_crypto.py
index 5228f5ec56..30152b2b01 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/test_crypto.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/test_crypto.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 Tests for Crypto module.
 """
 
+import io
 import os
 
 from castellan.common import exception as castellan_exception
@@ -25,7 +26,6 @@ import mock
 from oslo_concurrency import processutils
 from oslo_utils.fixture import uuidsentinel as uuids
 import paramiko
-import six
 
 from nova import context as nova_context
 from nova import crypto
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class KeyPairTest(test.NoDBTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(bits, pkey.key_size)
 
     def test_generate_key_pair_mocked_private_key(self):
-        keyin = six.StringIO()
+        keyin = io.StringIO()
         keyin.write(self.rsa_prv)
         keyin.seek(0)
         key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key(keyin)
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/test_json_ref.py b/nova/tests/unit/test_json_ref.py
index e68529c12a..5a139055f5 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/test_json_ref.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/test_json_ref.py
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class TestJsonRef(test.NoDBTestCase):
         d = copy.deepcopy(input)
 
     @mock.patch('oslo_serialization.jsonutils.load')
-    @mock.patch('six.moves.builtins.open', new_callable=mock.mock_open())
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open', new_callable=mock.mock_open())
     def test_resolve_ref(self, mock_open, mock_json_load):
         mock_json_load.return_value = {'baz': 13}
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class TestJsonRef(test.NoDBTestCase):
         mock_open.assert_called_once_with('some/base/path/another.json', 'r+b')
 
     @mock.patch('oslo_serialization.jsonutils.load')
-    @mock.patch('six.moves.builtins.open', new_callable=mock.mock_open())
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open', new_callable=mock.mock_open())
     def test_resolve_ref_recursively(self, mock_open, mock_json_load):
         mock_json_load.side_effect = [
             # this is the content of direct_ref.json
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class TestJsonRef(test.NoDBTestCase):
                                   'r+b')
 
     @mock.patch('oslo_serialization.jsonutils.load')
-    @mock.patch('six.moves.builtins.open', new_callable=mock.mock_open())
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open', new_callable=mock.mock_open())
     def test_resolve_ref_with_override(self, mock_open, mock_json_load):
         mock_json_load.return_value = {'baz': 13,
                                        'boo': 42}
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class TestJsonRef(test.NoDBTestCase):
         mock_open.assert_called_once_with('some/base/path/another.json', 'r+b')
 
     @mock.patch('oslo_serialization.jsonutils.load')
-    @mock.patch('six.moves.builtins.open', new_callable=mock.mock_open())
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open', new_callable=mock.mock_open())
     def test_resolve_ref_with_nested_override(self, mock_open, mock_json_load):
         mock_json_load.return_value = {'baz': 13,
                                        'boo': {'a': 1,
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class TestJsonRef(test.NoDBTestCase):
         mock_open.assert_called_once_with('some/base/path/another.json', 'r+b')
 
     @mock.patch('oslo_serialization.jsonutils.load')
-    @mock.patch('six.moves.builtins.open', new_callable=mock.mock_open())
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open', new_callable=mock.mock_open())
     def test_resolve_ref_with_override_having_refs(self, mock_open,
                                                    mock_json_load):
         mock_json_load.side_effect = [
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/test_profiler.py b/nova/tests/unit/test_profiler.py
index 3d79d9ad70..3685c81b4f 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/test_profiler.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/test_profiler.py
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@
 #    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 #    under the License.
 
+import importlib
 import inspect
 import os
 
 from oslo_utils import importutils
 import osprofiler.opts as profiler
-import six.moves as six
 
 from nova import conf
 from nova import test
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class TestProfiler(test.NoDBTestCase):
         # reinitialize the metaclass after enabling osprofiler
         profiler.set_defaults(conf.CONF)
         self.flags(enabled=True, group='profiler')
-        six.reload_module(importutils.import_module('nova.manager'))
+        importlib.reload(importutils.import_module('nova.manager'))
 
         classes = [
             'nova.compute.api.API',
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class TestProfiler(test.NoDBTestCase):
         for clsname in classes:
             # give the metaclass and trace_cls() decorator a chance to patch
             # methods of the classes above
-            six.reload_module(
+            importlib.reload(
                 importutils.import_module(clsname.rsplit('.', 1)[0]))
             cls = importutils.import_class(clsname)
 
