path: root/include/openflow/nicira-ext.h

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, 2010 Nicira Networks
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#ifndef OPENFLOW_NICIRA_EXT_H
#define OPENFLOW_NICIRA_EXT_H 1

#include "openflow/openflow.h"
#include "openvswitch/types.h"

/* The following vendor extensions, proposed by Nicira Networks, are not yet
 * standardized, so they are not included in openflow.h.  Some of them may be
 * suitable for standardization; others we never expect to standardize. */

#define NX_VENDOR_ID 0x00002320

/* Nicira vendor-specific error messages extension.
 *
 * OpenFlow 1.0 has a set of predefined error types (OFPET_*) and codes (which
 * are specific to each type).  It does not have any provision for
 * vendor-specific error codes, and it does not even provide "generic" error
 * codes that can apply to problems not anticipated by the OpenFlow
 * specification authors.
 *
 * This extension attempts to address the problem by adding a generic "error
 * vendor extension".  The extension works as follows: use NXET_VENDOR as type
 * and NXVC_VENDOR_CODE as code, followed by struct nx_vendor_error with
 * vendor-specific details, followed by at least 64 bytes of the failed
 * request.
 *
 * It would be better to have a type-specific vendor extension, e.g. so that
 * OFPET_BAD_ACTION could be used with vendor-specific code values.  But
 * OFPET_BAD_ACTION and most other standardized types already specify that
 * their 'data' values are (the start of) the OpenFlow message being replied
 * to, so there is no room to insert a vendor ID.
 *
 * Currently this extension is only implemented by Open vSwitch, but it seems
 * like a reasonable candidate for future standardization.
 */

/* This is a random number to avoid accidental collision with any other
 * vendor's extension. */
#define NXET_VENDOR 0xb0c2

/* ofp_error msg 'code' values for NXET_VENDOR. */
enum nx_vendor_code {
    NXVC_VENDOR_ERROR           /* 'data' contains struct nx_vendor_error. */
};

/* 'data' for 'type' == NXET_VENDOR, 'code' == NXVC_VENDOR_ERROR. */
struct nx_vendor_error {
    ovs_be32 vendor;            /* Vendor ID as in struct ofp_vendor_header. */
    ovs_be16 type;              /* Vendor-defined type. */
    ovs_be16 code;              /* Vendor-defined subtype. */
    /* Followed by at least the first 64 bytes of the failed request. */
};

/* Specific Nicira extension error numbers.
 *
 * These are the "code" values used in nx_vendor_error.  So far, the "type"
 * values in nx_vendor_error are the same as those in ofp_error_msg.  That is,
 * at Nicira so far we've only needed additional vendor-specific 'code' values,
 * so we're using the existing 'type' values to avoid having to invent new ones
 * that duplicate the current ones' meanings. */

/* Additional "code" values for OFPET_BAD_REQUEST. */
enum {
/* Nicira Extended Match (NXM) errors. */

    /* Generic error code used when there is an error in an NXM sent to the
     * switch.  The switch may use one of the more specific error codes below,
     * if there is an appropriate one, to simplify debugging, but it is not
     * required to do so. */
    NXBRC_NXM_INVALID = 0x100,

    /* The nxm_type, or nxm_type taken in combination with nxm_hasmask or
     * nxm_length or both, is invalid or not implemented. */
    NXBRC_NXM_BAD_TYPE = 0x101,

    /* Invalid nxm_value. */
    NXBRC_NXM_BAD_VALUE = 0x102,

    /* Invalid nxm_mask. */
    NXBRC_NXM_BAD_MASK = 0x103,

    /* A prerequisite was not met. */
    NXBRC_NXM_BAD_PREREQ = 0x104,

    /* A given nxm_type was specified more than once. */
    NXBRC_NXM_DUP_TYPE = 0x105
};

/* Additional "code" values for OFPET_FLOW_MOD_FAILED. */
enum {
    /* Generic hardware error. */
    NXFMFC_HARDWARE = 0x100,

    /* A nonexistent table ID was specified in the "command" field of struct
     * ofp_flow_mod, when the nxt_flow_mod_table_id extension is enabled.
     * (This extension is not yet implemented on this branch of Open
     * vSwitch.) */
    NXFMFC_BAD_TABLE_ID = 0x101
};

/* Nicira vendor requests and replies. */

/* Header for Nicira vendor requests and replies. */
struct nicira_header {
    struct ofp_header header;
    ovs_be32 vendor;            /* NX_VENDOR_ID. */
    ovs_be32 subtype;           /* One of NXT_* below. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nicira_header) == 16);

/* Values for the 'subtype' member of struct nicira_header. */
enum nicira_type {
    /* Switch status request.  The request body is an ASCII string that
     * specifies a prefix of the key names to include in the output; if it is
     * the null string, then all key-value pairs are included. */
    NXT_STATUS_REQUEST,

    /* Switch status reply.  The reply body is an ASCII string of key-value
     * pairs in the form "key=value\n". */
    NXT_STATUS_REPLY,

    /* No longer used. */
    NXT_ACT_SET_CONFIG__OBSOLETE,
    NXT_ACT_GET_CONFIG__OBSOLETE,
    NXT_COMMAND_REQUEST__OBSOLETE,
    NXT_COMMAND_REPLY__OBSOLETE,
    NXT_FLOW_END_CONFIG__OBSOLETE,
    NXT_FLOW_END__OBSOLETE,
    NXT_MGMT__OBSOLETE,

    /* Use the high 32 bits of the cookie field as the tunnel ID in the flow
     * match. */
    NXT_TUN_ID_FROM_COOKIE,

    /* Controller role support.  The request body is struct nx_role_request.
     * The reply echos the request. */
    NXT_ROLE_REQUEST,
    NXT_ROLE_REPLY,

