summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorAndrey Kurilin <akurilin@mirantis.com>2014-10-13 16:45:34 +0300
committerAndrey Kurilin <akurilin@mirantis.com>2014-10-16 01:26:48 +0300
commitf9ac34d9e8cea7345f948507b17a44a740937395 (patch)
treebaadee16a260aeae98c32daa038ff08c74a8fa2f
parentdc09cf27e3e56baeb00462c0957d36f9e9232b90 (diff)
downloadpython-novaclient-f9ac34d9e8cea7345f948507b17a44a740937395.tar.gz
Sync latest code
Modules from oslo-incubator already switched to use graduated libraries (oslo.i18n, oslo.serialization and oslo.utils), so we should sync latest code and remove outdated modules (gettextutils, importutils, strutils). NOTE: - module novaclient.openstack.common._i18n should be used only in common code - module novaclient.i18n designed for usage in novaclient Latest commit in oslo-incubator: 21985931a95981eabf1030ead60ae4d210bcd9c0 Synced changes for tools/install_venv_common.py: fe3389e Improve help strings Other synced changes: 55ca7c3 Split cliutils 5d40e14 Remove code that moved to oslo.i18n 3edbfb3 remove caching param from prettytable call 6ff6b4b Switch oslo-incubator to use oslo.utils and remove old modules 9eee5d0 Merge "Delete the token and endpoint on expiry of token of client" f76f44c Delete the token and endpoint on expiry of token of client ed0ffb8 Do not incur the cost of a second method call cf449e2 Fix response_key parameter usage in BaseManager d73f3b1 Remove unused/mutable default args e7d26a6 Merge "Centralize bash-completion in Novaclient" b4e098e Merge "Handle non-openstack errors gracefully" 5e00685 Centralize bash-completion in Novaclient 4ef0193 Handle non-openstack errors gracefully ac995be Fix E126 pep8 errors de4adbc pep8: fixed multiple violations Change-Id: I5f3015ebcbc665a2089ec88629e15ba336aee504
-rw-r--r--novaclient/openstack/common/__init__.py17
-rw-r--r--novaclient/openstack/common/_i18n.py40
-rw-r--r--novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/base.py51
-rw-r--r--novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/client.py13
-rw-r--r--novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/exceptions.py14
-rw-r--r--novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/fake_client.py4
-rw-r--r--novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/utils.py87
-rw-r--r--novaclient/openstack/common/cliutils.py111
-rw-r--r--novaclient/openstack/common/gettextutils.py498
-rw-r--r--novaclient/openstack/common/importutils.py73
-rw-r--r--novaclient/openstack/common/strutils.py245
-rw-r--r--tools/install_venv_common.py2
12 files changed, 196 insertions, 959 deletions
diff --git a/novaclient/openstack/common/__init__.py b/novaclient/openstack/common/__init__.py
index d1223eaf..e69de29b 100644
--- a/novaclient/openstack/common/__init__.py
+++ b/novaclient/openstack/common/__init__.py
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
-# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-# a copy of the License at
-#
-# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-# under the License.
-
-import six
-
-
-six.add_move(six.MovedModule('mox', 'mox', 'mox3.mox'))
diff --git a/novaclient/openstack/common/_i18n.py b/novaclient/openstack/common/_i18n.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ae2ff23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/novaclient/openstack/common/_i18n.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
+# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
+# a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+"""oslo.i18n integration module.
+
+See http://docs.openstack.org/developer/oslo.i18n/usage.html
+
+"""
+
+import oslo.i18n
+
+
+# NOTE(dhellmann): This reference to o-s-l-o will be replaced by the
+# application name when this module is synced into the separate
+# repository. It is OK to have more than one translation function
+# using the same domain, since there will still only be one message
+# catalog.
+_translators = oslo.i18n.TranslatorFactory(domain='novaclient')
+
+# The primary translation function using the well-known name "_"
+_ = _translators.primary
+
+# Translators for log levels.
+#
+# The abbreviated names are meant to reflect the usual use of a short
+# name like '_'. The "L" is for "log" and the other letter comes from
+# the level.
+_LI = _translators.log_info
+_LW = _translators.log_warning
+_LE = _translators.log_error
+_LC = _translators.log_critical
diff --git a/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/base.py b/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/base.py
index 8380ba39..cc5c8b00 100644
--- a/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/base.py
+++ b/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/base.py
@@ -26,13 +26,12 @@ Base utilities to build API operation managers and objects on top of.
import abc
import copy
+from oslo.utils import strutils
import six
from six.moves.urllib import parse
+from novaclient.openstack.common._i18n import _
from novaclient.openstack.common.apiclient import exceptions
-from novaclient.openstack.common.gettextutils import _
-from novaclient.openstack.common import strutils
-from novaclient.openstack.common import uuidutils
def getid(obj):
@@ -100,12 +99,13 @@ class BaseManager(HookableMixin):
super(BaseManager, self).__init__()
self.client = client
- def _list(self, url, response_key, obj_class=None, json=None):
+ def _list(self, url, response_key=None, obj_class=None, json=None):
"""List the collection.
:param url: a partial URL, e.g., '/servers'
:param response_key: the key to be looked up in response dictionary,
- e.g., 'servers'
+ e.g., 'servers'. If response_key is None - all response body
+ will be used.
:param obj_class: class for constructing the returned objects
(self.resource_class will be used by default)
:param json: data that will be encoded as JSON and passed in POST
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class BaseManager(HookableMixin):
if obj_class is None:
obj_class = self.resource_class
- data = body[response_key]
+ data = body[response_key] if response_key is not None else body
# NOTE(ja): keystone returns values as list as {'values': [ ... ]}
# unlike other services which just return the list...
try:
@@ -129,15 +129,17 @@ class BaseManager(HookableMixin):
return [obj_class(self, res, loaded=True) for res in data if res]
- def _get(self, url, response_key):
+ def _get(self, url, response_key=None):
"""Get an object from collection.
