path: root/lib/ofp-print.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2008-2017 Nicira, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#include <config.h>

#include "openvswitch/ofp-print.h"

#include <errno.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#include "bundle.h"
#include "byte-order.h"
#include "colors.h"
#include "compiler.h"
#include "dp-packet.h"
#include "flow.h"
#include "learn.h"
#include "multipath.h"
#include "netdev.h"
#include "nx-match.h"
#include "odp-util.h"
#include "openflow/nicira-ext.h"
#include "openflow/openflow.h"
#include "openvswitch/dynamic-string.h"
#include "openvswitch/meta-flow.h"
#include "openvswitch/ofp-actions.h"
#include "openvswitch/ofp-bundle.h"
#include "openvswitch/ofp-connection.h"
#include "openvswitch/ofp-errors.h"
#include "openvswitch/ofp-group.h"
#include "openvswitch/ofp-ipfix.h"
#include "openvswitch/ofp-match.h"
#include "openvswitch/ofp-meter.h"
#include "openvswitch/ofp-monitor.h"
#include "openvswitch/ofp-msgs.h"
#include "openvswitch/ofp-port.h"
#include "openvswitch/ofp-queue.h"
#include "openvswitch/ofp-switch.h"
#include "openvswitch/ofp-table.h"
#include "openvswitch/ofp-util.h"
#include "openvswitch/ofpbuf.h"
#include "openvswitch/type-props.h"
#include "packets.h"
#include "unaligned.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "uuid.h"

static void ofp_print_error(struct ds *, enum ofperr);

/* Returns a string that represents the contents of the Ethernet frame in the
 * 'len' bytes starting at 'data'.  The caller must free the returned string.*/
char *
ofp_packet_to_string(const void *data, size_t len, ovs_be32 packet_type)
{
    struct ds ds = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
    struct dp_packet buf;
    struct flow flow;
    size_t l4_size;

    dp_packet_use_const(&buf, data, len);
    buf.packet_type = packet_type;
    flow_extract(&buf, &flow);
    flow_format(&ds, &flow, NULL);

    l4_size = dp_packet_l4_size(&buf);

    if (flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_TCP && l4_size >= TCP_HEADER_LEN) {
        struct tcp_header *th = dp_packet_l4(&buf);
        ds_put_format(&ds, " tcp_csum:%"PRIx16, ntohs(th->tcp_csum));
    } else if (flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_UDP && l4_size >= UDP_HEADER_LEN) {
        struct udp_header *uh = dp_packet_l4(&buf);
        ds_put_format(&ds, " udp_csum:%"PRIx16, ntohs(uh->udp_csum));
    } else if (flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_SCTP && l4_size >= SCTP_HEADER_LEN) {
        struct sctp_header *sh = dp_packet_l4(&buf);
        ds_put_format(&ds, " sctp_csum:%"PRIx32,
                      ntohl(get_16aligned_be32(&sh->sctp_csum)));
    } else if (flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_ICMP && l4_size >= ICMP_HEADER_LEN) {
        struct icmp_header *icmph = dp_packet_l4(&buf);
        ds_put_format(&ds, " icmp_csum:%"PRIx16,
                      ntohs(icmph->icmp_csum));
    } else if (flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_ICMPV6 && l4_size >= ICMP6_HEADER_LEN) {
        struct icmp6_header *icmp6h = dp_packet_l4(&buf);
        ds_put_format(&ds, " icmp6_csum:%"PRIx16,
                      ntohs(icmp6h->icmp6_cksum));
    }

    ds_put_char(&ds, '\n');

    return ds_cstr(&ds);
}

char *
ofp_dp_packet_to_string(const struct dp_packet *packet)
{
    return ofp_packet_to_string(dp_packet_data(packet),
                                dp_packet_size(packet),
                                packet->packet_type);
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_packet_in(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh,
                    const struct ofputil_port_map *port_map,
                    const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map, int verbosity)
{
    struct ofputil_packet_in_private pin;
    uint32_t buffer_id;
    size_t total_len;
    enum ofperr error = ofputil_decode_packet_in_private(oh, true, NULL, NULL,
                                                         &pin, &total_len,
                                                         &buffer_id);
    if (!error) {
        ofputil_packet_in_private_format(string, &pin, total_len, buffer_id,
                                         port_map, table_map, verbosity);
        ofputil_packet_in_private_destroy(&pin);
    }
    return error;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_packet_out(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh,
                     const struct ofputil_port_map *port_map,
                     const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map, int verbosity)
{
    struct ofputil_packet_out po;
    struct ofpbuf ofpacts;
    enum ofperr error;

    ofpbuf_init(&ofpacts, 64);
    error = ofputil_decode_packet_out(&po, oh, NULL, &ofpacts);
    if (!error) {
        ofputil_packet_out_format(string, &po, port_map, table_map, verbosity);
    }
    ofpbuf_uninit(&ofpacts);
    return error;
}