    /* Flexible flow specification (aka NXM = Nicira Extended Match). */
    NXT_SET_FLOW_FORMAT,        /* Set flow format. */
    NXT_FLOW_MOD,               /* Analogous to OFPT_FLOW_MOD. */
    NXT_FLOW_REMOVED            /* Analogous to OFPT_FLOW_REMOVED. */
};

/* Header for Nicira vendor stats request and reply messages. */
struct nicira_stats_msg {
    struct ofp_header header;   /* OFPT_STATS_REQUEST or OFPT_STATS_REPLY. */
    ovs_be16 type;              /* OFPST_VENDOR. */
    ovs_be16 flags;             /* OFPSF_{REQ,REPLY}_*. */
    ovs_be32 vendor;            /* NX_VENDOR_ID. */
    ovs_be32 subtype;           /* One of NXST_* below. */
    uint8_t pad[4];             /* Align to 64-bits. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nicira_stats_msg) == 24);

/* Values for the 'subtype' member of struct nicira_stats_msg. */
enum nicira_stats_type {
    /* Flexible flow specification (aka NXM = Nicira Extended Match). */
    NXST_FLOW,                  /* Analogous to OFPST_FLOW. */
    NXST_AGGREGATE              /* Analogous to OFPST_AGGREGATE. */
};

/* NXT_TUN_ID_FROM_COOKIE request. */
struct nxt_tun_id_cookie {
    struct ofp_header header;
    uint32_t vendor;            /* NX_VENDOR_ID. */
    uint32_t subtype;           /* NXT_TUN_ID_FROM_COOKIE */
    uint8_t set;                /* Nonzero to enable, zero to disable. */
    uint8_t pad[7];
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nxt_tun_id_cookie) == 24);

/* Configures the "role" of the sending controller.  The default role is:
 *
 *    - Other (NX_ROLE_OTHER), which allows the controller access to all
 *      OpenFlow features.
 *
 * The other possible roles are a related pair:
 *
 *    - Master (NX_ROLE_MASTER) is equivalent to Other, except that there may
 *      be at most one Master controller at a time: when a controller
 *      configures itself as Master, any existing Master is demoted to the
 *      Slave role.
 *
 *    - Slave (NX_ROLE_SLAVE) allows the controller read-only access to
 *      OpenFlow features.  In particular attempts to modify the flow table
 *      will be rejected with an OFPBRC_EPERM error.
 *
 *      Slave controllers do not receive OFPT_PACKET_IN or OFPT_FLOW_REMOVED
 *      messages, but they do receive OFPT_PORT_STATUS messages.
 */
struct nx_role_request {
    struct nicira_header nxh;
    uint32_t role;              /* One of NX_ROLE_*. */
};

enum nx_role {
    NX_ROLE_OTHER,              /* Default role, full access. */
    NX_ROLE_MASTER,             /* Full access, at most one. */
    NX_ROLE_SLAVE               /* Read-only access. */
};

/* Nicira vendor flow actions. */

enum nx_action_subtype {
    NXAST_SNAT__OBSOLETE,       /* No longer used. */
    NXAST_RESUBMIT,             /* struct nx_action_resubmit */
    NXAST_SET_TUNNEL,           /* struct nx_action_set_tunnel */
    NXAST_DROP_SPOOFED_ARP,     /* struct nx_action_drop_spoofed_arp */
    NXAST_SET_QUEUE,            /* struct nx_action_set_queue */
    NXAST_POP_QUEUE,            /* struct nx_action_pop_queue */
    NXAST_REG_MOVE,             /* struct nx_action_reg_move */
    NXAST_REG_LOAD,             /* struct nx_action_reg_load */
    NXAST_NOTE                  /* struct nx_action_note */
};

/* Header for Nicira-defined actions. */
struct nx_action_header {
    uint16_t type;                  /* OFPAT_VENDOR. */
    uint16_t len;                   /* Length is 16. */
    uint32_t vendor;                /* NX_VENDOR_ID. */
    uint16_t subtype;               /* NXAST_*. */
    uint8_t pad[6];
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_action_header) == 16);

/* Action structure for NXAST_RESUBMIT.
 *
 * NXAST_RESUBMIT searches the flow table again, using a flow that is slightly
 * modified from the original lookup:
 *
 *    - The 'in_port' member of struct nx_action_resubmit is used as the flow's
 *      in_port.
 *
 *    - If NXAST_RESUBMIT is preceded by actions that affect the flow
 *      (e.g. OFPAT_SET_VLAN_VID), then the flow is updated with the new
 *      values.
 *
 * Following the lookup, the original in_port is restored.
 *
 * If the modified flow matched in the flow table, then the corresponding
 * actions are executed.  Afterward, actions following NXAST_RESUBMIT in the
 * original set of actions, if any, are executed; any changes made to the
 * packet (e.g. changes to VLAN) by secondary actions persist when those
 * actions are executed, although the original in_port is restored.
 *
 * NXAST_RESUBMIT may be used any number of times within a set of actions.
 *
 * NXAST_RESUBMIT may nest to an implementation-defined depth.  Beyond this
 * implementation-defined depth, further NXAST_RESUBMIT actions are simply
 * ignored.  (Open vSwitch 1.0.1 and earlier did not support recursion.)
 */
struct nx_action_resubmit {
    uint16_t type;                  /* OFPAT_VENDOR. */
    uint16_t len;                   /* Length is 16. */
    uint32_t vendor;                /* NX_VENDOR_ID. */
    uint16_t subtype;               /* NXAST_RESUBMIT. */
    uint16_t in_port;               /* New in_port for checking flow table. */
    uint8_t pad[4];
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_action_resubmit) == 16);