:param url: a partial URL, e.g., '/servers'
:param response_key: the key to be looked up in response dictionary,
- e.g., 'server'
+ e.g., 'server'. If response_key is None - all response body
+ will be used.
"""
body = self.client.get(url).json()
- return self.resource_class(self, body[response_key], loaded=True)
+ data = body[response_key] if response_key is not None else body
+ return self.resource_class(self, data, loaded=True)
def _head(self, url):
"""Retrieve request headers for an object.
@@ -147,21 +149,23 @@ class BaseManager(HookableMixin):
resp = self.client.head(url)
return resp.status_code == 204
- def _post(self, url, json, response_key, return_raw=False):
+ def _post(self, url, json, response_key=None, return_raw=False):
"""Create an object.
:param url: a partial URL, e.g., '/servers'
:param json: data that will be encoded as JSON and passed in POST
request (GET will be sent by default)
:param response_key: the key to be looked up in response dictionary,
- e.g., 'servers'
+ e.g., 'server'. If response_key is None - all response body
+ will be used.
:param return_raw: flag to force returning raw JSON instead of
Python object of self.resource_class
"""
body = self.client.post(url, json=json).json()
+ data = body[response_key] if response_key is not None else body
if return_raw:
- return body[response_key]
- return self.resource_class(self, body[response_key])
+ return data
+ return self.resource_class(self, data)
def _put(self, url, json=None, response_key=None):
"""Update an object with PUT method.
@@ -170,7 +174,8 @@ class BaseManager(HookableMixin):
:param json: data that will be encoded as JSON and passed in POST
request (GET will be sent by default)
:param response_key: the key to be looked up in response dictionary,
- e.g., 'servers'
+ e.g., 'servers'. If response_key is None - all response body
+ will be used.
"""
resp = self.client.put(url, json=json)
# PUT requests may not return a body
@@ -188,7 +193,8 @@ class BaseManager(HookableMixin):
:param json: data that will be encoded as JSON and passed in POST
request (GET will be sent by default)
:param response_key: the key to be looked up in response dictionary,
- e.g., 'servers'
+ e.g., 'servers'. If response_key is None - all response body
+ will be used.
"""
body = self.client.patch(url, json=json).json()
if response_key is not None:
@@ -437,21 +443,6 @@ class Resource(object):
self._info = info
self._add_details(info)
self._loaded = loaded
- self._init_completion_cache()
-
- def _init_completion_cache(self):
- cache_write = getattr(self.manager, 'write_to_completion_cache', None)
- if not cache_write:
- return
-
- # NOTE(sirp): ensure `id` is already present because if it isn't we'll
- # enter an infinite loop of __getattr__ -> get -> __init__ ->
- # __getattr__ -> ...
- if 'id' in self.__dict__ and uuidutils.is_uuid_like(self.id):
- cache_write('uuid', self.id)
-
- if self.human_id:
- cache_write('human_id', self.human_id)
def __repr__(self):
reprkeys = sorted(k
diff --git a/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/client.py b/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/client.py
index a3666daf..7780cea9 100644
--- a/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/client.py
+++ b/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/client.py
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ try:
except ImportError:
import json
+from oslo.utils import importutils
import requests
+from novaclient.openstack.common._i18n import _
from novaclient.openstack.common.apiclient import exceptions
-from novaclient.openstack.common.gettextutils import _
-from novaclient.openstack.common import importutils
_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class HTTPClient(object):
requests.Session.request (such as `headers`) or `json`
that will be encoded as JSON and used as `data` argument
"""
- kwargs.setdefault("headers", kwargs.get("headers", {}))
+ kwargs.setdefault("headers", {})
kwargs["headers"]["User-Agent"] = self.user_agent
if self.original_ip:
kwargs["headers"]["Forwarded"] = "for=%s;by=%s" % (
@@ -247,6 +247,10 @@ class HTTPClient(object):
raise
self.cached_token = None
client.cached_endpoint = None
+ if self.auth_plugin.opts.get('token'):
+ self.auth_plugin.opts['token'] = None
+ if self.auth_plugin.opts.get('endpoint'):
+ self.auth_plugin.opts['endpoint'] = None
self.authenticate()
try:
token, endpoint = self.auth_plugin.token_and_endpoint(
@@ -357,8 +361,7 @@ class BaseClient(object):
"Must be one of: %(version_map)s") % {
'api_name': api_name,
'version': version,
- 'version_map': ', '.join(version_map.keys())
- }
+ 'version_map': ', '.join(version_map.keys())}
raise exceptions.UnsupportedVersion(msg)
return importutils.import_class(client_path)
diff --git a/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/exceptions.py b/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/exceptions.py
index 8e0d2ad9..15e885b9 100644
--- a/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/exceptions.py
+++ b/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/exceptions.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import sys
import six
-from novaclient.openstack.common.gettextutils import _
+from novaclient.openstack.common._i18n import _
class ClientException(Exception):
@@ -34,14 +34,6 @@ class ClientException(Exception):
pass
-class MissingArgs(ClientException):
- """Supplied arguments are not sufficient for calling a function."""
