path: root/oslo_db/sqlalchemy/test_migrations.py

# Copyright 2010-2011 OpenStack Foundation
# Copyright 2012-2013 IBM Corp.
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#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
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#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
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import abc
import collections
import functools
import logging
import pprint

import alembic
import alembic.autogenerate
import alembic.migration
import sqlalchemy
import sqlalchemy.exc
import sqlalchemy.sql.expression as expr
import sqlalchemy.types as types

from oslo_db import exception as exc
from oslo_db.sqlalchemy import provision
from oslo_db.sqlalchemy import utils

LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class WalkVersionsMixin(object, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
    """Test mixin to check upgrade and downgrade ability of migration.

    This is only suitable for testing of migrate_ migration scripts. An
    abstract class mixin. `INIT_VERSION`, `REPOSITORY` and `migration_api`
    attributes must be implemented in subclasses.

    .. _auxiliary-dynamic-methods:

    Auxiliary Methods:

    `migrate_up` and `migrate_down` instance methods of the class can be
    used with auxiliary methods named `_pre_upgrade_<revision_id>`,
    `_check_<revision_id>`, `_post_downgrade_<revision_id>`. The methods
    intended to check applied changes for correctness of data operations.
    This methods should be implemented for every particular revision
    which you want to check with data. Implementation recommendations for
    `_pre_upgrade_<revision_id>`, `_check_<revision_id>`,
    `_post_downgrade_<revision_id>` implementation:

        * `_pre_upgrade_<revision_id>`: provide a data appropriate to
           a next revision. Should be used an id of revision which
           going to be applied.

        * `_check_<revision_id>`: Insert, select, delete operations
           with newly applied changes. The data provided by
           `_pre_upgrade_<revision_id>` will be used.

        * `_post_downgrade_<revision_id>`: check for absence
          (inability to use) changes provided by reverted revision.

    Execution order of auxiliary methods when revision is upgrading:

        `_pre_upgrade_###` => `upgrade` => `_check_###`

    Execution order of auxiliary methods when revision is downgrading:

        `downgrade` => `_post_downgrade_###`

    .. _migrate: https://sqlalchemy-migrate.readthedocs.org/en/latest/

    """

    @abc.abstractproperty
    def INIT_VERSION(self):
        """Initial version of a migration repository.

        Can be different from 0, if a migrations were squashed.

        :rtype: int
        """
        pass

    @abc.abstractproperty
    def REPOSITORY(self):
        """Allows basic manipulation with migration repository.

        :returns: `migrate.versioning.repository.Repository` subclass.
        """
        pass

    @abc.abstractproperty
    def migration_api(self):
        """Provides API for upgrading, downgrading and version manipulations.

        :returns: `migrate.api` or overloaded analog.
        """
        pass

    @abc.abstractproperty
    def migrate_engine(self):
        """Provides engine instance.

        Should be the same instance as used when migrations are applied. In
        most cases, the `engine` attribute provided by the test class in a
        `setUp` method will work.

        Example of implementation:

            def migrate_engine(self):
                return self.engine

        :returns: sqlalchemy engine instance
        """
        pass

    def _walk_versions(self, snake_walk=False, downgrade=True):
        """Check if migration upgrades and downgrades successfully.

        DEPRECATED: this function is deprecated and will be removed from
        oslo.db in a few releases. Please use walk_versions() method instead.
        """
        self.walk_versions(snake_walk, downgrade)

    def _migrate_down(self, version, with_data=False):
        """Migrate down to a previous version of the db.

        DEPRECATED: this function is deprecated and will be removed from
        oslo.db in a few releases. Please use migrate_down() method instead.
        """
        return self.migrate_down(version, with_data)

    def _migrate_up(self, version, with_data=False):
        """Migrate up to a new version of the db.

        DEPRECATED: this function is deprecated and will be removed from
        oslo.db in a few releases. Please use migrate_up() method instead.
        """
        self.migrate_up(version, with_data)

    def walk_versions(self, snake_walk=False, downgrade=True):
        """Check if migration upgrades and downgrades successfully.

        Determine the latest version script from the repo, then
        upgrade from 1 through to the latest, with no data
        in the databases. This just checks that the schema itself
        upgrades successfully.

        `walk_versions` calls `migrate_up` and `migrate_down` with
        `with_data` argument to check changes with data, but these methods
        can be called without any extra check outside of `walk_versions`
        method.