void
ofp_print_bit_names(struct ds *string, uint32_t bits,
                    const char *(*bit_to_name)(uint32_t bit),
                    char separator)
{
    int n = 0;
    int i;

    if (!bits) {
        ds_put_cstr(string, "0");
        return;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
        uint32_t bit = UINT32_C(1) << i;

        if (bits & bit) {
            const char *name = bit_to_name(bit);
            if (name) {
                if (n++) {
                    ds_put_char(string, separator);
                }
                ds_put_cstr(string, name);
                bits &= ~bit;
            }
        }
    }

    if (bits) {
        if (n) {
            ds_put_char(string, separator);
        }
        ds_put_format(string, "0x%"PRIx32, bits);
    }
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_switch_features(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    struct ofputil_switch_features features;
    struct ofpbuf b = ofpbuf_const_initializer(oh, ntohs(oh->length));
    enum ofperr error = ofputil_pull_switch_features(&b, &features);
    if (!error) {
        ofputil_switch_features_format(string, &features);
        error = ofputil_phy_ports_format(string, oh->version, &b);
    }
    return error;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_set_config(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    struct ofputil_switch_config config;
    enum ofperr error;

    error = ofputil_decode_set_config(oh, &config);
    if (error) {
        return error;
    }
    ofputil_switch_config_format(string, &config);
    return 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_get_config_reply(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    struct ofputil_switch_config config;
    ofputil_decode_get_config_reply(oh, &config);
    ofputil_switch_config_format(string, &config);
    return 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_table_features_reply(struct ds *s, const struct ofp_header *oh,
                               const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map)
{
    struct ofpbuf b = ofpbuf_const_initializer(oh, ntohs(oh->length));

    struct ofputil_table_features prev;
    for (int i = 0; ; i++) {
        struct ofputil_table_features tf;
        int retval;

        retval = ofputil_decode_table_features(&b, &tf, true);
        if (retval) {
            return retval != EOF ? retval : 0;
        }

        ds_put_char(s, '\n');
        ofputil_table_features_format(s, &tf, i ? &prev : NULL, NULL, NULL,
                                      table_map);
        prev = tf;
    }
}

void
ofp_print_duration(struct ds *string, unsigned int sec, unsigned int nsec)
{
    ds_put_format(string, "%u", sec);

    /* If there are no fractional seconds, don't print any decimals.
     *
     * If the fractional seconds can be expressed exactly as milliseconds,
     * print 3 decimals.  Open vSwitch provides millisecond precision for most
     * time measurements, so printing 3 decimals every time makes it easier to
     * spot real changes in flow dumps that refresh themselves quickly.
     *
     * If the fractional seconds are more precise than milliseconds, print the
     * number of decimals needed to express them exactly.
     */
    if (nsec > 0) {
        unsigned int msec = nsec / 1000000;
        if (msec * 1000000 == nsec) {
            ds_put_format(string, ".%03u", msec);
        } else {
            ds_put_format(string, ".%09u", nsec);
            while (string->string[string->length - 1] == '0') {
                string->length--;
            }
        }
    }
    ds_put_char(string, 's');
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_flow_removed(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh,
                       const struct ofputil_port_map *port_map,
                       const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map)
{
    struct ofputil_flow_removed fr;
    enum ofperr error = ofputil_decode_flow_removed(&fr, oh);
    if (!error) {
        ofputil_flow_removed_format(string, &fr, port_map, table_map);
    }
    return error;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_port_mod(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh,
                   const struct ofputil_port_map *port_map)
{
    struct ofputil_port_mod pm;
    enum ofperr error = ofputil_decode_port_mod(oh, &pm, true);
    if (!error) {
        ofputil_port_mod_format(string, &pm, port_map);
    }
    return error;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_table_mod(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh,
                  const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map)
{
    struct ofputil_table_mod tm;
    enum ofperr error = ofputil_decode_table_mod(oh, &tm);
    if (!error) {
        ofputil_table_mod_format(string, &tm, table_map);
    }
    return error;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_table_status_message(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh,
                               const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map)
{
    struct ofputil_table_status ts;
    enum ofperr error = ofputil_decode_table_status(oh, &ts);
    if (!error) {
        ofputil_format_table_status(string, &ts, table_map);
    }
    return error;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_meter_mod(struct ds *s, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    struct ofputil_meter_mod mm;
    struct ofpbuf bands;

    ofpbuf_init(&bands, 64);
    enum ofperr error = ofputil_decode_meter_mod(oh, &mm, &bands);
    if (!error) {
        ofputil_format_meter_mod(s, &mm);
    }
    ofpbuf_uninit(&bands);