- def __init__(self, missing):
- self.missing = missing
- msg = _("Missing arguments: %s") % ", ".join(missing)
- super(MissingArgs, self).__init__(msg)
-
-
class ValidationError(ClientException):
"""Error in validation on API client side."""
pass
@@ -447,8 +439,8 @@ def from_response(response, method, url):
except ValueError:
pass
else:
- if isinstance(body, dict):
- error = list(body.values())[0]
+ if isinstance(body, dict) and isinstance(body.get("error"), dict):
+ error = body["error"]
kwargs["message"] = error.get("message")
kwargs["details"] = error.get("details")
elif content_type.startswith("text/"):
diff --git a/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/fake_client.py b/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/fake_client.py
index b6670a67..eeb9b810 100644
--- a/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/fake_client.py
+++ b/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/fake_client.py
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@ from six.moves.urllib import parse
from novaclient.openstack.common.apiclient import client
-def assert_has_keys(dct, required=[], optional=[]):
+def assert_has_keys(dct, required=None, optional=None):
+ required = required or []
+ optional = optional or []
for k in required:
try:
assert k in dct
diff --git a/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/utils.py b/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09ddae43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/novaclient/openstack/common/apiclient/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
+# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
+# a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+from oslo.utils import encodeutils
+import six
+
+from novaclient.openstack.common._i18n import _
+from novaclient.openstack.common.apiclient import exceptions
+from novaclient.openstack.common import uuidutils
+
+
+def find_resource(manager, name_or_id, **find_args):
+ """Look for resource in a given manager.
+
+ Used as a helper for the _find_* methods.
+ Example:
+
+ .. code-block:: python
+
+ def _find_hypervisor(cs, hypervisor):
+ #Get a hypervisor by name or ID.
+ return cliutils.find_resource(cs.hypervisors, hypervisor)
+ """
+ # first try to get entity as integer id
+ try:
+ return manager.get(int(name_or_id))
+ except (TypeError, ValueError, exceptions.NotFound):
+ pass
+
+ # now try to get entity as uuid
+ try:
+ if six.PY2:
+ tmp_id = encodeutils.safe_encode(name_or_id)
+ else:
+ tmp_id = encodeutils.safe_decode(name_or_id)
+
+ if uuidutils.is_uuid_like(tmp_id):
+ return manager.get(tmp_id)
+ except (TypeError, ValueError, exceptions.NotFound):
+ pass
+
+ # for str id which is not uuid
+ if getattr(manager, 'is_alphanum_id_allowed', False):
+ try:
+ return manager.get(name_or_id)
+ except exceptions.NotFound:
+ pass
+
+ try:
+ try:
+ return manager.find(human_id=name_or_id, **find_args)
+ except exceptions.NotFound:
+ pass
+
+ # finally try to find entity by name
+ try:
+ resource = getattr(manager, 'resource_class', None)
+ name_attr = resource.NAME_ATTR if resource else 'name'
+ kwargs = {name_attr: name_or_id}
+ kwargs.update(find_args)
+ return manager.find(**kwargs)
+ except exceptions.NotFound:
+ msg = _("No %(name)s with a name or "
+ "ID of '%(name_or_id)s' exists.") % \
+ {
+ "name": manager.resource_class.__name__.lower(),
+ "name_or_id": name_or_id
+ }
+ raise exceptions.CommandError(msg)
+ except exceptions.NoUniqueMatch:
+ msg = _("Multiple %(name)s matches found for "
+ "'%(name_or_id)s', use an ID to be more specific.") % \
+ {
+ "name": manager.resource_class.__name__.lower(),
+ "name_or_id": name_or_id
+ }
+ raise exceptions.CommandError(msg)
diff --git a/novaclient/openstack/common/cliutils.py b/novaclient/openstack/common/cliutils.py
index 6a96da57..ac2cf757 100644
--- a/novaclient/openstack/common/cliutils.py
+++ b/novaclient/openstack/common/cliutils.py
@@ -24,14 +24,21 @@ import os
import sys
import textwrap
+from oslo.utils import encodeutils
+from oslo.utils import strutils
import prettytable
import six
from six import moves
-from novaclient.openstack.common.apiclient import exceptions
-from novaclient.openstack.common.gettextutils import _
-from novaclient.openstack.common import strutils
-from novaclient.openstack.common import uuidutils
+from novaclient.openstack.common._i18n import _
+
+
+class MissingArgs(Exception):
+ """Supplied arguments are not sufficient for calling a function."""
+ def __init__(self, missing):
+ self.missing = missing
+ msg = _("Missing arguments: %s") % ", ".join(missing)
+ super(MissingArgs, self).__init__(msg)
def validate_args(fn, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -56,7 +63,7 @@ def validate_args(fn, *args, **kwargs):
required_args = argspec.args[:len(argspec.args) - num_defaults]
def isbound(method):
- return getattr(method, 'im_self', None) is not None
+ return getattr(method, '__self__', None) is not None
if isbound(fn):
required_args.pop(0)
@@ -64,7 +71,7 @@ def validate_args(fn, *args, **kwargs):
missing = [arg for arg in required_args if arg not in kwargs]
missing = missing[len(args):]
if missing:
- raise exceptions.MissingArgs(missing)
+ raise MissingArgs(missing)
def arg(*args, **kwargs):
@@ -132,7 +139,7 @@ def isunauthenticated(func):
def print_list(objs, fields, formatters=None, sortby_index=0,
- mixed_case_fields=None):
+ mixed_case_fields=None, field_labels=None):
"""Print a list or objects as a table, one row per object.
:param objs: iterable of :class:`Resource`
@@ -141,14 +148,22 @@ def print_list(objs, fields, formatters=None, sortby_index=0,
:param sortby_index: index of the field for sorting table rows
:param mixed_case_fields: fields corresponding to object attributes that
have mixed case names (e.g., 'serverId')
+ :param field_labels: Labels to use in the heading of the table, default to
+ fields.