        :param snake_walk: enables checking that each individual migration can
            be upgraded/downgraded by itself.

            If we have ordered migrations 123abc, 456def, 789ghi and we run
            upgrading with the `snake_walk` argument set to `True`, the
            migrations will be applied in the following order::

                `123abc => 456def => 123abc =>
                 456def => 789ghi => 456def => 789ghi`

        :type snake_walk: bool
        :param downgrade: Check downgrade behavior if True.
        :type downgrade: bool
        """

        # Place the database under version control
        self.migration_api.version_control(self.migrate_engine,
                                           self.REPOSITORY,
                                           self.INIT_VERSION)
        self.assertEqual(self.INIT_VERSION,
                         self.migration_api.db_version(self.migrate_engine,
                                                       self.REPOSITORY))

        LOG.debug('latest version is %s', self.REPOSITORY.latest)
        versions = range(int(self.INIT_VERSION) + 1,
                         int(self.REPOSITORY.latest) + 1)

        for version in versions:
            # upgrade -> downgrade -> upgrade
            self.migrate_up(version, with_data=True)
            if snake_walk:
                downgraded = self.migrate_down(version - 1, with_data=True)
                if downgraded:
                    self.migrate_up(version)

        if downgrade:
            # Now walk it back down to 0 from the latest, testing
            # the downgrade paths.
            for version in reversed(versions):
                # downgrade -> upgrade -> downgrade
                downgraded = self.migrate_down(version - 1)

                if snake_walk and downgraded:
                    self.migrate_up(version)
                    self.migrate_down(version - 1)

    def migrate_down(self, version, with_data=False):
        """Migrate down to a previous version of the db.

        :param version: id of revision to downgrade.
        :type version: str
        :keyword with_data: Whether to verify the absence of changes from
            migration(s) being downgraded, see
            :ref:`Auxiliary Methods <auxiliary-dynamic-methods>`.
        :type with_data: Bool
        """

        try:
            self.migration_api.downgrade(self.migrate_engine,
                                         self.REPOSITORY, version)
        except NotImplementedError:
            # NOTE(sirp): some migrations, namely release-level
            # migrations, don't support a downgrade.
            return False

        self.assertEqual(version, self.migration_api.db_version(
            self.migrate_engine, self.REPOSITORY))

        # NOTE(sirp): `version` is what we're downgrading to (i.e. the 'target'
        # version). So if we have any downgrade checks, they need to be run for
        # the previous (higher numbered) migration.
        if with_data:
            post_downgrade = getattr(
                self, "_post_downgrade_%03d" % (version + 1), None)
            if post_downgrade:
                post_downgrade(self.migrate_engine)

        return True

    def migrate_up(self, version, with_data=False):
        """Migrate up to a new version of the db.

        :param version: id of revision to upgrade.
        :type version: str
        :keyword with_data: Whether to verify the applied changes with data,
            see :ref:`Auxiliary Methods <auxiliary-dynamic-methods>`.
        :type with_data: Bool
        """
        # NOTE(sdague): try block is here because it's impossible to debug
        # where a failed data migration happens otherwise
        try:
            if with_data:
                data = None
                pre_upgrade = getattr(
                    self, "_pre_upgrade_%03d" % version, None)
                if pre_upgrade:
                    data = pre_upgrade(self.migrate_engine)

            self.migration_api.upgrade(self.migrate_engine,
                                       self.REPOSITORY, version)
            self.assertEqual(version,
                             self.migration_api.db_version(self.migrate_engine,
                                                           self.REPOSITORY))
            if with_data:
                check = getattr(self, "_check_%03d" % version, None)
                if check:
                    check(self.migrate_engine, data)
        except exc.DBMigrationError:
            msg = "Failed to migrate to version %(ver)s on engine %(eng)s"
            LOG.error(msg, {"ver": version, "eng": self.migrate_engine})
            raise


class ModelsMigrationsSync(object, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
    """A helper class for comparison of DB migration scripts and models.