    return error;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_meter_stats_request(struct ds *s, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    uint32_t meter_id;

    ofputil_decode_meter_request(oh, &meter_id);
    ds_put_char(s, ' ');

    ofputil_format_meter_id(s, meter_id, '=');

    return 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_meter_features_reply(struct ds *s, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    struct ofputil_meter_features mf;
    ofputil_decode_meter_features(oh, &mf);
    ofputil_format_meter_features(s, &mf);
    return 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_meter_config_reply(struct ds *s, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    struct ofpbuf b = ofpbuf_const_initializer(oh, ntohs(oh->length));
    struct ofpbuf bands;
    int retval;

    ofpbuf_init(&bands, 64);
    for (;;) {
        struct ofputil_meter_config mc;

        retval = ofputil_decode_meter_config(&b, &mc, &bands);
        if (retval) {
            break;
        }
        ds_put_char(s, '\n');
        ofputil_format_meter_config(s, &mc);
    }
    ofpbuf_uninit(&bands);

    return retval != EOF ? retval : 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_meter_stats_reply(struct ds *s, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    struct ofpbuf b = ofpbuf_const_initializer(oh, ntohs(oh->length));
    struct ofpbuf bands;
    int retval;

    ofpbuf_init(&bands, 64);
    for (;;) {
        struct ofputil_meter_stats ms;

        retval = ofputil_decode_meter_stats(&b, &ms, &bands);
        if (retval) {
            break;
        }
        ds_put_char(s, '\n');
        ofputil_format_meter_stats(s, &ms);
    }
    ofpbuf_uninit(&bands);

    return retval != EOF ? retval : 0;
}

static void
ofp_print_error(struct ds *string, enum ofperr error)
{
    ds_put_format(string, "***decode error: %s***\n", ofperr_get_name(error));
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_hello(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    ofputil_hello_format(string, oh);
    return 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_error_msg(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh,
                    const struct ofputil_port_map *port_map,
                    const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map)
{
    struct ofpbuf payload;
    enum ofperr error = ofperr_decode_msg(oh, &payload);
    if (!error) {
        return OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_LEN;
    }
    ofperr_msg_format(string, error, &payload, port_map, table_map);
    ofpbuf_uninit(&payload);

    return 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_port_status(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    struct ofputil_port_status ps;
    enum ofperr error = ofputil_decode_port_status(oh, &ps);
    if (!error) {
        ofputil_port_status_format(string, &ps);
    }
    return error;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_ofpst_desc_reply(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    const struct ofp_desc_stats *ods = ofpmsg_body(oh);

    ds_put_char(string, '\n');
    ds_put_format(string, "Manufacturer: %.*s\n",
            (int) sizeof ods->mfr_desc, ods->mfr_desc);
    ds_put_format(string, "Hardware: %.*s\n",
            (int) sizeof ods->hw_desc, ods->hw_desc);
    ds_put_format(string, "Software: %.*s\n",
            (int) sizeof ods->sw_desc, ods->sw_desc);
    ds_put_format(string, "Serial Num: %.*s\n",
            (int) sizeof ods->serial_num, ods->serial_num);
    ds_put_format(string, "DP Description: %.*s\n",
            (int) sizeof ods->dp_desc, ods->dp_desc);

    return 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_flow_stats_request(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh,
                             const struct ofputil_port_map *port_map,
                             const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map)
{
    struct ofputil_flow_stats_request fsr;
    enum ofperr error = ofputil_decode_flow_stats_request(&fsr, oh, NULL,
                                                          NULL);
    if (!error) {
        ofputil_flow_stats_request_format(string, &fsr, port_map, table_map);
    }
    return error;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_flow_stats_reply(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh,
                           const struct ofputil_port_map *port_map,
                           const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map)
{
    struct ofpbuf b = ofpbuf_const_initializer(oh, ntohs(oh->length));
    struct ofpbuf ofpacts;
    int retval;

    ofpbuf_init(&ofpacts, 64);
    for (;;) {
        struct ofputil_flow_stats fs;

        retval = ofputil_decode_flow_stats_reply(&fs, &b, true, &ofpacts);
        if (retval) {
            break;
        }
        ds_put_cstr(string, "\n ");
        ofputil_flow_stats_format(string, &fs, port_map, table_map, true);
     }
    ofpbuf_uninit(&ofpacts);

    return retval != EOF ? retval : 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_aggregate_stats_reply(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    struct ofputil_aggregate_stats as;
    enum ofperr error;

    error = ofputil_decode_aggregate_stats_reply(&as, oh);
    if (!error) {
        ofputil_aggregate_stats_format(string, &as);
    }
    return error;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_ofpst_port_request(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh,
                             const struct ofputil_port_map *port_map)
{
    ofp_port_t ofp10_port;
    enum ofperr error;