/* Action structure for NXAST_SET_TUNNEL.
 *
 * Sets the encapsulating tunnel ID. */
struct nx_action_set_tunnel {
    uint16_t type;                  /* OFPAT_VENDOR. */
    uint16_t len;                   /* Length is 16. */
    uint32_t vendor;                /* NX_VENDOR_ID. */
    uint16_t subtype;               /* NXAST_SET_TUNNEL. */
    uint8_t pad[2];
    uint32_t tun_id;                /* Tunnel ID. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_action_set_tunnel) == 16);

/* Action structure for NXAST_DROP_SPOOFED_ARP.
 *
 * Stops processing further actions, if the packet being processed is an
 * Ethernet+IPv4 ARP packet for which the source Ethernet address inside the
 * ARP packet differs from the source Ethernet address in the Ethernet header.
 *
 * This is useful because OpenFlow does not provide a way to match on the
 * Ethernet addresses inside ARP packets, so there is no other way to drop
 * spoofed ARPs other than sending every ARP packet to a controller. */
struct nx_action_drop_spoofed_arp {
    uint16_t type;                  /* OFPAT_VENDOR. */
    uint16_t len;                   /* Length is 16. */
    uint32_t vendor;                /* NX_VENDOR_ID. */
    uint16_t subtype;               /* NXAST_DROP_SPOOFED_ARP. */
    uint8_t pad[6];
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_action_drop_spoofed_arp) == 16);

/* Action structure for NXAST_SET_QUEUE.
 *
 * Set the queue that should be used when packets are output.  This is similar
 * to the OpenFlow OFPAT_ENQUEUE action, but does not take the output port as
 * an argument.  This allows the queue to be defined before the port is
 * known. */
struct nx_action_set_queue {
    uint16_t type;                  /* OFPAT_VENDOR. */
    uint16_t len;                   /* Length is 16. */
    uint32_t vendor;                /* NX_VENDOR_ID. */
    uint16_t subtype;               /* NXAST_SET_QUEUE. */
    uint8_t pad[2];
    uint32_t queue_id;              /* Where to enqueue packets. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_action_set_queue) == 16);

/* Action structure for NXAST_POP_QUEUE.
 *
 * Restores the queue to the value it was before any NXAST_SET_QUEUE actions
 * were used.  Only the original queue can be restored this way; no stack is
 * maintained. */
struct nx_action_pop_queue {
    uint16_t type;                  /* OFPAT_VENDOR. */
    uint16_t len;                   /* Length is 16. */
    uint32_t vendor;                /* NX_VENDOR_ID. */
    uint16_t subtype;               /* NXAST_POP_QUEUE. */
    uint8_t pad[6];
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_action_pop_queue) == 16);

/* Action structure for NXAST_REG_MOVE.
 *
 * Copies src[src_ofs:src_ofs+n_bits] to dst[dst_ofs:dst_ofs+n_bits], where
 * a[b:c] denotes the bits within 'a' numbered 'b' through 'c' (not including
 * bit 'c').  Bit numbering starts at 0 for the least-significant bit, 1 for
 * the next most significant bit, and so on.
 *
 * 'src' and 'dst' are nxm_header values with nxm_hasmask=0.  (It doesn't make
 * sense to use nxm_hasmask=1 because the action does not do any kind of
 * matching; it uses the actual value of a field.)
 *
 * The following nxm_header values are potentially acceptable as 'src':
 *
 *   - NXM_OF_IN_PORT
 *   - NXM_OF_ETH_DST
 *   - NXM_OF_ETH_SRC
 *   - NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE
 *   - NXM_OF_VLAN_TCI
 *   - NXM_OF_IP_TOS
 *   - NXM_OF_IP_PROTO
 *   - NXM_OF_IP_SRC
 *   - NXM_OF_IP_DST
 *   - NXM_OF_TCP_SRC
 *   - NXM_OF_TCP_DST
 *   - NXM_OF_UDP_SRC
 *   - NXM_OF_UDP_DST
 *   - NXM_OF_ICMP_TYPE
 *   - NXM_OF_ICMP_CODE
 *   - NXM_OF_ARP_OP
 *   - NXM_OF_ARP_SPA
 *   - NXM_OF_ARP_TPA
 *   - NXM_NX_TUN_ID
 *   - NXM_NX_REG(idx) for idx in the switch's accepted range.
 *
 * The following nxm_header values are potentially acceptable as 'dst':
 *
 *   - NXM_NX_REG(idx) for idx in the switch's accepted range.
 *
 *   - NXM_OF_VLAN_TCI.  Modifying this field's value has side effects on the
 *     packet's 802.1Q header.  Setting a value with CFI=0 removes the 802.1Q
 *     header (if any), ignoring the other bits.  Setting a value with CFI=1
 *     adds or modifies the 802.1Q header appropriately, setting the TCI field
 *     to the field's new value (with the CFI bit masked out).
 *
 *   - NXM_NX_TUN_ID.  Modifying this value modifies the tunnel ID used for the
 *     packet's next tunnel encapsulation.
 *
 * A given nxm_header value may be used as 'src' or 'dst' only on a flow whose
 * nx_match satisfies its prerequisites.  For example, NXM_OF_IP_TOS may be
 * used only if the flow's nx_match includes an nxm_entry that specifies
 * nxm_type=NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE, nxm_hasmask=0, and nxm_value=0x0800.
 *
 * The switch will reject actions for which src_ofs+n_bits is greater than the
 * width of 'src' or dst_ofs+n_bits is greater than the width of 'dst' with
 * error type OFPET_BAD_ACTION, code OFPBAC_BAD_ARGUMENT.
 */
struct nx_action_reg_move {
    ovs_be16 type;                  /* OFPAT_VENDOR. */
    ovs_be16 len;                   /* Length is 16. */
    ovs_be32 vendor;                /* NX_VENDOR_ID. */
    ovs_be16 subtype;               /* NXAST_REG_MOVE. */
    ovs_be16 n_bits;                /* Number of bits. */
    ovs_be16 src_ofs;               /* Starting bit offset in source. */
    ovs_be16 dst_ofs;               /* Starting bit offset in destination. */
    ovs_be32 src;                   /* Source register. */
    ovs_be32 dst;                   /* Destination register. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_action_reg_move) == 24);