"""
formatters = formatters or {}
mixed_case_fields = mixed_case_fields or []
+ field_labels = field_labels or fields
+ if len(field_labels) != len(fields):
+ raise ValueError(_("Field labels list %(labels)s has different number "
+ "of elements than fields list %(fields)s"),
+ {'labels': field_labels, 'fields': fields})
+
if sortby_index is None:
kwargs = {}
else:
- kwargs = {'sortby': fields[sortby_index]}
- pt = prettytable.PrettyTable(fields, caching=False)
+ kwargs = {'sortby': field_labels[sortby_index]}
+ pt = prettytable.PrettyTable(field_labels)
pt.align = 'l'
for o in objs:
@@ -165,7 +180,7 @@ def print_list(objs, fields, formatters=None, sortby_index=0,
row.append(data)
pt.add_row(row)
- print(strutils.safe_encode(pt.get_string(**kwargs)))
+ print(encodeutils.safe_encode(pt.get_string(**kwargs)))
def print_dict(dct, dict_property="Property", wrap=0):
@@ -175,7 +190,7 @@ def print_dict(dct, dict_property="Property", wrap=0):
:param dict_property: name of the first column
:param wrap: wrapping for the second column
"""
- pt = prettytable.PrettyTable([dict_property, 'Value'], caching=False)
+ pt = prettytable.PrettyTable([dict_property, 'Value'])
pt.align = 'l'
for k, v in six.iteritems(dct):
# convert dict to str to check length
@@ -193,7 +208,7 @@ def print_dict(dct, dict_property="Property", wrap=0):
col1 = ''
else:
pt.add_row([k, v])
- print(strutils.safe_encode(pt.get_string()))
+ print(encodeutils.safe_encode(pt.get_string()))
def get_password(max_password_prompts=3):
@@ -217,76 +232,16 @@ def get_password(max_password_prompts=3):
return pw
-def find_resource(manager, name_or_id, **find_args):
- """Look for resource in a given manager.
-
- Used as a helper for the _find_* methods.
- Example:
-
- def _find_hypervisor(cs, hypervisor):
- #Get a hypervisor by name or ID.
- return cliutils.find_resource(cs.hypervisors, hypervisor)
- """
- # first try to get entity as integer id
- try:
- return manager.get(int(name_or_id))
- except (TypeError, ValueError, exceptions.NotFound):
- pass
-
- # now try to get entity as uuid
- try:
- tmp_id = strutils.safe_encode(name_or_id)
-
- if uuidutils.is_uuid_like(tmp_id):
- return manager.get(tmp_id)
- except (TypeError, ValueError, exceptions.NotFound):
- pass
-
- # for str id which is not uuid
- if getattr(manager, 'is_alphanum_id_allowed', False):
- try:
- return manager.get(name_or_id)
- except exceptions.NotFound:
- pass
-
- try:
- try:
- return manager.find(human_id=name_or_id, **find_args)
- except exceptions.NotFound:
- pass
-
- # finally try to find entity by name
- try:
- resource = getattr(manager, 'resource_class', None)
- name_attr = resource.NAME_ATTR if resource else 'name'
- kwargs = {name_attr: name_or_id}
- kwargs.update(find_args)
- return manager.find(**kwargs)
- except exceptions.NotFound:
- msg = _("No %(name)s with a name or "
- "ID of '%(name_or_id)s' exists.") % \
- {
- "name": manager.resource_class.__name__.lower(),
- "name_or_id": name_or_id
- }
- raise exceptions.CommandError(msg)
- except exceptions.NoUniqueMatch:
- msg = _("Multiple %(name)s matches found for "
- "'%(name_or_id)s', use an ID to be more specific.") % \
- {
- "name": manager.resource_class.__name__.lower(),
- "name_or_id": name_or_id
- }
- raise exceptions.CommandError(msg)
-
-
def service_type(stype):
"""Adds 'service_type' attribute to decorated function.
Usage:
- @service_type('volume')
- def mymethod(f):
- ...
+
+ .. code-block:: python
+
+ @service_type('volume')
+ def mymethod(f):
+ ...
"""
def inner(f):
f.service_type = stype
diff --git a/novaclient/openstack/common/gettextutils.py b/novaclient/openstack/common/gettextutils.py
deleted file mode 100644
index a48a7281..00000000
--- a/novaclient/openstack/common/gettextutils.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,498 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2012 Red Hat, Inc.
-# Copyright 2013 IBM Corp.
-# All Rights Reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
-# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-# a copy of the License at
-#
-# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-# under the License.
-
-"""
-gettext for openstack-common modules.
-
-Usual usage in an openstack.common module:
-
- from novaclient.openstack.common.gettextutils import _
-"""
-
-import copy
-import functools
-import gettext
-import locale
-from logging import handlers
-import os
-
-from babel import localedata
-import six
-
-_AVAILABLE_LANGUAGES = {}
-
-# FIXME(dhellmann): Remove this when moving to oslo.i18n.
-USE_LAZY = False
-
-
-class TranslatorFactory(object):
- """Create translator functions
- """
-
- def __init__(self, domain, lazy=False, localedir=None):
- """Establish a set of translation functions for the domain.
-
- :param domain: Name of translation domain,
- specifying a message catalog.
- :type domain: str
- :param lazy: Delays translation until a message is emitted.
- Defaults to False.
- :type lazy: Boolean
- :param localedir: Directory with translation catalogs.
- :type localedir: str
- """
- self.domain = domain
- self.lazy = lazy
- if localedir is None:
- localedir = os.environ.get(domain.upper() + '_LOCALEDIR')
- self.localedir = localedir
-
- def _make_translation_func(self, domain=None):
- """Return a new translation function ready for use.
-
- Takes into account whether or not lazy translation is being
- done.
-
- The domain can be specified to override the default from the
- factory, but the localedir from the factory is always used
- because we assume the log-level translation catalogs are
- installed in the same directory as the main application
- catalog.
-
- """
- if domain is None:
- domain = self.domain
- if self.lazy:
- return functools.partial(Message, domain=domain)
- t = gettext.translation(
- domain,
- localedir=self.localedir,
- fallback=True,
- )
- if six.PY3:
- return t.gettext
- return t.ugettext
-
- @property
- def primary(self):
- "The default translation function."
- return self._make_translation_func()
-
- def _make_log_translation_func(self, level):
- return self._make_translation_func(self.domain + '-log-' + level)
-
- @property
- def log_info(self):
- "Translate info-level log messages."