    error = ofputil_decode_port_stats_request(oh, &ofp10_port);
    if (error) {
        return error;
    }

    ds_put_cstr(string, " port_no=");
    ofputil_format_port(ofp10_port, port_map, string);

    return 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_ofpst_port_reply(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh,
                           const struct ofputil_port_map *port_map,
                           int verbosity)
{
    ds_put_format(string, " %"PRIuSIZE" ports\n",
                  ofputil_count_port_stats(oh));
    if (verbosity < 1) {
        return 0;
    }

    struct ofpbuf b = ofpbuf_const_initializer(oh, ntohs(oh->length));
    for (;;) {
        struct ofputil_port_stats ps;
        int retval;

        retval = ofputil_decode_port_stats(&ps, &b);
        if (retval) {
            return retval != EOF ? retval : 0;
        }
        ofputil_format_port_stats(string, &ps, port_map);
    }
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_table_stats_reply(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh,
                            const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map)
{
    struct ofpbuf b = ofpbuf_const_initializer(oh, ntohs(oh->length));
    ofpraw_pull_assert(&b);

    struct ofputil_table_features prev_features;
    struct ofputil_table_stats prev_stats;
    for (int i = 0;; i++) {
        struct ofputil_table_features features;
        struct ofputil_table_stats stats;
        int retval;

        retval = ofputil_decode_table_stats_reply(&b, &stats, &features);
        if (retval) {
            return retval != EOF ? retval : 0;
        }

        ds_put_char(string, '\n');
        ofputil_table_features_format(string,
                                      &features, i ? &prev_features : NULL,
                                      &stats, i ? &prev_stats : NULL,
                                      table_map);
        prev_features = features;
        prev_stats = stats;
    }
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_ofpst_port_desc_request(struct ds *string,
                                  const struct ofp_header *oh,
                                  const struct ofputil_port_map *port_map)
{
    enum ofperr error;
    ofp_port_t port;

    error = ofputil_decode_port_desc_stats_request(oh, &port);
    if (error) {
        return error;
    }

    ds_put_cstr(string, " port=");
    ofputil_format_port(port, port_map, string);

    return 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_ofpst_port_desc_reply(struct ds *string,
                                const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    struct ofpbuf b = ofpbuf_const_initializer(oh, ntohs(oh->length));
    ofpraw_pull_assert(&b);
    ds_put_char(string, '\n');
    return ofputil_phy_ports_format(string, oh->version, &b);
}

static void
ofp_print_stats(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    uint16_t flags = ofpmp_flags(oh);

    if (flags) {
        ds_put_cstr(string, " flags=");
        if ((!ofpmsg_is_stat_request(oh) || oh->version >= OFP13_VERSION)
            && (flags & OFPSF_REPLY_MORE)) {
            ds_put_cstr(string, "[more]");
            flags &= ~OFPSF_REPLY_MORE;
        }
        if (flags) {
            ds_put_format(string, "[***unknown flags 0x%04"PRIx16"***]",
                          flags);
        }
    }
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_echo(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh, int verbosity)
{
    size_t len = ntohs(oh->length);

    ds_put_format(string, " %"PRIuSIZE" bytes of payload\n", len - sizeof *oh);
    if (verbosity > 1) {
        ds_put_hex_dump(string, oh + 1, len - sizeof *oh, 0, true);
    }

    return 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_role_message(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    struct ofputil_role_request rr;
    enum ofperr error = ofputil_decode_role_message(oh, &rr);
    if (!error) {
        ofputil_format_role_message(string, &rr);
    }
    return error;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_role_status_message(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    struct ofputil_role_status rs;
    enum ofperr error = ofputil_decode_role_status(oh, &rs);
    if (!error) {
        ofputil_format_role_status(string, &rs);
    }
    return error;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_nxt_flow_mod_table_id(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    bool enable = ofputil_decode_nx_flow_mod_table_id(oh);
    ds_put_format(string, " %s", enable ? "enable" : "disable");
    return 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_nxt_set_flow_format(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    enum ofputil_protocol p = ofputil_decode_nx_set_flow_format(oh);
    ds_put_format(string, " format=%s",
                  p == OFPUTIL_P_OF10_STD ? "openflow10"
                  : p == OFPUTIL_P_OF10_NXM ? "nxm"
                  : "(unknown)");
    return 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_nxt_set_packet_in_format(struct ds *string,
                                   const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    enum ofputil_packet_in_format format;
    enum ofperr error = ofputil_decode_set_packet_in_format(oh, &format);
    if (!error) {
        ds_put_format(string, " format=%s",
                      ofputil_packet_in_format_to_string(format));
    }
    return error;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_set_async_config(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh,
                           enum ofptype ofptype)
{
    struct ofputil_async_cfg basis = OFPUTIL_ASYNC_CFG_INIT;
    struct ofputil_async_cfg ac;