/* Action structure for NXAST_REG_LOAD.
 *
 * Copies value[0:n_bits] to dst[ofs:ofs+n_bits], where a[b:c] denotes the bits
 * within 'a' numbered 'b' through 'c' (not including bit 'c').  Bit numbering
 * starts at 0 for the least-significant bit, 1 for the next most significant
 * bit, and so on.
 *
 * 'dst' is an nxm_header with nxm_hasmask=0.  It must be one of the following:
 *
 *   - NXM_NX_REG(idx) for idx in the switch's accepted range.
 *
 * The 'ofs' and 'n_bits' fields are combined into a single 'ofs_nbits' field
 * to avoid enlarging the structure by another 8 bytes.  To allow 'n_bits' to
 * take a value between 1 and 64 (inclusive) while taking up only 6 bits, it is
 * also stored as one less than its true value:
 *
 *  15                           6 5                0
 * +------------------------------+------------------+
 * |              ofs             |    n_bits - 1    |
 * +------------------------------+------------------+
 *
 * The switch will reject actions for which ofs+n_bits is greater than the
 * width of 'dst', or in which any bits in 'value' with value 2**n_bits or
 * greater are set to 1, with error type OFPET_BAD_ACTION, code
 * OFPBAC_BAD_ARGUMENT.
 */
struct nx_action_reg_load {
    ovs_be16 type;                  /* OFPAT_VENDOR. */
    ovs_be16 len;                   /* Length is 16. */
    ovs_be32 vendor;                /* NX_VENDOR_ID. */
    ovs_be16 subtype;               /* NXAST_REG_LOAD. */
    ovs_be16 ofs_nbits;             /* (ofs << 6) | (n_bits - 1). */
    ovs_be32 dst;                   /* Destination register. */
    ovs_be64 value;                 /* Immediate value. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_action_reg_load) == 24);

/* Action structure for NXAST_NOTE.
 *
 * This action has no effect.  It is variable length.  The switch does not
 * attempt to interpret the user-defined 'note' data in any way.  A controller
 * can use this action to attach arbitrary metadata to a flow.
 *
 * This action might go away in the future.
 */
struct nx_action_note {
    uint16_t type;                  /* OFPAT_VENDOR. */
    uint16_t len;                   /* A multiple of 8, but at least 16. */
    uint32_t vendor;                /* NX_VENDOR_ID. */
    uint16_t subtype;               /* NXAST_NOTE. */
    uint8_t note[6];                /* Start of user-defined data. */
    /* Possibly followed by additional user-defined data. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_action_note) == 16);

/* Wildcard for tunnel ID. */
#define NXFW_TUN_ID  (1 << 25)

#define NXFW_ALL NXFW_TUN_ID
#define OVSFW_ALL (OFPFW_ALL | NXFW_ALL)