- return self._make_log_translation_func('info')
-
- @property
- def log_warning(self):
- "Translate warning-level log messages."
- return self._make_log_translation_func('warning')
-
- @property
- def log_error(self):
- "Translate error-level log messages."
- return self._make_log_translation_func('error')
-
- @property
- def log_critical(self):
- "Translate critical-level log messages."
- return self._make_log_translation_func('critical')
-
-
-# NOTE(dhellmann): When this module moves out of the incubator into
-# oslo.i18n, these global variables can be moved to an integration
-# module within each application.
-
-# Create the global translation functions.
-_translators = TranslatorFactory('novaclient')
-
-# The primary translation function using the well-known name "_"
-_ = _translators.primary
-
-# Translators for log levels.
-#
-# The abbreviated names are meant to reflect the usual use of a short
-# name like '_'. The "L" is for "log" and the other letter comes from
-# the level.
-_LI = _translators.log_info
-_LW = _translators.log_warning
-_LE = _translators.log_error
-_LC = _translators.log_critical
-
-# NOTE(dhellmann): End of globals that will move to the application's
-# integration module.
-
-
-def enable_lazy():
- """Convenience function for configuring _() to use lazy gettext
-
- Call this at the start of execution to enable the gettextutils._
- function to use lazy gettext functionality. This is useful if
- your project is importing _ directly instead of using the
- gettextutils.install() way of importing the _ function.
- """
- # FIXME(dhellmann): This function will be removed in oslo.i18n,
- # because the TranslatorFactory makes it superfluous.
- global _, _LI, _LW, _LE, _LC, USE_LAZY
- tf = TranslatorFactory('novaclient', lazy=True)
- _ = tf.primary
- _LI = tf.log_info
- _LW = tf.log_warning
- _LE = tf.log_error
- _LC = tf.log_critical
- USE_LAZY = True
-
-
-def install(domain, lazy=False):
- """Install a _() function using the given translation domain.
-
- Given a translation domain, install a _() function using gettext's
- install() function.
-
- The main difference from gettext.install() is that we allow
- overriding the default localedir (e.g. /usr/share/locale) using
- a translation-domain-specific environment variable (e.g.
- NOVA_LOCALEDIR).
-
- :param domain: the translation domain
- :param lazy: indicates whether or not to install the lazy _() function.
- The lazy _() introduces a way to do deferred translation
- of messages by installing a _ that builds Message objects,
- instead of strings, which can then be lazily translated into
- any available locale.
- """
- if lazy:
- from six import moves
- tf = TranslatorFactory(domain, lazy=True)
- moves.builtins.__dict__['_'] = tf.primary
- else:
- localedir = '%s_LOCALEDIR' % domain.upper()
- if six.PY3:
- gettext.install(domain,
- localedir=os.environ.get(localedir))
- else:
- gettext.install(domain,
- localedir=os.environ.get(localedir),
- unicode=True)
-
-
-class Message(six.text_type):
- """A Message object is a unicode object that can be translated.
-
- Translation of Message is done explicitly using the translate() method.
- For all non-translation intents and purposes, a Message is simply unicode,
- and can be treated as such.
- """
-
- def __new__(cls, msgid, msgtext=None, params=None,
- domain='novaclient', *args):
- """Create a new Message object.
-
- In order for translation to work gettext requires a message ID, this
- msgid will be used as the base unicode text. It is also possible
- for the msgid and the base unicode text to be different by passing
- the msgtext parameter.
- """
- # If the base msgtext is not given, we use the default translation
- # of the msgid (which is in English) just in case the system locale is
- # not English, so that the base text will be in that locale by default.
- if not msgtext:
- msgtext = Message._translate_msgid(msgid, domain)
- # We want to initialize the parent unicode with the actual object that
- # would have been plain unicode if 'Message' was not enabled.
- msg = super(Message, cls).__new__(cls, msgtext)
- msg.msgid = msgid
- msg.domain = domain
- msg.params = params
- return msg
-
- def translate(self, desired_locale=None):
- """Translate this message to the desired locale.
-
- :param desired_locale: The desired locale to translate the message to,
- if no locale is provided the message will be
- translated to the system's default locale.
-
- :returns: the translated message in unicode
- """
-
- translated_message = Message._translate_msgid(self.msgid,
- self.domain,
- desired_locale)
- if self.params is None:
- # No need for more translation
- return translated_message
-
- # This Message object may have been formatted with one or more
- # Message objects as substitution arguments, given either as a single
- # argument, part of a tuple, or as one or more values in a dictionary.
- # When translating this Message we need to translate those Messages too
- translated_params = _translate_args(self.params, desired_locale)
-
- translated_message = translated_message % translated_params
-
- return translated_message
-
- @staticmethod
- def _translate_msgid(msgid, domain, desired_locale=None):
- if not desired_locale:
- system_locale = locale.getdefaultlocale()
- # If the system locale is not available to the runtime use English
- if not system_locale[0]:
- desired_locale = 'en_US'
- else:
- desired_locale = system_locale[0]
-
- locale_dir = os.environ.get(domain.upper() + '_LOCALEDIR')
- lang = gettext.translation(domain,
- localedir=locale_dir,
- languages=[desired_locale],
- fallback=True)
- if six.PY3:
- translator = lang.gettext
- else:
- translator = lang.ugettext
-
- translated_message = translator(msgid)
- return translated_message
-
- def __mod__(self, other):
- # When we mod a Message we want the actual operation to be performed
- # by the parent class (i.e. unicode()), the only thing we do here is
- # save the original msgid and the parameters in case of a translation
- params = self._sanitize_mod_params(other)
- unicode_mod = super(Message, self).__mod__(params)
- modded = Message(self.msgid,
- msgtext=unicode_mod,
- params=params,
- domain=self.domain)
- return modded
-
- def _sanitize_mod_params(self, other):
- """Sanitize the object being modded with this Message.