    bool is_reply = ofptype == OFPTYPE_GET_ASYNC_REPLY;
    enum ofperr error = ofputil_decode_set_async_config(oh, is_reply,
                                                        &basis, &ac);
    if (error) {
        return error;
    }
    ofputil_format_set_async_config(string, &ac);
    return 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_nxt_set_controller_id(struct ds *string,
                                const struct nx_controller_id *nci)
{
    ds_put_format(string, " id=%"PRIu16, ntohs(nci->controller_id));
    return 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_nxt_flow_monitor_cancel(struct ds *string,
                                  const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    ds_put_format(string, " id=%"PRIu32,
                  ofputil_decode_flow_monitor_cancel(oh));
    return 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_nxst_flow_monitor_request(struct ds *string,
                                    const struct ofp_header *oh,
                                    const struct ofputil_port_map *port_map,
                                    const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map)
{
    struct ofpbuf b = ofpbuf_const_initializer(oh, ntohs(oh->length));
    for (;;) {
        struct ofputil_flow_monitor_request request;
        int retval;

        retval = ofputil_decode_flow_monitor_request(&request, &b);
        if (retval) {
            return retval != EOF ? retval : 0;
        }

        ofputil_flow_monitor_request_format(string, &request,
                                            port_map, table_map);
    }
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_nxst_flow_monitor_reply(struct ds *string,
                                  const struct ofp_header *oh,
                                  const struct ofputil_port_map *port_map,
                                  const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map)
{
    uint64_t ofpacts_stub[1024 / 8];
    struct ofpbuf ofpacts = OFPBUF_STUB_INITIALIZER(ofpacts_stub);
    struct ofpbuf b = ofpbuf_const_initializer(oh, ntohs(oh->length));

    for (;;) {
        struct ofputil_flow_update update;
        int retval = ofputil_decode_flow_update(&update, &b, &ofpacts);
        if (retval) {
            ofpbuf_uninit(&ofpacts);
            return retval != EOF ? retval : 0;
        }
        ofputil_flow_update_format(string, &update, port_map, table_map);
    }
}

void
ofp_print_version(const struct ofp_header *oh,
                  struct ds *string)
{
    switch (oh->version) {
    case OFP10_VERSION:
        break;
    case OFP11_VERSION:
        ds_put_cstr(string, " (OF1.1)");
        break;
    case OFP12_VERSION:
        ds_put_cstr(string, " (OF1.2)");
        break;
    case OFP13_VERSION:
        ds_put_cstr(string, " (OF1.3)");
        break;
    case OFP14_VERSION:
        ds_put_cstr(string, " (OF1.4)");
        break;
    case OFP15_VERSION:
        ds_put_cstr(string, " (OF1.5)");
        break;
    case OFP16_VERSION:
        ds_put_cstr(string, " (OF1.6)");
        break;
    default:
        ds_put_format(string, " (OF 0x%02"PRIx8")", oh->version);
        break;
    }
    ds_put_format(string, " (xid=0x%"PRIx32"):", ntohl(oh->xid));
}

static void
ofp_header_to_string__(const struct ofp_header *oh, enum ofpraw raw,
                       struct ds *string)
{
    ds_put_cstr(string, ofpraw_get_name(raw));
    ofp_print_version(oh, string);
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_table_desc_reply(struct ds *s, const struct ofp_header *oh,
                           const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map)
{
    struct ofpbuf b = ofpbuf_const_initializer(oh, ntohs(oh->length));
    for (;;) {
        struct ofputil_table_desc td;
        int retval;

        retval = ofputil_decode_table_desc(&b, &td, oh->version);
        if (retval) {
            return retval != EOF ? retval : 0;
        }
        ofputil_table_desc_format(s, &td, table_map);
    }
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_bundle_ctrl(struct ds *s, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    int error;
    struct ofputil_bundle_ctrl_msg bctrl;

    error = ofputil_decode_bundle_ctrl(oh, &bctrl);
    if (error) {
        return error;
    }
    ofputil_format_bundle_ctrl_request(s, &bctrl);
    return 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_bundle_add(struct ds *s, const struct ofp_header *oh,
                     const struct ofputil_port_map *port_map,
                     const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map,
                     int verbosity)
{
    struct ofputil_bundle_add_msg badd;
    int error = ofputil_decode_bundle_add(oh, &badd, NULL);
    if (!error) {
        ofputil_format_bundle_add(s, &badd, port_map, table_map, verbosity);
    }
    return error;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_tlv_table_mod(struct ds *s, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    struct ofputil_tlv_table_mod ttm;
    int error = ofputil_decode_tlv_table_mod(oh, &ttm);
    if (!error) {
        ofputil_format_tlv_table_mod(s, &ttm);
        ofputil_uninit_tlv_table(&ttm.mappings);
    }
    return error;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_tlv_table_reply(struct ds *s, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    struct ofputil_tlv_table_reply ttr;
    int error = ofputil_decode_tlv_table_reply(oh, &ttr);
    if (!error) {
        ofputil_format_tlv_table_reply(s, &ttr);
        ofputil_uninit_tlv_table(&ttr.mappings);
    }
    return error;
}