/* Flexible flow specifications (aka NXM = Nicira Extended Match).
 *
 * OpenFlow 1.0 has "struct ofp_match" for specifying flow matches.  This
 * structure is fixed-length and hence difficult to extend.  This section
 * describes a more flexible, variable-length flow match, called "nx_match" for
 * short, that is also supported by Open vSwitch.  This section also defines a
 * replacement for each OpenFlow message that includes struct ofp_match.
 *
 *
 * Format
 * ======
 *
 * An nx_match is a sequence of zero or more "nxm_entry"s, which are
 * type-length-value (TLV) entries, each 5 to 259 (inclusive) bytes long.
 * "nxm_entry"s are not aligned on or padded to any multibyte boundary.  The
 * first 4 bytes of an nxm_entry are its "header", followed by the entry's
 * "body".
 *
 * An nxm_entry's header is interpreted as a 32-bit word in network byte order:
 *
 * |<-------------------- nxm_type ------------------>|
 * |                                                  |
 * |31                              16 15            9| 8 7                0
 * +----------------------------------+---------------+--+------------------+
 * |            nxm_vendor            |   nxm_field   |hm|    nxm_length    |
 * +----------------------------------+---------------+--+------------------+
 *
 * The most-significant 23 bits of the header are collectively "nxm_type".
 * Bits 16...31 are "nxm_vendor", one of the NXM_VENDOR_* values below.  Bits
 * 9...15 are "nxm_field", which is a vendor-specific value.  nxm_type normally
 * designates a protocol header, such as the Ethernet type, but it can also
 * refer to packet metadata, such as the switch port on which a packet arrived.
 *
 * Bit 8 is "nxm_hasmask" (labeled "hm" above for space reasons).  The meaning
 * of this bit is explained later.
 *
 * The least-significant 8 bits are "nxm_length", a positive integer.  The
 * length of the nxm_entry, including the header, is exactly 4 + nxm_length
 * bytes.
 *
 * For a given nxm_vendor, nxm_field, and nxm_hasmask value, nxm_length is a
 * constant.  It is included only to allow software to minimally parse
 * "nxm_entry"s of unknown types.  (Similarly, for a given nxm_vendor,
 * nxm_field, and nxm_length, nxm_hasmask is a constant.)
 *
 *
 * Semantics
 * =========
 *
 * A zero-length nx_match (one with no "nxm_entry"s) matches every packet.
 *
 * An nxm_entry places a constraint on the packets matched by the nx_match:
 *
 *   - If nxm_hasmask is 0, the nxm_entry's body contains a value for the
 *     field, called "nxm_value".  The nx_match matches only packets in which
 *     the field equals nxm_value.
 *
 *   - If nxm_hasmask is 1, then the nxm_entry's body contains a value for the
 *     field (nxm_value), followed by a bitmask of the same length as the
 *     value, called "nxm_mask".  For each 1-bit in position J in nxm_mask, the
 *     nx_match matches only packets for which bit J in the given field's value
 *     matches bit J in nxm_value.  A 0-bit in nxm_mask causes the
 *     corresponding bits in nxm_value and the field's value to be ignored.
 *     (The sense of the nxm_mask bits is the opposite of that used by the
 *     "wildcards" member of struct ofp_match.)
 *
 *     When nxm_hasmask is 1, nxm_length is always even.
 *
 *     An all-zero-bits nxm_mask is equivalent to omitting the nxm_entry
 *     entirely.  An all-one-bits nxm_mask is equivalent to specifying 0 for
 *     nxm_hasmask.
 *
 * When there are multiple "nxm_entry"s, all of the constraints must be met.
 *
 *
 * Mask Restrictions
 * =================
 *
 * Masks may be restricted:
 *
 *   - Some nxm_types may not support masked wildcards, that is, nxm_hasmask
 *     must always be 0 when these fields are specified.  For example, the
 *     field that identifies the port on which a packet was received may not be
 *     masked.
 *
 *   - Some nxm_types that do support masked wildcards may only support certain
 *     nxm_mask patterns.  For example, fields that have IPv4 address values
 *     may be restricted to CIDR masks.
 *
 * These restrictions should be noted in specifications for individual fields.
 * A switch may accept an nxm_hasmask or nxm_mask value that the specification
 * disallows, if the switch correctly implements support for that nxm_hasmask
 * or nxm_mask value.  A switch must reject an attempt to set up a flow that
 * contains a nxm_hasmask or nxm_mask value that it does not support.
 *
 *
 * Prerequisite Restrictions
 * =========================
 *
 * The presence of an nxm_entry with a given nxm_type may be restricted based
 * on the presence of or values of other "nxm_entry"s.  For example:
 *
 *   - An nxm_entry for nxm_type=NXM_OF_IP_TOS is allowed only if it is
 *     preceded by another entry with nxm_type=NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE, nxm_hasmask=0,
 *     and nxm_value=0x0800.  That is, matching on the IP source address is
 *     allowed only if the Ethernet type is explicitly set to IP.
 *
 *   - An nxm_entry for nxm_type=NXM_OF_TCP_SRC is allowed only if it is preced
 *     by an entry with nxm_type=NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE, nxm_hasmask=0,
 *     nxm_value=0x0800 and another with nxm_type=NXM_OF_IP_PROTO,
 *     nxm_hasmask=0, nxm_value=6, in that order.  That is, matching on the TCP
 *     source port is allowed only if the Ethernet type is IP and the IP
 *     protocol is TCP.
 *
 * These restrictions should be noted in specifications for individual fields.
 * A switch may implement relaxed versions of these restrictions.  A switch
 * must reject an attempt to set up a flow that violates its restrictions.
 *
 *
 * Ordering Restrictions
 * =====================
 *
 * An nxm_entry that has prerequisite restrictions must appear after the
 * "nxm_entry"s for its prerequisites.  Ordering of "nxm_entry"s within an
 * nx_match is not otherwise constrained.
 *
 * Any given nxm_type may appear in an nx_match at most once.
 *
 *
 * nxm_entry Examples
 * ==================
 *
 * These examples show the format of a single nxm_entry with particular
 * nxm_hasmask and nxm_length values.  The diagrams are labeled with field
 * numbers and byte indexes.
 *
 *
 * 8-bit nxm_value, nxm_hasmask=1, nxm_length=1:
 *
 *  0          3  4   5
 * +------------+---+---+
 * |   header   | v | m |
 * +------------+---+---+
 *
 *
 * 16-bit nxm_value, nxm_hasmask=0, nxm_length=2:
 *
 *  0          3 4    5
 * +------------+------+
 * |   header   | value|
 * +------------+------+
 *
 *
 * 32-bit nxm_value, nxm_hasmask=0, nxm_length=4:
 *
 *  0          3 4           7
 * +------------+-------------+
 * |   header   |  nxm_value  |
 * +------------+-------------+
 *
 *
 * 48-bit nxm_value, nxm_hasmask=0, nxm_length=6:
 *
 *  0          3 4                9
 * +------------+------------------+
 * |   header   |     nxm_value    |
 * +------------+------------------+
 *
 *
 * 48-bit nxm_value, nxm_hasmask=1, nxm_length=12:
 *
 *  0          3 4                9 10              15
 * +------------+------------------+------------------+
 * |   header   |     nxm_value    |      nxm_mask    |
 * +------------+------------------+------------------+
 *
 *
 * Error Reporting
 * ===============
 *
 * A switch should report an error in an nx_match using error type
 * OFPET_BAD_REQUEST and one of the NXBRC_NXM_* codes.  Ideally the switch
 * should report a specific error code, if one is assigned for the particular
 * problem, but NXBRC_NXM_INVALID is also available to report a generic
 * nx_match error.
 */

#define NXM_HEADER__(VENDOR, FIELD, HASMASK, LENGTH) \
    (((VENDOR) << 16) | ((FIELD) << 9) | ((HASMASK) << 8) | (LENGTH))
#define NXM_HEADER(VENDOR, FIELD, LENGTH) \
    NXM_HEADER__(VENDOR, FIELD, 0, LENGTH)
#define NXM_HEADER_W(VENDOR, FIELD, LENGTH) \
    NXM_HEADER__(VENDOR, FIELD, 1, (LENGTH) * 2)
#define NXM_VENDOR(HEADER) ((HEADER) >> 16)
#define NXM_FIELD(HEADER) (((HEADER) >> 9) & 0x7f)
#define NXM_TYPE(HEADER) (((HEADER) >> 9) & 0x7fffff)
#define NXM_HASMASK(HEADER) (((HEADER) >> 8) & 1)
#define NXM_LENGTH(HEADER) ((HEADER) & 0xff)