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/test_quota.py b/nova/tests/unit/test_quota.py
index 238d5e97bd..7555aeab41 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/test_quota.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/test_quota.py
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 import ddt
 import mock
 from oslo_db.sqlalchemy import enginefacade
-from six.moves import range
 
 from nova.compute import api as compute
 import nova.conf
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/test_test_utils.py b/nova/tests/unit/test_test_utils.py
index 7ca411e52b..2511fbc9a0 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/test_test_utils.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/test_test_utils.py
@@ -60,6 +60,5 @@ class TestUtilsTestCase(test.TestCase):
                 self.assertTrue(test_utils.is_ipv6_supported())
 
             with fixtures.MonkeyPatch('sys.platform', 'linux2'):
-                with fixtures.MonkeyPatch('six.moves.builtins.open',
-                                          fake_open):
+                with fixtures.MonkeyPatch('builtins.open', fake_open):
                     self.assertFalse(test_utils.is_ipv6_supported())
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/test_utils.py b/nova/tests/unit/test_utils.py
index e9930fcb7a..ae75b01e54 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/test_utils.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/test_utils.py
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ class TestCachedFile(test.NoDBTestCase):
 
         fake_contents = "lorem ipsum"
 
-        with mock.patch('six.moves.builtins.open',
+        with mock.patch('builtins.open',
                         mock.mock_open(read_data=fake_contents)):
             fresh, data = utils.read_cached_file("/this/is/a/fake")
 
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/utils.py b/nova/tests/unit/utils.py
index 610d03d00d..32cd9325a8 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/utils.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/utils.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import socket
 import sys
 
 import mock
-from six.moves import range
 
 from nova.compute import flavors
 import nova.conf
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/virt/hyperv/test_base.py b/nova/tests/unit/virt/hyperv/test_base.py
index b7557764a4..e895fc600e 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/virt/hyperv/test_base.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/virt/hyperv/test_base.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 import mock
 from os_win import utilsfactory
-from six.moves import builtins
 
 from nova import test
 
@@ -26,8 +25,8 @@ class HyperVBaseTestCase(test.NoDBTestCase):
         super(HyperVBaseTestCase, self).setUp()
 
         self._mock_wmi = mock.MagicMock()
-        wmi_patcher = mock.patch.object(builtins, 'wmi', create=True,
-                                        new=self._mock_wmi)
+        wmi_patcher = mock.patch('builtins.wmi', create=True,
+                                 new=self._mock_wmi)
         platform_patcher = mock.patch('sys.platform', 'win32')
         utilsfactory_patcher = mock.patch.object(utilsfactory, '_get_class')
 
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/virt/hyperv/test_pathutils.py b/nova/tests/unit/virt/hyperv/test_pathutils.py
index 4bf3110d50..573fe557a5 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/virt/hyperv/test_pathutils.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/virt/hyperv/test_pathutils.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import os
 import time
 
 import mock
-from six.moves import builtins
 
 from nova import exception
 from nova.tests.unit.virt.hyperv import test_base
@@ -121,8 +120,8 @@ class PathUtilsTestCase(test_base.HyperVBaseTestCase):
         fake_windows_error = WindowsError
         self._pathutils.check_create_dir = mock.MagicMock(
             side_effect=WindowsError(pathutils.ERROR_INVALID_NAME))
-        with mock.patch.object(builtins, 'WindowsError',
-                               fake_windows_error, create=True):
+        with mock.patch('builtins.WindowsError',
+                        fake_windows_error, create=True):
             self.assertRaises(exception.AdminRequired,
                               self._pathutils._get_instances_sub_dir,
                               fake_dir_name)
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/virt/hyperv/test_serialconsoleops.py b/nova/tests/unit/virt/hyperv/test_serialconsoleops.py
index 0724cfef75..1e8a9c7557 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/virt/hyperv/test_serialconsoleops.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/virt/hyperv/test_serialconsoleops.py
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 #    under the License.
 
 import mock
-from six.moves import builtins
 
 from nova import exception
 from nova.tests.unit.virt.hyperv import test_base
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ class SerialConsoleOpsTestCase(test_base.HyperVBaseTestCase):
                           self._serialops.get_serial_console,
                           mock.sentinel.instance_name)
 