-
- - Add support for modding 'None' so translation supports it
- - Trim the modded object, which can be a large dictionary, to only
- those keys that would actually be used in a translation
- - Snapshot the object being modded, in case the message is
- translated, it will be used as it was when the Message was created
- """
- if other is None:
- params = (other,)
- elif isinstance(other, dict):
- # Merge the dictionaries
- # Copy each item in case one does not support deep copy.
- params = {}
- if isinstance(self.params, dict):
- for key, val in self.params.items():
- params[key] = self._copy_param(val)
- for key, val in other.items():
- params[key] = self._copy_param(val)
- else:
- params = self._copy_param(other)
- return params
-
- def _copy_param(self, param):
- try:
- return copy.deepcopy(param)
- except Exception:
- # Fallback to casting to unicode this will handle the
- # python code-like objects that can't be deep-copied
- return six.text_type(param)
-
- def __add__(self, other):
- msg = _('Message objects do not support addition.')
- raise TypeError(msg)
-
- def __radd__(self, other):
- return self.__add__(other)
-
- if six.PY2:
- def __str__(self):
- # NOTE(luisg): Logging in python 2.6 tries to str() log records,
- # and it expects specifically a UnicodeError in order to proceed.
- msg = _('Message objects do not support str() because they may '
- 'contain non-ascii characters. '
- 'Please use unicode() or translate() instead.')
- raise UnicodeError(msg)
-
-
-def get_available_languages(domain):
- """Lists the available languages for the given translation domain.
-
- :param domain: the domain to get languages for
- """
- if domain in _AVAILABLE_LANGUAGES:
- return copy.copy(_AVAILABLE_LANGUAGES[domain])
-
- localedir = '%s_LOCALEDIR' % domain.upper()
- find = lambda x: gettext.find(domain,
- localedir=os.environ.get(localedir),
- languages=[x])
-
- # NOTE(mrodden): en_US should always be available (and first in case
- # order matters) since our in-line message strings are en_US
- language_list = ['en_US']
- # NOTE(luisg): Babel <1.0 used a function called list(), which was
- # renamed to locale_identifiers() in >=1.0, the requirements master list
- # requires >=0.9.6, uncapped, so defensively work with both. We can remove
- # this check when the master list updates to >=1.0, and update all projects
- list_identifiers = (getattr(localedata, 'list', None) or
- getattr(localedata, 'locale_identifiers'))
- locale_identifiers = list_identifiers()
-
- for i in locale_identifiers:
- if find(i) is not None:
- language_list.append(i)
-
- # NOTE(luisg): Babel>=1.0,<1.3 has a bug where some OpenStack supported
- # locales (e.g. 'zh_CN', and 'zh_TW') aren't supported even though they
- # are perfectly legitimate locales:
- # https://github.com/mitsuhiko/babel/issues/37
- # In Babel 1.3 they fixed the bug and they support these locales, but
- # they are still not explicitly "listed" by locale_identifiers().
- # That is why we add the locales here explicitly if necessary so that
- # they are listed as supported.
- aliases = {'zh': 'zh_CN',
- 'zh_Hant_HK': 'zh_HK',
- 'zh_Hant': 'zh_TW',
- 'fil': 'tl_PH'}
- for (locale_, alias) in six.iteritems(aliases):
- if locale_ in language_list and alias not in language_list:
- language_list.append(alias)
-
- _AVAILABLE_LANGUAGES[domain] = language_list
- return copy.copy(language_list)
-
-
-def translate(obj, desired_locale=None):
- """Gets the translated unicode representation of the given object.
-
- If the object is not translatable it is returned as-is.
- If the locale is None the object is translated to the system locale.
-
- :param obj: the object to translate
- :param desired_locale: the locale to translate the message to, if None the
- default system locale will be used
- :returns: the translated object in unicode, or the original object if
- it could not be translated
- """
- message = obj
- if not isinstance(message, Message):
- # If the object to translate is not already translatable,
- # let's first get its unicode representation
- message = six.text_type(obj)
- if isinstance(message, Message):
- # Even after unicoding() we still need to check if we are
- # running with translatable unicode before translating
- return message.translate(desired_locale)
- return obj
-
-
-def _translate_args(args, desired_locale=None):
- """Translates all the translatable elements of the given arguments object.
-
- This method is used for translating the translatable values in method
- arguments which include values of tuples or dictionaries.
- If the object is not a tuple or a dictionary the object itself is
- translated if it is translatable.
-
- If the locale is None the object is translated to the system locale.
-
- :param args: the args to translate
- :param desired_locale: the locale to translate the args to, if None the
- default system locale will be used
- :returns: a new args object with the translated contents of the original
- """
- if isinstance(args, tuple):
- return tuple(translate(v, desired_locale) for v in args)
- if isinstance(args, dict):
- translated_dict = {}
- for (k, v) in six.iteritems(args):
- translated_v = translate(v, desired_locale)
- translated_dict[k] = translated_v
- return translated_dict
- return translate(args, desired_locale)
-
-
-class TranslationHandler(handlers.MemoryHandler):
- """Handler that translates records before logging them.
-
- The TranslationHandler takes a locale and a target logging.Handler object
- to forward LogRecord objects to after translating them. This handler
- depends on Message objects being logged, instead of regular strings.
-
- The handler can be configured declaratively in the logging.conf as follows:
-
- [handlers]
- keys = translatedlog, translator
-
- [handler_translatedlog]
- class = handlers.WatchedFileHandler
- args = ('/var/log/api-localized.log',)
- formatter = context
-
- [handler_translator]
- class = openstack.common.log.TranslationHandler
- target = translatedlog
- args = ('zh_CN',)
-
- If the specified locale is not available in the system, the handler will
- log in the default locale.