#define NXM_MAKE_WILD_HEADER(HEADER) \
        NXM_HEADER_W(NXM_VENDOR(HEADER), NXM_FIELD(HEADER), NXM_LENGTH(HEADER))

/* ## ------------------------------- ## */
/* ## OpenFlow 1.0-compatible fields. ## */
/* ## ------------------------------- ## */

/* Physical or virtual port on which the packet was received.
 *
 * Prereqs: None.
 *
 * Format: 16-bit integer in network byte order.
 *
 * Masking: Not maskable. */
#define NXM_OF_IN_PORT    NXM_HEADER  (0x0000,  0, 2)

/* Source or destination address in Ethernet header.
 *
 * Prereqs: None.
 *
 * Format: 48-bit Ethernet MAC address.
 *
 * Masking: The nxm_mask patterns 01:00:00:00:00:00 and FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF must
 *   be supported for NXM_OF_ETH_DST_W (as well as the trivial patterns that
 *   are all-0-bits or all-1-bits).  Support for other patterns and for masking
 *   of NXM_OF_ETH_SRC is optional. */
#define NXM_OF_ETH_DST    NXM_HEADER  (0x0000,  1, 6)
#define NXM_OF_ETH_DST_W  NXM_HEADER_W(0x0000,  1, 6)
#define NXM_OF_ETH_SRC    NXM_HEADER  (0x0000,  2, 6)

/* Packet's Ethernet type.
 *
 * For an Ethernet II packet this is taken from the Ethernet header.  For an
 * 802.2 LLC+SNAP header with OUI 00-00-00 this is taken from the SNAP header.
 * A packet that has neither format has value 0x05ff
 * (OFP_DL_TYPE_NOT_ETH_TYPE).
 *
 * For a packet with an 802.1Q header, this is the type of the encapsulated
 * frame.
 *
 * Prereqs: None.
 *
 * Format: 16-bit integer in network byte order.
 *
 * Masking: Not maskable. */
#define NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE   NXM_HEADER  (0x0000,  3, 2)

/* 802.1Q TCI.
 *
 * For a packet with an 802.1Q header, this is the Tag Control Information
 * (TCI) field, with the CFI bit forced to 1.  For a packet with no 802.1Q
 * header, this has value 0.
 *
 * Prereqs: None.
 *
 * Format: 16-bit integer in network byte order.
 *
 * Masking: Arbitrary masks.
 *
 * This field can be used in various ways:
 *
 *   - If it is not constrained at all, the nx_match matches packets without
 *     an 802.1Q header or with an 802.1Q header that has any TCI value.
 *
 *   - Testing for an exact match with 0 matches only packets without an
 *     802.1Q header.
 *
 *   - Testing for an exact match with a TCI value with CFI=1 matches packets
 *     that have an 802.1Q header with a specified VID and PCP.
 *
 *   - Testing for an exact match with a nonzero TCI value with CFI=0 does
 *     not make sense.  The switch may reject this combination.
 *
 *   - Testing with a specific VID and CFI=1, with nxm_mask=0x1fff, matches
 *     packets that have an 802.1Q header with that VID (and any PCP).
 *
 *   - Testing with a specific PCP and CFI=1, with nxm_mask=0xf000, matches
 *     packets that have an 802.1Q header with that PCP (and any VID).
 *
 *   - Testing with nxm_value=0, nxm_mask=0xe000 matches packets with no 802.1Q
 *     header or with an 802.1Q header with a VID of 0.
 */
#define NXM_OF_VLAN_TCI   NXM_HEADER  (0x0000,  4, 2)
#define NXM_OF_VLAN_TCI_W NXM_HEADER_W(0x0000,  4, 2)

/* The "type of service" byte of the IP header, with the ECN bits forced to 0.
 *
 * Prereqs: NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE must match 0x0800 exactly.
 *
 * Format: 8-bit integer with 2 least-significant bits forced to 0.
 *
 * Masking: Not maskable. */
#define NXM_OF_IP_TOS     NXM_HEADER  (0x0000,  5, 1)

/* The "protocol" byte in the IP header.
 *
 * Prereqs: NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE must match 0x0800 exactly.
 *
 * Format: 8-bit integer.
 *
 * Masking: Not maskable. */
#define NXM_OF_IP_PROTO   NXM_HEADER  (0x0000,  6, 1)

/* The source or destination address in the IP header.
 *
 * Prereqs: NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE must match 0x0800 exactly.
 *
 * Format: 32-bit integer in network byte order.
 *
 * Masking: Only CIDR masks are allowed, that is, masks that consist of N
 *   high-order bits set to 1 and the other 32-N bits set to 0. */
#define NXM_OF_IP_SRC     NXM_HEADER  (0x0000,  7, 4)
#define NXM_OF_IP_SRC_W   NXM_HEADER_W(0x0000,  7, 4)
#define NXM_OF_IP_DST     NXM_HEADER  (0x0000,  8, 4)
#define NXM_OF_IP_DST_W   NXM_HEADER_W(0x0000,  8, 4)

/* The source or destination port in the TCP header.
 *
 * Prereqs:
 *   NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE must match 0x0800 exactly.
 *   NXM_OF_IP_PROTO must match 6 exactly.
 *
 * Format: 16-bit integer in network byte order.
 *
 * Masking: Not maskable. */
#define NXM_OF_TCP_SRC    NXM_HEADER  (0x0000,  9, 2)
#define NXM_OF_TCP_DST    NXM_HEADER  (0x0000, 10, 2)