    It's intended to be inherited by test cases in target projects. They have
    to provide implementations for methods used internally in the test (as
    we have no way to implement them here).

    test_model_sync() will run migration scripts for the engine provided and
    then compare the given metadata to the one reflected from the database.
    The difference between MODELS and MIGRATION scripts will be printed and
    the test will fail, if the difference is not empty. The return value is
    really a list of actions, that should be performed in order to make the
    current database schema state (i.e. migration scripts) consistent with
    models definitions. It's left up to developers to analyze the output and
    decide whether the models definitions or the migration scripts should be
    modified to make them consistent.

    Output::

        [(
            'add_table',
            description of the table from models
        ),
        (
            'remove_table',
            description of the table from database
        ),
        (
            'add_column',
            schema,
            table name,
            column description from models
        ),
        (
            'remove_column',
            schema,
            table name,
            column description from database
        ),
        (
            'add_index',
            description of the index from models
        ),
        (
            'remove_index',
            description of the index from database
        ),
        (
            'add_constraint',
            description of constraint from models
        ),
        (
            'remove_constraint,
            description of constraint from database
        ),
        (
            'modify_nullable',
            schema,
            table name,
            column name,
            {
                'existing_type': type of the column from database,
                'existing_server_default': default value from database
            },
            nullable from database,
            nullable from models
        ),
        (
            'modify_type',
            schema,
            table name,
            column name,
            {
                'existing_nullable': database nullable,
                'existing_server_default': default value from database
            },
            database column type,
            type of the column from models
        ),
        (
            'modify_default',
            schema,
            table name,
            column name,
            {
                'existing_nullable': database nullable,
                'existing_type': type of the column from database
            },
            connection column default value,
            default from models
        )]

    Method include_object() can be overridden to exclude some tables from
    comparison (e.g. migrate_repo).

    """

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def db_sync(self, engine):
        """Run migration scripts with the given engine instance.

        This method must be implemented in subclasses and run migration scripts
        for a DB the given engine is connected to.

        """

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def get_engine(self):
        """Return the engine instance to be used when running tests.

        This method must be implemented in subclasses and return an engine
        instance to be used when running tests.

        """

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def get_metadata(self):
        """Return the metadata instance to be used for schema comparison.

        This method must be implemented in subclasses and return the metadata
        instance attached to the BASE model.

        """

    def include_object(self, object_, name, type_, reflected, compare_to):
        """Return True for objects that should be compared.

        :param object_: a SchemaItem object such as a Table or Column object
        :param name: the name of the object
        :param type_: a string describing the type of object (e.g. "table")
        :param reflected: True if the given object was produced based on
                          table reflection, False if it's from a local
                          MetaData object
        :param compare_to: the object being compared against, if available,
                           else None

        """

        return True

    def compare_type(self, ctxt, insp_col, meta_col, insp_type, meta_type):
        """Return True if types are different, False if not.

        Return None to allow the default implementation to compare these types.

        :param ctxt: alembic MigrationContext instance
        :param insp_col: reflected column
        :param meta_col: column from model
        :param insp_type: reflected column type
        :param meta_type: column type from model

        """

        # some backends (e.g. mysql) don't provide native boolean type
        BOOLEAN_METADATA = (types.BOOLEAN, types.Boolean)
        BOOLEAN_SQL = BOOLEAN_METADATA + (types.INTEGER, types.Integer)

        if issubclass(type(meta_type), BOOLEAN_METADATA):
            return not issubclass(type(insp_type), BOOLEAN_SQL)

        # Alembic <=0.8.4 do not contain logic of comparing Variant type with
        # others.
        if isinstance(meta_type, types.Variant):
            orig_type = meta_col.type
            impl_type = meta_type.load_dialect_impl(ctxt.dialect)
            meta_col.type = impl_type
            try:
                return self.compare_type(ctxt, insp_col, meta_col, insp_type,
                                         impl_type)
            finally:
                meta_col.type = orig_type

        return ctxt.impl.compare_type(insp_col, meta_col)

    def compare_server_default(self, ctxt, ins_col, meta_col,
                               insp_def, meta_def, rendered_meta_def):
        """Compare default values between model and db table.

        Return True if the defaults are different, False if not, or None to
        allow the default implementation to compare these defaults.