/* This function will print the request forward message. The reason for
 * request forward is taken from rf.request.type */
static enum ofperr
ofp_print_requestforward(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh,
                         const struct ofputil_port_map *port_map,
                         const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map)
{
    struct ofputil_requestforward rf;
    enum ofperr error = ofputil_decode_requestforward(oh, &rf);
    if (!error) {
        ofputil_format_requestforward(string, oh->version,
                                      &rf, port_map, table_map);
        ofputil_destroy_requestforward(&rf);
    }
    return error;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_nxst_ipfix_bridge_reply(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    struct ofpbuf b = ofpbuf_const_initializer(oh, ntohs(oh->length));
    for (;;) {
        struct ofputil_ipfix_stats is;
        int retval;

        retval = ofputil_pull_ipfix_stats(&is, &b);
        if (retval) {
            return retval != EOF ? retval : 0;
        }
        ofputil_format_ipfix_stats_bridge(string, &is);
    }
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_nxst_ipfix_flow_reply(struct ds *string, const struct ofp_header *oh)
{
    ds_put_format(string, " %"PRIuSIZE" ids\n", ofputil_count_ipfix_stats(oh));

    struct ofpbuf b = ofpbuf_const_initializer(oh, ntohs(oh->length));
    for (;;) {
        struct ofputil_ipfix_stats is;
        int retval;

        retval = ofputil_pull_ipfix_stats(&is, &b);
        if (retval) {
            return retval != EOF ? retval : 0;
        }
        ofputil_format_ipfix_stats_flow(string, &is);
    }
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_print_nxt_ct_flush_zone(struct ds *string, const struct nx_zone_id *nzi)
{
    ds_put_format(string, " zone_id=%"PRIu16, ntohs(nzi->zone_id));
    return 0;
}

static enum ofperr
ofp_to_string__(const struct ofp_header *oh,
                const struct ofputil_port_map *port_map,
                const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map, enum ofpraw raw,
                struct ds *string, int verbosity)
{
    if (ofpmsg_is_stat(oh)) {
        ofp_print_stats(string, oh);
    }

    const void *msg = oh;
    enum ofptype type = ofptype_from_ofpraw(raw);
    switch (type) {
    case OFPTYPE_GROUP_STATS_REQUEST:
        return ofputil_group_stats_request_format(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_GROUP_STATS_REPLY:
        return ofputil_group_stats_format(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_GROUP_DESC_STATS_REQUEST:
        return ofputil_group_desc_request_format(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_GROUP_DESC_STATS_REPLY:
        return ofputil_group_desc_format(string, oh, port_map, table_map);

    case OFPTYPE_GROUP_FEATURES_STATS_REQUEST:
        break;

    case OFPTYPE_GROUP_FEATURES_STATS_REPLY:
        return ofputil_group_features_format(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_GROUP_MOD:
        return ofputil_group_mod_format(string, oh, port_map, table_map);

    case OFPTYPE_TABLE_FEATURES_STATS_REQUEST:
    case OFPTYPE_TABLE_FEATURES_STATS_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_table_features_reply(string, oh, table_map);

    case OFPTYPE_TABLE_DESC_REQUEST:
    case OFPTYPE_TABLE_DESC_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_table_desc_reply(string, oh, table_map);

    case OFPTYPE_HELLO:
        return ofp_print_hello(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_ERROR:
        return ofp_print_error_msg(string, oh, port_map, table_map);

    case OFPTYPE_ECHO_REQUEST:
    case OFPTYPE_ECHO_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_echo(string, oh, verbosity);

    case OFPTYPE_FEATURES_REQUEST:
        break;

    case OFPTYPE_FEATURES_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_switch_features(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_GET_CONFIG_REQUEST:
        break;

    case OFPTYPE_GET_CONFIG_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_get_config_reply(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_SET_CONFIG:
        return ofp_print_set_config(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_PACKET_IN:
        return ofp_print_packet_in(string, oh, port_map, table_map, verbosity);

    case OFPTYPE_FLOW_REMOVED:
        return ofp_print_flow_removed(string, oh, port_map, table_map);

    case OFPTYPE_PORT_STATUS:
        return ofp_print_port_status(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_PACKET_OUT:
        return ofp_print_packet_out(string, oh, port_map, table_map,
                                    verbosity);