/* The source or destination port in the UDP header.
 *
 * Prereqs:
 *   NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE must match 0x0800 exactly.
 *   NXM_OF_IP_PROTO must match 17 exactly.
 *
 * Format: 16-bit integer in network byte order.
 *
 * Masking: Not maskable. */
#define NXM_OF_UDP_SRC    NXM_HEADER  (0x0000, 11, 2)
#define NXM_OF_UDP_DST    NXM_HEADER  (0x0000, 12, 2)

/* The type or code in the ICMP header.
 *
 * Prereqs:
 *   NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE must match 0x0800 exactly.
 *   NXM_OF_IP_PROTO must match 1 exactly.
 *
 * Format: 8-bit integer.
 *
 * Masking: Not maskable. */
#define NXM_OF_ICMP_TYPE  NXM_HEADER  (0x0000, 13, 1)
#define NXM_OF_ICMP_CODE  NXM_HEADER  (0x0000, 14, 1)

/* ARP opcode.
 *
 * For an Ethernet+IP ARP packet, the opcode in the ARP header.  Always 0
 * otherwise.  Only ARP opcodes between 1 and 255 should be specified for
 * matching.
 *
 * Prereqs: NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE must match 0x0806 exactly.
 *
 * Format: 16-bit integer in network byte order.
 *
 * Masking: Not maskable. */
#define NXM_OF_ARP_OP     NXM_HEADER  (0x0000, 15, 2)

/* For an Ethernet+IP ARP packet, the source or target protocol address
 * in the ARP header.  Always 0 otherwise.
 *
 * Prereqs: NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE must match 0x0806 exactly.
 *
 * Format: 32-bit integer in network byte order.
 *
 * Masking: Only CIDR masks are allowed, that is, masks that consist of N
 *   high-order bits set to 1 and the other 32-N bits set to 0. */
#define NXM_OF_ARP_SPA    NXM_HEADER  (0x0000, 16, 4)
#define NXM_OF_ARP_SPA_W  NXM_HEADER_W(0x0000, 16, 4)
#define NXM_OF_ARP_TPA    NXM_HEADER  (0x0000, 17, 4)
#define NXM_OF_ARP_TPA_W  NXM_HEADER_W(0x0000, 17, 4)

/* ## ------------------------ ## */
/* ## Nicira match extensions. ## */
/* ## ------------------------ ## */

/* Metadata registers.
 *
 * Registers initially have value 0.  Actions allow register values to be
 * manipulated.
 *
 * Prereqs: None.
 *
 * Format: Array of 32-bit integer registers.  Space is reserved for up to
 *   NXM_NX_MAX_REGS registers, but switches may implement fewer.
 *
 * Masking: Arbitrary masks. */
#define NXM_NX_MAX_REGS 16
#define NXM_NX_REG(IDX)   NXM_HEADER  (0x0001, IDX, 4)
#define NXM_NX_REG_W(IDX) NXM_HEADER_W(0x0001, IDX, 4)
#define NXM_NX_REG_IDX(HEADER) NXM_FIELD(HEADER)
#define NXM_IS_NX_REG(HEADER) (!((((HEADER) ^ NXM_NX_REG0)) & 0xffffe1ff))
#define NXM_IS_NX_REG_W(HEADER) (!((((HEADER) ^ NXM_NX_REG0_W)) & 0xffffe1ff))
#define NXM_NX_REG0       NXM_HEADER  (0x0001, 0, 4)
#define NXM_NX_REG0_W     NXM_HEADER_W(0x0001, 0, 4)
#define NXM_NX_REG1       NXM_HEADER  (0x0001, 1, 4)
#define NXM_NX_REG1_W     NXM_HEADER_W(0x0001, 1, 4)
#define NXM_NX_REG2       NXM_HEADER  (0x0001, 2, 4)
#define NXM_NX_REG2_W     NXM_HEADER_W(0x0001, 2, 4)
#define NXM_NX_REG3       NXM_HEADER  (0x0001, 3, 4)
#define NXM_NX_REG3_W     NXM_HEADER_W(0x0001, 3, 4)

/* Tunnel ID.
 *
 * For a packet received via GRE tunnel including a (32-bit) key, the key is
 * stored in the low 32-bits and the high bits are zeroed.  For other packets,
 * the value is 0.
 *
 * Prereqs: None.
 *
 * Format: 64-bit integer in network byte order.
 *
 * Masking: Arbitrary masks. */
#define NXM_NX_TUN_ID     NXM_HEADER  (0x0001, 16, 8)
#define NXM_NX_TUN_ID_W   NXM_HEADER_W(0x0001, 16, 8)

/* ## --------------------- ## */
/* ## Requests and replies. ## */
/* ## --------------------- ## */

enum nx_flow_format {
    NXFF_OPENFLOW10 = 0,         /* Standard OpenFlow 1.0 compatible. */
    NXFF_TUN_ID_FROM_COOKIE = 1, /* OpenFlow 1.0, plus obtain tunnel ID from
                                  * cookie. */
    NXFF_NXM = 2                 /* Nicira extended match. */
};

/* NXT_SET_FLOW_FORMAT request. */
struct nxt_set_flow_format {
    struct ofp_header header;
    ovs_be32 vendor;            /* NX_VENDOR_ID. */
    ovs_be32 subtype;           /* NXT_SET_FLOW_FORMAT. */
    ovs_be32 format;            /* One of NXFF_*. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nxt_set_flow_format) == 20);