- """
-
- def __init__(self, locale=None, target=None):
- """Initialize a TranslationHandler
-
- :param locale: locale to use for translating messages
- :param target: logging.Handler object to forward
- LogRecord objects to after translation
- """
- # NOTE(luisg): In order to allow this handler to be a wrapper for
- # other handlers, such as a FileHandler, and still be able to
- # configure it using logging.conf, this handler has to extend
- # MemoryHandler because only the MemoryHandlers' logging.conf
- # parsing is implemented such that it accepts a target handler.
- handlers.MemoryHandler.__init__(self, capacity=0, target=target)
- self.locale = locale
-
- def setFormatter(self, fmt):
- self.target.setFormatter(fmt)
-
- def emit(self, record):
- # We save the message from the original record to restore it
- # after translation, so other handlers are not affected by this
- original_msg = record.msg
- original_args = record.args
-
- try:
- self._translate_and_log_record(record)
- finally:
- record.msg = original_msg
- record.args = original_args
-
- def _translate_and_log_record(self, record):
- record.msg = translate(record.msg, self.locale)
-
- # In addition to translating the message, we also need to translate
- # arguments that were passed to the log method that were not part
- # of the main message e.g., log.info(_('Some message %s'), this_one))
- record.args = _translate_args(record.args, self.locale)
-
- self.target.emit(record)
diff --git a/novaclient/openstack/common/importutils.py b/novaclient/openstack/common/importutils.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 863255db..00000000
--- a/novaclient/openstack/common/importutils.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2011 OpenStack Foundation.
-# All Rights Reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
-# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-# a copy of the License at
-#
-# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-# under the License.
-
-"""
-Import related utilities and helper functions.
-"""
-
-import sys
-import traceback
-
-
-def import_class(import_str):
- """Returns a class from a string including module and class."""
- mod_str, _sep, class_str = import_str.rpartition('.')
- __import__(mod_str)
- try:
- return getattr(sys.modules[mod_str], class_str)
- except AttributeError:
- raise ImportError('Class %s cannot be found (%s)' %
- (class_str,
- traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info())))
-
-
-def import_object(import_str, *args, **kwargs):
- """Import a class and return an instance of it."""
- return import_class(import_str)(*args, **kwargs)
-
-
-def import_object_ns(name_space, import_str, *args, **kwargs):
- """Tries to import object from default namespace.
-
- Imports a class and return an instance of it, first by trying
- to find the class in a default namespace, then failing back to
- a full path if not found in the default namespace.
- """
- import_value = "%s.%s" % (name_space, import_str)
- try:
- return import_class(import_value)(*args, **kwargs)
- except ImportError:
- return import_class(import_str)(*args, **kwargs)
-
-
-def import_module(import_str):
- """Import a module."""
- __import__(import_str)
- return sys.modules[import_str]
-
-
-def import_versioned_module(version, submodule=None):
- module = 'novaclient.v%s' % version
- if submodule:
- module = '.'.join((module, submodule))
- return import_module(module)
-
-
-def try_import(import_str, default=None):
- """Try to import a module and if it fails return default."""
- try:
- return import_module(import_str)
- except ImportError:
- return default
diff --git a/novaclient/openstack/common/strutils.py b/novaclient/openstack/common/strutils.py
deleted file mode 100644
index c22063d9..00000000
--- a/novaclient/openstack/common/strutils.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,245 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2011 OpenStack Foundation.
-# All Rights Reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
-# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-# a copy of the License at
-#
-# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-# under the License.
-
-"""
-System-level utilities and helper functions.
-"""
-
-import math
-import re
-import sys
-import unicodedata
-
-import six
-
-from novaclient.openstack.common.gettextutils import _
-
-
-UNIT_PREFIX_EXPONENT = {
- 'k': 1,
- 'K': 1,
- 'Ki': 1,
- 'M': 2,
- 'Mi': 2,
- 'G': 3,
- 'Gi': 3,
- 'T': 4,
- 'Ti': 4,
-}
-UNIT_SYSTEM_INFO = {
- 'IEC': (1024, re.compile(r'(^[-+]?\d*\.?\d+)([KMGT]i?)?(b|bit|B)$')),
- 'SI': (1000, re.compile(r'(^[-+]?\d*\.?\d+)([kMGT])?(b|bit|B)$')),
-}
-
-TRUE_STRINGS = ('1', 't', 'true', 'on', 'y', 'yes')
-FALSE_STRINGS = ('0', 'f', 'false', 'off', 'n', 'no')
-
-SLUGIFY_STRIP_RE = re.compile(r"[^\w\s-]")
-SLUGIFY_HYPHENATE_RE = re.compile(r"[-\s]+")
-
-
-def int_from_bool_as_string(subject):
- """Interpret a string as a boolean and return either 1 or 0.
-
- Any string value in:
-
- ('True', 'true', 'On', 'on', '1')
-
- is interpreted as a boolean True.
-
- Useful for JSON-decoded stuff and config file parsing
- """
- return bool_from_string(subject) and 1 or 0
-
-
-def bool_from_string(subject, strict=False, default=False):
- """Interpret a string as a boolean.
-
- A case-insensitive match is performed such that strings matching 't',
- 'true', 'on', 'y', 'yes', or '1' are considered True and, when
- `strict=False`, anything else returns the value specified by 'default'.
-
- Useful for JSON-decoded stuff and config file parsing.
-
- If `strict=True`, unrecognized values, including None, will raise a
- ValueError which is useful when parsing values passed in from an API call.
- Strings yielding False are 'f', 'false', 'off', 'n', 'no', or '0'.
