Add support for looking in environment for config

An _environment source is added that looks in os.environ for
values.

Using the environment is on by default, but can be shut down
by setting `use_env` to False when __call__ is called.

The enviroment is inspected before any other sources
of config data but the value is used after command line
arguments and before config file options.

This is done by checking both the command line and config
files and then inspecting the location of the result. If
it is command_line, we use it. If not, we use the environment
value (if any). If there's no environment value, the config
file value is used. If checking the command line and config
file results in a KeyError, the environment value is used,
if set.

The names of the environment variables follow the rules
described in oslo_config.sources._environment.

A new exception has been added: ConfigSourceValueError, this
is the superclass of the existing ConfigFileValueError. The
code in _do_get has been updated to only use
ConfigFileValueError when it is in fact a file from whence a
ValueError came.

Documentation has been updated and a rlease note created to
indicate the new functionality.

Change-Id: I3245c40ebdcc96f8e3b2dc0bab3b4aa71d07ad15

1 files changed, 22 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/releasenotes/notes/config-from-environment-3feba7b4cc747d2b.yaml b/releasenotes/notes/config-from-environment-3feba7b4cc747d2b.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d78337e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/releasenotes/notes/config-from-environment-3feba7b4cc747d2b.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+features:
+  - |
+    Support for accessing configuration data in environment variables via the
+    environment backend driver, enabled by default. The environment is checked
+    after command line options, but before configuration files.
+
+    Environment variables are checked for any configuration data. The variable
+    names take the form:
+
+    * A prefix of ``OS_``
+    * The group name, uppercased
+    * Separated from the option name by a `__` (double underscore)
+    * Followed by the name
+
+    For an option that looks like this in the usual INI format::
+
+        [placement_database]
+        connection = sqlite:///
+
+    the corresponding environment variable would be
+    ``OS_PLACEMENT_DATABASE__CONNECTION``.