        :param ctxt: alembic MigrationContext instance
        :param insp_col: reflected column
        :param meta_col: column from model
        :param insp_def: reflected column default value
        :param meta_def: column default value from model
        :param rendered_meta_def: rendered column default value (from model)

        """
        return self._compare_server_default(ctxt.bind, meta_col, insp_def,
                                            meta_def)

    @utils.DialectFunctionDispatcher.dispatch_for_dialect("*")
    def _compare_server_default(bind, meta_col, insp_def, meta_def):
        pass

    @_compare_server_default.dispatch_for('mysql')
    def _compare_server_default(bind, meta_col, insp_def, meta_def):
        if isinstance(meta_col.type, sqlalchemy.Boolean):
            if meta_def is None or insp_def is None:
                return meta_def != insp_def
            insp_def = insp_def.strip("'")
            return not (
                isinstance(meta_def.arg, expr.True_) and insp_def == "1" or
                isinstance(meta_def.arg, expr.False_) and insp_def == "0"
            )

    FKInfo = collections.namedtuple('fk_info', ['constrained_columns',
                                                'referred_table',
                                                'referred_columns'])

    def check_foreign_keys(self, metadata, bind):
        """Compare foreign keys between model and db table.

        :returns: a list that contains information about:

         * should be a new key added or removed existing,
         * name of that key,
         * source table,
         * referred table,
         * constrained columns,
         * referred columns

         Output::

             [('drop_key',
               'testtbl_fk_check_fkey',
               'testtbl',
               fk_info(constrained_columns=('fk_check',),
                       referred_table='table',
                       referred_columns=('fk_check',)))]

        DEPRECATED: this function is deprecated and will be removed from
        oslo.db in a few releases. Alembic autogenerate.compare_metadata()
        now includes foreign key comparison directly.

        """

        diff = []
        insp = sqlalchemy.engine.reflection.Inspector.from_engine(bind)
        # Get all tables from db
        db_tables = insp.get_table_names()
        # Get all tables from models
        model_tables = metadata.tables
        for table in db_tables:
            if table not in model_tables:
                continue
            # Get all necessary information about key of current table from db
            fk_db = dict((self._get_fk_info_from_db(i), i['name'])
                         for i in insp.get_foreign_keys(table))
            fk_db_set = set(fk_db.keys())
            # Get all necessary information about key of current table from
            # models
            fk_models = dict((self._get_fk_info_from_model(fk), fk)
                             for fk in model_tables[table].foreign_keys)
            fk_models_set = set(fk_models.keys())
            for key in (fk_db_set - fk_models_set):
                diff.append(('drop_key', fk_db[key], table, key))
                LOG.info(("Detected removed foreign key %(fk)r on "
                          "table %(table)r"), {'fk': fk_db[key],
                                               'table': table})
            for key in (fk_models_set - fk_db_set):
                diff.append(('add_key', fk_models[key], table, key))
                LOG.info((
                    "Detected added foreign key for column %(fk)r on table "
                    "%(table)r"), {'fk': fk_models[key].column.name,
                                   'table': table})
        return diff

    def _get_fk_info_from_db(self, fk):
        return self.FKInfo(tuple(fk['constrained_columns']),
                           fk['referred_table'],
                           tuple(fk['referred_columns']))

    def _get_fk_info_from_model(self, fk):
        return self.FKInfo((fk.parent.name,), fk.column.table.name,
                           (fk.column.name,))

    def filter_metadata_diff(self, diff):
        """Filter changes before assert in test_models_sync().

        Allow subclasses to whitelist/blacklist changes. By default, no
        filtering is performed, changes are returned as is.

        :param diff: a list of differences (see `compare_metadata()` docs for
            details on format)
        :returns: a list of differences
        """
        return diff

    def test_models_sync(self):
        # drop all objects after a test run
        engine = self.get_engine()
        backend = provision.Backend(engine.name, engine.url)
        self.addCleanup(functools.partial(backend.drop_all_objects, engine))

        # run migration scripts
        self.db_sync(self.get_engine())

        with self.get_engine().connect() as conn:
            opts = {
                'include_object': self.include_object,
                'compare_type': self.compare_type,
                'compare_server_default': self.compare_server_default,
            }
            mc = alembic.migration.MigrationContext.configure(conn, opts=opts)

            # compare schemas and fail with diff, if it's not empty
            diff = self.filter_metadata_diff(
                alembic.autogenerate.compare_metadata(mc, self.get_metadata()))
            if diff:
                msg = pprint.pformat(diff, indent=2, width=20)
                self.fail(
                    "Models and migration scripts aren't in sync:\n%s" % msg)