-    @mock.patch.object(builtins, 'open')
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open')
     @mock.patch("os.path.exists")
     def test_get_console_output_exception(self, fake_path_exists, fake_open):
         self._serialops._pathutils.get_vm_console_log_paths.return_value = [
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/virt/libvirt/test_driver.py b/nova/tests/unit/virt/libvirt/test_driver.py
index cd0ee398c7..903ae889c8 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/virt/libvirt/test_driver.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/virt/libvirt/test_driver.py
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ from oslo_utils import units
 from oslo_utils import uuidutils
 from oslo_utils import versionutils
 import six
-from six.moves import range
 
 from nova.api.metadata import base as instance_metadata
 from nova.compute import manager
@@ -15739,8 +15738,7 @@ class LibvirtConnTestCase(test.NoDBTestCase,
                     with test.nested(
                             mock.patch('os.path.exists',
                                        side_effect=mock_path_exists),
-                            mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open',
-                                              fake_open)):
+                            mock.patch('builtins.open', fake_open)):
                         log_data = drvr.get_console_output(self.context,
                                                            instance)
                 finally:
@@ -20764,7 +20762,7 @@ class TestGuestConfigSysinfoSerialOS(test.NoDBTestCase):
         self.flags(sysinfo_serial="os", group="libvirt")
         theuuid = "56b40135-a973-4eb3-87bb-a2382a3e6dbc"
         with test.nested(
-                mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, "open",
+                mock.patch('builtins.open',
                     mock.mock_open(read_data=theuuid)),
                 self.patch_exists("/etc/machine-id", True)):
             self._test_get_guest_config_sysinfo_serial(theuuid)
@@ -20772,8 +20770,7 @@ class TestGuestConfigSysinfoSerialOS(test.NoDBTestCase):
     def test_get_guest_config_sysinfo_serial_os_empty_machine_id(self):
         self.flags(sysinfo_serial="os", group="libvirt")
         with test.nested(
-                mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, "open",
-                                  mock.mock_open(read_data="")),
+                mock.patch('builtins.open', mock.mock_open(read_data="")),
                 self.patch_exists("/etc/machine-id", True)):
             self.assertRaises(exception.NovaException,
                     self._test_get_guest_config_sysinfo_serial,
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/virt/libvirt/test_host.py b/nova/tests/unit/virt/libvirt/test_host.py
index 358ae6f6a6..344c100129 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/virt/libvirt/test_host.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/virt/libvirt/test_host.py
@@ -23,10 +23,8 @@ import mock
 from oslo_utils.fixture import uuidsentinel as uuids
 from oslo_utils import uuidutils
 import six
-from six.moves import builtins
 import testtools
 
-
 from nova.compute import vm_states
 from nova import exception
 from nova import objects
@@ -959,7 +957,7 @@ SwapCached:            0 kB
 Active:          8381604 kB
 """)
         with test.nested(
-            mock.patch.object(builtins, "open", m, create=True),
+            mock.patch('builtins.open', m, create=True),
             mock.patch.object(host.Host, "get_connection"),
         ) as (mock_file, mock_conn):
             mock_conn().getInfo.return_value = [
@@ -996,7 +994,7 @@ Active:          8381604 kB
 """)
 
         with test.nested(
-                mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, "open", m, create=True),
+                mock.patch('builtins.open', m, create=True),
                 mock.patch.object(host.Host,
                                   "list_guests"),
                 mock.patch.object(libvirt_driver.LibvirtDriver,
@@ -1232,8 +1230,7 @@ Active:          8381604 kB
             read_data="""cg /cgroup/cpu,cpuacct cg opt1,cpu,opt3 0 0
 cg /cgroup/memory cg opt1,opt2 0 0
 """)
-        with mock.patch(
-                "six.moves.builtins.open", m, create=True):
+        with mock.patch('builtins.open', m, create=True):
             self.assertTrue(self.host.is_cpu_control_policy_capable())
 
     def test_is_cpu_control_policy_capable_ko(self):
@@ -1241,11 +1238,10 @@ cg /cgroup/memory cg opt1,opt2 0 0
             read_data="""cg /cgroup/cpu,cpuacct cg opt1,opt2,opt3 0 0
 cg /cgroup/memory cg opt1,opt2 0 0
 """)
-        with mock.patch(
-                "six.moves.builtins.open", m, create=True):
+        with mock.patch('builtins.open', m, create=True):
             self.assertFalse(self.host.is_cpu_control_policy_capable())
 