/* NXT_FLOW_MOD (analogous to OFPT_FLOW_MOD). */
struct nx_flow_mod {
    struct nicira_header nxh;
    ovs_be64 cookie;              /* Opaque controller-issued identifier. */
    ovs_be16 command;             /* One of OFPFC_*. */
    ovs_be16 idle_timeout;        /* Idle time before discarding (seconds). */
    ovs_be16 hard_timeout;        /* Max time before discarding (seconds). */
    ovs_be16 priority;            /* Priority level of flow entry. */
    ovs_be32 buffer_id;           /* Buffered packet to apply to (or -1).
                                     Not meaningful for OFPFC_DELETE*. */
    ovs_be16 out_port;            /* For OFPFC_DELETE* commands, require
                                     matching entries to include this as an
                                     output port.  A value of OFPP_NONE
                                     indicates no restriction. */
    ovs_be16 flags;               /* One of OFPFF_*. */
    ovs_be16 match_len;           /* Size of nx_match. */
    uint8_t pad[6];               /* Align to 64-bits. */
    /* Followed by:
     *   - Exactly match_len (possibly 0) bytes containing the nx_match, then
     *   - Exactly (match_len + 7)/8*8 - match_len (between 0 and 7) bytes of
     *     all-zero bytes, then
     *   - Actions to fill out the remainder of the message length (always a
     *     multiple of 8).
     */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_flow_mod) == 48);

/* NXT_FLOW_REMOVED (analogous to OFPT_FLOW_REMOVED). */
struct nx_flow_removed {
    struct nicira_header nxh;
    ovs_be64 cookie;          /* Opaque controller-issued identifier. */
    ovs_be16 priority;        /* Priority level of flow entry. */
    uint8_t reason;           /* One of OFPRR_*. */
    uint8_t pad[1];           /* Align to 32-bits. */
    ovs_be32 duration_sec;    /* Time flow was alive in seconds. */
    ovs_be32 duration_nsec;   /* Time flow was alive in nanoseconds beyond
                                 duration_sec. */
    ovs_be16 idle_timeout;    /* Idle timeout from original flow mod. */
    ovs_be16 match_len;       /* Size of nx_match. */
    ovs_be64 packet_count;
    ovs_be64 byte_count;
    /* Followed by:
     *   - Exactly match_len (possibly 0) bytes containing the nx_match, then
     *   - Exactly (match_len + 7)/8*8 - match_len (between 0 and 7) bytes of
     *     all-zero bytes. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_flow_removed) == 56);

/* Nicira vendor stats request of type NXST_FLOW (analogous to OFPST_FLOW
 * request). */
struct nx_flow_stats_request {
    struct nicira_stats_msg nsm;
    ovs_be16 out_port;        /* Require matching entries to include this
                                 as an output port.  A value of OFPP_NONE
                                 indicates no restriction. */
    ovs_be16 match_len;       /* Length of nx_match. */
    uint8_t table_id;         /* ID of table to read (from ofp_table_stats)
                                 or 0xff for all tables. */
    uint8_t pad[3];           /* Align to 64 bits. */
    /* Followed by:
     *   - Exactly match_len (possibly 0) bytes containing the nx_match, then
     *   - Exactly (match_len + 7)/8*8 - match_len (between 0 and 7) bytes of
     *     all-zero bytes, which must also exactly fill out the length of the
     *     message.
     */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_flow_stats_request) == 32);

/* Body for Nicira vendor stats reply of type NXST_FLOW (analogous to
 * OFPST_FLOW reply). */
struct nx_flow_stats {
    ovs_be16 length;          /* Length of this entry. */
    uint8_t table_id;         /* ID of table flow came from. */
    uint8_t pad;
    ovs_be32 duration_sec;    /* Time flow has been alive in seconds. */
    ovs_be32 duration_nsec;   /* Time flow has been alive in nanoseconds
                                 beyond duration_sec. */
    ovs_be16 priority;        /* Priority of the entry. Only meaningful
                                 when this is not an exact-match entry. */
    ovs_be16 idle_timeout;    /* Number of seconds idle before expiration. */
    ovs_be16 hard_timeout;    /* Number of seconds before expiration. */
    ovs_be16 match_len;       /* Length of nx_match. */
    uint8_t pad2[4];          /* Align to 64 bits. */
    ovs_be64 cookie;          /* Opaque controller-issued identifier. */
    ovs_be64 packet_count;    /* Number of packets in flow. */
    ovs_be64 byte_count;      /* Number of bytes in flow. */
    /* Followed by:
     *   - Exactly match_len (possibly 0) bytes containing the nx_match, then
     *   - Exactly (match_len + 7)/8*8 - match_len (between 0 and 7) bytes of
     *     all-zero bytes, then
     *   - Actions to fill out the remainder 'length' bytes (always a multiple
     *     of 8).
     */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_flow_stats) == 48);

/* Nicira vendor stats request of type NXST_AGGREGATE (analogous to
 * OFPST_AGGREGATE request). */
struct nx_aggregate_stats_request {
    struct nicira_stats_msg nsm;
    ovs_be16 out_port;        /* Require matching entries to include this
                                 as an output port.  A value of OFPP_NONE
                                 indicates no restriction. */
    ovs_be16 match_len;       /* Length of nx_match. */
    uint8_t table_id;         /* ID of table to read (from ofp_table_stats)
                                 or 0xff for all tables. */
    uint8_t pad[3];           /* Align to 64 bits. */
    /* Followed by:
     *   - Exactly match_len (possibly 0) bytes containing the nx_match, then
     *   - Exactly (match_len + 7)/8*8 - match_len (between 0 and 7) bytes of
     *     all-zero bytes, which must also exactly fill out the length of the
     *     message.
     */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_aggregate_stats_request) == 32);

/* Body for nicira_stats_msg reply of type NXST_AGGREGATE (analogous to
 * OFPST_AGGREGATE reply).
 *
 * ofp_aggregate_stats_reply does not contain an ofp_match structure, so we
 * reuse it entirely.  (It would be very odd to use OFPST_AGGREGATE to reply to
 * an NXST_AGGREGATE request, so we don't do that.) */
struct nx_aggregate_stats_reply {
    struct nicira_stats_msg nsm;
    struct ofp_aggregate_stats_reply asr;
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_aggregate_stats_reply) == 48);

#endif /* openflow/nicira-ext.h */