- """
- if not isinstance(subject, six.string_types):
- subject = str(subject)
-
- lowered = subject.strip().lower()
-
- if lowered in TRUE_STRINGS:
- return True
- elif lowered in FALSE_STRINGS:
- return False
- elif strict:
- acceptable = ', '.join(
- "'%s'" % s for s in sorted(TRUE_STRINGS + FALSE_STRINGS))
- msg = _("Unrecognized value '%(val)s', acceptable values are:"
- " %(acceptable)s") % {'val': subject,
- 'acceptable': acceptable}
- raise ValueError(msg)
- else:
- return default
-
-
-def safe_decode(text, incoming=None, errors='strict'):
- """Decodes incoming text/bytes string using `incoming` if they're not
- already unicode.
-
- :param incoming: Text's current encoding
- :param errors: Errors handling policy. See here for valid
- values http://docs.python.org/2/library/codecs.html
- :returns: text or a unicode `incoming` encoded
- representation of it.
- :raises TypeError: If text is not an instance of str
- """
- if not isinstance(text, (six.string_types, six.binary_type)):
- raise TypeError("%s can't be decoded" % type(text))
-
- if isinstance(text, six.text_type):
- return text
-
- if not incoming:
- incoming = (sys.stdin.encoding or
- sys.getdefaultencoding())
-
- try:
- return text.decode(incoming, errors)
- except UnicodeDecodeError:
- # Note(flaper87) If we get here, it means that
- # sys.stdin.encoding / sys.getdefaultencoding
- # didn't return a suitable encoding to decode
- # text. This happens mostly when global LANG
- # var is not set correctly and there's no
- # default encoding. In this case, most likely
- # python will use ASCII or ANSI encoders as
- # default encodings but they won't be capable
- # of decoding non-ASCII characters.
- #
- # Also, UTF-8 is being used since it's an ASCII
- # extension.
- return text.decode('utf-8', errors)
-
-
-def safe_encode(text, incoming=None,
- encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'):
- """Encodes incoming text/bytes string using `encoding`.
-
- If incoming is not specified, text is expected to be encoded with
- current python's default encoding. (`sys.getdefaultencoding`)
-
- :param incoming: Text's current encoding
- :param encoding: Expected encoding for text (Default UTF-8)
- :param errors: Errors handling policy. See here for valid
- values http://docs.python.org/2/library/codecs.html
- :returns: text or a bytestring `encoding` encoded
- representation of it.
- :raises TypeError: If text is not an instance of str
- """
- if not isinstance(text, (six.string_types, six.binary_type)):
- raise TypeError("%s can't be encoded" % type(text))
-
- if not incoming:
- incoming = (sys.stdin.encoding or
- sys.getdefaultencoding())
-
- if isinstance(text, six.text_type):
- if six.PY3:
- return text.encode(encoding, errors).decode(incoming)
- else:
- return text.encode(encoding, errors)
- elif text and encoding != incoming:
- # Decode text before encoding it with `encoding`
- text = safe_decode(text, incoming, errors)
- if six.PY3:
- return text.encode(encoding, errors).decode(incoming)
- else:
- return text.encode(encoding, errors)
-
- return text
-
-
-def string_to_bytes(text, unit_system='IEC', return_int=False):
- """Converts a string into an float representation of bytes.
-
- The units supported for IEC ::
-
- Kb(it), Kib(it), Mb(it), Mib(it), Gb(it), Gib(it), Tb(it), Tib(it)
- KB, KiB, MB, MiB, GB, GiB, TB, TiB
-
- The units supported for SI ::
-
- kb(it), Mb(it), Gb(it), Tb(it)
- kB, MB, GB, TB
-
- Note that the SI unit system does not support capital letter 'K'
-
- :param text: String input for bytes size conversion.
- :param unit_system: Unit system for byte size conversion.
- :param return_int: If True, returns integer representation of text
- in bytes. (default: decimal)
- :returns: Numerical representation of text in bytes.
- :raises ValueError: If text has an invalid value.
-
- """
- try:
- base, reg_ex = UNIT_SYSTEM_INFO[unit_system]
- except KeyError:
- msg = _('Invalid unit system: "%s"') % unit_system
- raise ValueError(msg)
- match = reg_ex.match(text)
- if match:
- magnitude = float(match.group(1))
- unit_prefix = match.group(2)
- if match.group(3) in ['b', 'bit']:
- magnitude /= 8
- else:
- msg = _('Invalid string format: %s') % text
- raise ValueError(msg)
- if not unit_prefix:
- res = magnitude
- else:
- res = magnitude * pow(base, UNIT_PREFIX_EXPONENT[unit_prefix])
- if return_int:
- return int(math.ceil(res))
- return res
-
-
-def to_slug(value, incoming=None, errors="strict"):
- """Normalize string.
-
- Convert to lowercase, remove non-word characters, and convert spaces
- to hyphens.
-
- Inspired by Django's `slugify` filter.
-
- :param value: Text to slugify
- :param incoming: Text's current encoding
- :param errors: Errors handling policy. See here for valid
- values http://docs.python.org/2/library/codecs.html
- :returns: slugified unicode representation of `value`
- :raises TypeError: If text is not an instance of str
- """
- value = safe_decode(value, incoming, errors)
- # NOTE(aababilov): no need to use safe_(encode|decode) here:
- # encodings are always "ascii", error handling is always "ignore"
- # and types are always known (first: unicode; second: str)
- value = unicodedata.normalize("NFKD", value).encode(
- "ascii", "ignore").decode("ascii")
- value = SLUGIFY_STRIP_RE.sub("", value).strip().lower()
- return SLUGIFY_HYPHENATE_RE.sub("-", value)
diff --git a/tools/install_venv_common.py b/tools/install_venv_common.py
index 46822e32..e279159a 100644
--- a/tools/install_venv_common.py
+++ b/tools/install_venv_common.py
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class InstallVenv(object):
parser.add_option('-n', '--no-site-packages',
action='store_true',
help="Do not inherit packages from global Python "
- "install")
+ "install.")
return parser.parse_args(argv[1:])[0]