-    @mock.patch('six.moves.builtins.open', side_effect=IOError)
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open', side_effect=IOError)
     def test_is_cpu_control_policy_capable_ioerror(self, mock_open):
         self.assertFalse(self.host.is_cpu_control_policy_capable())
 
@@ -1321,26 +1317,26 @@ class TestLibvirtSEVUnsupported(TestLibvirtSEV):
             '/sys/module/kvm_amd/parameters/sev')
 
     @mock.patch.object(os.path, 'exists', return_value=True)
-    @mock.patch.object(builtins, 'open', mock.mock_open(read_data="0\n"))
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open', mock.mock_open(read_data="0\n"))
     def test_kernel_parameter_zero(self, fake_exists):
         self.assertFalse(self.host._kernel_supports_amd_sev())
         fake_exists.assert_called_once_with(
             '/sys/module/kvm_amd/parameters/sev')
 
     @mock.patch.object(os.path, 'exists', return_value=True)
-    @mock.patch.object(builtins, 'open', mock.mock_open(read_data="1\n"))
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open', mock.mock_open(read_data="1\n"))
     def test_kernel_parameter_one(self, fake_exists):
         self.assertTrue(self.host._kernel_supports_amd_sev())
         fake_exists.assert_called_once_with(
             '/sys/module/kvm_amd/parameters/sev')
 
     @mock.patch.object(os.path, 'exists', return_value=True)
-    @mock.patch.object(builtins, 'open', mock.mock_open(read_data="1\n"))
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open', mock.mock_open(read_data="1\n"))
     def test_unsupported_without_feature(self, fake_exists):
         self.assertFalse(self.host.supports_amd_sev)
 
     @mock.patch.object(os.path, 'exists', return_value=True)
-    @mock.patch.object(builtins, 'open', mock.mock_open(read_data="1\n"))
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open', mock.mock_open(read_data="1\n"))
     @mock.patch.object(vc, '_domain_capability_features',
         new=vc._domain_capability_features_with_SEV_unsupported)
     def test_unsupported_with_feature(self, fake_exists):
@@ -1351,7 +1347,7 @@ class TestLibvirtSEVSupported(TestLibvirtSEV):
     """Libvirt driver tests for when AMD SEV support is present."""
 
     @mock.patch.object(os.path, 'exists', return_value=True)
-    @mock.patch.object(builtins, 'open', mock.mock_open(read_data="1\n"))
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open', mock.mock_open(read_data="1\n"))
     @mock.patch.object(vc, '_domain_capability_features',
                        new=vc._domain_capability_features_with_SEV)
     def test_supported_with_feature(self, fake_exists):
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/virt/libvirt/test_imagecache.py b/nova/tests/unit/virt/libvirt/test_imagecache.py
index 8c6a317483..e034b79f35 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/virt/libvirt/test_imagecache.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/virt/libvirt/test_imagecache.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 
 import contextlib
+import io
 import os
 import time
 
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@ from oslo_concurrency import processutils
 from oslo_log import formatters
 from oslo_log import log as logging
 from oslo_utils.fixture import uuidsentinel as uuids
-from six.moves import cStringIO
 
 from nova.compute import manager as compute_manager
 import nova.conf
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ CONF = nova.conf.CONF
 def intercept_log_messages():
     try:
         mylog = logging.getLogger('nova')
-        stream = cStringIO()
+        stream = io.StringIO()
         handler = logging.logging.StreamHandler(stream)
         handler.setFormatter(formatters.ContextFormatter())
         mylog.logger.addHandler(handler)
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/virt/libvirt/test_utils.py b/nova/tests/unit/virt/libvirt/test_utils.py
index ccb96d38c2..f58880c8df 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/virt/libvirt/test_utils.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/virt/libvirt/test_utils.py
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ from oslo_concurrency import processutils
 from oslo_config import cfg
 from oslo_utils import fileutils
 from oslo_utils.fixture import uuidsentinel as uuids
-import six
 
 from nova.compute import utils as compute_utils
 from nova import context
@@ -549,19 +548,19 @@ sunrpc /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs rw,relatime 0 0
 