    case OFPTYPE_FLOW_MOD:
        return ofputil_flow_mod_format(string, oh, port_map, table_map,
                                       verbosity);

    case OFPTYPE_PORT_MOD:
        return ofp_print_port_mod(string, oh, port_map);

    case OFPTYPE_TABLE_MOD:
        return ofp_print_table_mod(string, oh, table_map);

    case OFPTYPE_METER_MOD:
        return ofp_print_meter_mod(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_BARRIER_REQUEST:
    case OFPTYPE_BARRIER_REPLY:
        break;

    case OFPTYPE_QUEUE_GET_CONFIG_REQUEST:
        return ofputil_queue_get_config_request_format(string, oh, port_map);

    case OFPTYPE_QUEUE_GET_CONFIG_REPLY:
        return ofputil_queue_get_config_reply_format(string, oh, port_map);

    case OFPTYPE_ROLE_REQUEST:
    case OFPTYPE_ROLE_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_role_message(string, oh);
    case OFPTYPE_ROLE_STATUS:
        return ofp_print_role_status_message(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_REQUESTFORWARD:
        return ofp_print_requestforward(string, oh, port_map, table_map);

    case OFPTYPE_TABLE_STATUS:
        return ofp_print_table_status_message(string, oh, table_map);

    case OFPTYPE_METER_STATS_REQUEST:
    case OFPTYPE_METER_CONFIG_STATS_REQUEST:
        return ofp_print_meter_stats_request(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_METER_STATS_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_meter_stats_reply(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_METER_CONFIG_STATS_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_meter_config_reply(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_METER_FEATURES_STATS_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_meter_features_reply(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_DESC_STATS_REQUEST:
    case OFPTYPE_METER_FEATURES_STATS_REQUEST:
        break;

    case OFPTYPE_FLOW_STATS_REQUEST:
    case OFPTYPE_AGGREGATE_STATS_REQUEST:
        return ofp_print_flow_stats_request(string, oh, port_map, table_map);

    case OFPTYPE_TABLE_STATS_REQUEST:
        break;

    case OFPTYPE_PORT_STATS_REQUEST:
        return ofp_print_ofpst_port_request(string, oh, port_map);

    case OFPTYPE_QUEUE_STATS_REQUEST:
        return ofputil_queue_stats_request_format(string, oh, port_map);

    case OFPTYPE_DESC_STATS_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_ofpst_desc_reply(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_FLOW_STATS_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_flow_stats_reply(string, oh, port_map, table_map);

    case OFPTYPE_QUEUE_STATS_REPLY:
        return ofputil_queue_stats_reply_format(string, oh, port_map,
                                                verbosity);

    case OFPTYPE_PORT_STATS_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_ofpst_port_reply(string, oh, port_map, verbosity);

    case OFPTYPE_TABLE_STATS_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_table_stats_reply(string, oh, table_map);

    case OFPTYPE_AGGREGATE_STATS_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_aggregate_stats_reply(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_PORT_DESC_STATS_REQUEST:
        return ofp_print_ofpst_port_desc_request(string, oh, port_map);

    case OFPTYPE_PORT_DESC_STATS_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_ofpst_port_desc_reply(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_FLOW_MOD_TABLE_ID:
        return ofp_print_nxt_flow_mod_table_id(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_SET_FLOW_FORMAT:
        return ofp_print_nxt_set_flow_format(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_SET_PACKET_IN_FORMAT:
        return ofp_print_nxt_set_packet_in_format(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_FLOW_AGE:
        break;

    case OFPTYPE_SET_CONTROLLER_ID:
        return ofp_print_nxt_set_controller_id(string, ofpmsg_body(oh));

    case OFPTYPE_GET_ASYNC_REPLY:
    case OFPTYPE_SET_ASYNC_CONFIG:
        return ofp_print_set_async_config(string, oh, type);
    case OFPTYPE_GET_ASYNC_REQUEST:
        break;
    case OFPTYPE_FLOW_MONITOR_CANCEL:
        return ofp_print_nxt_flow_monitor_cancel(string, msg);

    case OFPTYPE_FLOW_MONITOR_PAUSED:
    case OFPTYPE_FLOW_MONITOR_RESUMED:
        break;

    case OFPTYPE_FLOW_MONITOR_STATS_REQUEST:
        return ofp_print_nxst_flow_monitor_request(string, msg, port_map,
                                                   table_map);

    case OFPTYPE_FLOW_MONITOR_STATS_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_nxst_flow_monitor_reply(string, msg, port_map,
                                                 table_map);

    case OFPTYPE_BUNDLE_CONTROL:
        return ofp_print_bundle_ctrl(string, msg);

    case OFPTYPE_BUNDLE_ADD_MESSAGE:
        return ofp_print_bundle_add(string, msg, port_map, table_map,
                                    verbosity);