             # Source is given, and matches source in /proc/mounts
             proc_mnt = mock.mock_open(read_data=proc_with_mnt)
-            with mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, "open", proc_mnt):
+            with mock.patch('builtins.open', proc_mnt):
                 self.assertTrue(libvirt_utils.is_mounted(mount_path, source))
 
             # Source is given, and doesn't match source in /proc/mounts
             proc_mnt = mock.mock_open(read_data=proc_wrong_mnt)
-            with mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, "open", proc_mnt):
+            with mock.patch('builtins.open', proc_mnt):
                 self.assertFalse(libvirt_utils.is_mounted(mount_path, source))
 
             # Source is given, and mountpoint isn't present in /proc/mounts
             # Note that this shouldn't occur, as os.path.ismount should have
             # previously returned False in this case.
             proc_umnt = mock.mock_open(read_data=proc_without_mnt)
-            with mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, "open", proc_umnt):
+            with mock.patch('builtins.open', proc_umnt):
                 self.assertFalse(libvirt_utils.is_mounted(mount_path, source))
 
     def test_find_disk_file_device(self):
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/virt/powervm/test_image.py b/nova/tests/unit/virt/powervm/test_image.py
index 8adf197cb9..2db33e6a0f 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/virt/powervm/test_image.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/virt/powervm/test_image.py
@@ -15,10 +15,8 @@
 #    under the License.
 
 import mock
-import six
 
 from nova import test
-
 from nova.virt.powervm import image
 
 
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ class TestImage(test.TestCase):
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.API', autospec=True)
     def test_stream_blockdev_to_glance(self, mock_api, mock_chown):
         mock_open = mock.mock_open()
-        with mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open', new=mock_open):
+        with mock.patch('builtins.open', new=mock_open):
             image.stream_blockdev_to_glance('context', mock_api, 'image_id',
                                             'metadata', '/dev/disk')
         mock_chown.assert_called_with('/dev/disk')
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/virt/test_virt.py b/nova/tests/unit/virt/test_virt.py
index 6e817d5f10..67830c7020 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/virt/test_virt.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/virt/test_virt.py
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class TestDiskImage(test.NoDBTestCase):
         response = io.StringIO(six.text_type(PROC_MOUNTS_CONTENTS))
         mock_open.return_value = response
 
-    @mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open')
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open')
     def test_mount(self, mock_open):
         self.mock_proc_mounts(mock_open)
         image = '/tmp/fake-image'
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class TestDiskImage(test.NoDBTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(diskimage._mounter, fakemount)
         self.assertEqual(dev, '/dev/fake')
 
-    @mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open')
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open')
     def test_umount(self, mock_open):
         self.mock_proc_mounts(mock_open)
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class TestDiskImage(test.NoDBTestCase):
         diskimage.umount()
         self.assertIsNone(diskimage._mounter)
 
-    @mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open')
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open')
     def test_teardown(self, mock_open):
         self.mock_proc_mounts(mock_open)
 
diff --git a/nova/tests/unit/virt/zvm/test_driver.py b/nova/tests/unit/virt/zvm/test_driver.py
index 1a0312d0c5..5e847c23d5 100644
--- a/nova/tests/unit/virt/zvm/test_driver.py
+++ b/nova/tests/unit/virt/zvm/test_driver.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import copy
 import mock
 import os
 from oslo_utils.fixture import uuidsentinel
-import six
 
 from nova.compute import provider_tree
 from nova import conf
@@ -331,7 +330,7 @@ class TestZVMDriver(test.NoDBTestCase):
                           allocations=None, network_info=self._network_info,
                           block_device_info=None)
 
-    @mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open')
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.get_remote_image_service')
     @mock.patch('nova.virt.zvm.utils.ConnectorClient.call')
     def test_snapshot(self, call, get_image_service, mock_open):
@@ -421,7 +420,7 @@ class TestZVMDriver(test.NoDBTestCase):
         mock_delete.assert_called_once_with(image_id)
         image_service.delete.assert_called_once_with(self._context, image_id)
 
-    @mock.patch.object(six.moves.builtins, 'open')
+    @mock.patch('builtins.open')
     @mock.patch('nova.image.glance.get_remote_image_service')
     @mock.patch('nova.virt.zvm.utils.ConnectorClient.call')
     @mock.patch('nova.virt.zvm.hypervisor.Hypervisor.image_delete')