    case OFPTYPE_NXT_TLV_TABLE_MOD:
        return ofp_print_tlv_table_mod(string, msg);

    case OFPTYPE_NXT_TLV_TABLE_REQUEST:
        break;

    case OFPTYPE_NXT_TLV_TABLE_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_tlv_table_reply(string, msg);

    case OFPTYPE_NXT_RESUME:
        return ofp_print_packet_in(string, msg, port_map, table_map,
                                   verbosity);
    case OFPTYPE_IPFIX_BRIDGE_STATS_REQUEST:
        break;
    case OFPTYPE_IPFIX_BRIDGE_STATS_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_nxst_ipfix_bridge_reply(string, oh);
    case OFPTYPE_IPFIX_FLOW_STATS_REQUEST:
        break;
    case OFPTYPE_IPFIX_FLOW_STATS_REPLY:
        return ofp_print_nxst_ipfix_flow_reply(string, oh);

    case OFPTYPE_CT_FLUSH_ZONE:
        return ofp_print_nxt_ct_flush_zone(string, ofpmsg_body(oh));
    }

    return 0;
}

static void
add_newline(struct ds *s)
{
    if (s->length && s->string[s->length - 1] != '\n') {
        ds_put_char(s, '\n');
    }
}

/* Composes and returns a string representing the OpenFlow packet of 'len'
 * bytes at 'oh' at the given 'verbosity' level.  0 is a minimal amount of
 * verbosity and higher numbers increase verbosity.  The caller is responsible
 * for freeing the string. */
char *
ofp_to_string(const void *oh_, size_t len,
              const struct ofputil_port_map *port_map,
              const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map,
              int verbosity)
{
    struct ds string = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
    const struct ofp_header *oh = oh_;

    if (!len) {
        ds_put_cstr(&string, "OpenFlow message is empty\n");
    } else if (len < sizeof(struct ofp_header)) {
        ds_put_format(&string, "OpenFlow packet too short (only %"PRIuSIZE" bytes):\n",
                      len);
    } else if (ntohs(oh->length) > len) {
        enum ofperr error;
        enum ofpraw raw;

        error = ofpraw_decode_partial(&raw, oh, len);
        if (!error) {
            ofp_header_to_string__(oh, raw, &string);
            ds_put_char(&string, '\n');
        }

        ds_put_format(&string,
                      "(***truncated to %"PRIuSIZE" bytes from %"PRIu16"***)\n",
                      len, ntohs(oh->length));
    } else if (ntohs(oh->length) < len) {
        ds_put_format(&string,
                      "(***only uses %"PRIu16" bytes out of %"PRIuSIZE"***)\n",
                      ntohs(oh->length), len);
    } else {
        enum ofperr error;
        enum ofpraw raw;

        error = ofpraw_decode(&raw, oh);
        if (!error) {
            ofp_header_to_string__(oh, raw, &string);
            size_t header_len = string.length;

            error = ofp_to_string__(oh, port_map, table_map,
                                    raw, &string, verbosity);
            if (error) {
                if (string.length > header_len) {
                    ds_chomp(&string, ' ');
                    add_newline(&string);
                } else {
                    ds_put_char(&string, ' ');
                }
                ofp_print_error(&string, error);
            } else {
                ds_chomp(&string, ' ');
            }
        } else {
            ofp_print_error(&string, error);
        }

        if (verbosity >= 5 || error) {
            add_newline(&string);
            ds_put_hex_dump(&string, oh, len, 0, true);
        }

        add_newline(&string);
        return ds_steal_cstr(&string);
    }
    ds_put_hex_dump(&string, oh, len, 0, true);
    return ds_steal_cstr(&string);
}

static void
print_and_free(FILE *stream, char *string)
{
    fputs(string, stream);
    free(string);
}

/* Pretty-print the OpenFlow packet of 'len' bytes at 'oh' to 'stream' at the
 * given 'verbosity' level.  0 is a minimal amount of verbosity and higher
 * numbers increase verbosity. */
void
ofp_print(FILE *stream, const void *oh, size_t len,
          const struct ofputil_port_map *port_map,
          const struct ofputil_table_map *table_map, int verbosity)
{
    print_and_free(stream, ofp_to_string(oh, len, port_map, table_map,
                                         verbosity));
}

/* Dumps the contents of the Ethernet frame in the 'len' bytes starting at
 * 'data' to 'stream'. */
void
ofp_print_packet(FILE *stream, const void *data, size_t len,
                 ovs_be32 packet_type)
{
    print_and_free(stream, ofp_packet_to_string(data, len, packet_type));
}

void
ofp_print_dp_packet(FILE *stream, const struct dp_packet *packet)
{
    print_and_free(stream, ofp_dp_packet_to_string(packet));
}