Move I18N::LangTags from ext/ to dist/

13 files changed, 3816 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/dist/I18N-LangTags/ChangeLog b/dist/I18N-LangTags/ChangeLog
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+Revision history for Perl module I18N::LangTags.
+                                        Time-stamp: "2004-10-06 23:26:53 ADT"
+
+2004-10-06  Sean M. Burke  sburke@cpan.org
+
+	* Release 0.35
+
+	Bugfix version: locale2language_tag now correctly understands
+	locale-IDs with at-signs in them, like 'it_IT.utf8@euro' or 
+	'it_IT@euro'.  This is now enforced by the new t/20_locales.t
+
+	Thanks to Luca 'loopback' Cavalli for letting me know about these
+	new locale-ID name-styles.
+
+	
+	* Release 0.34 -- never happened, because of an upload error
+
+	
+2004-07-01  Sean M. Burke  sburke@cpan.org
+
+	* Release 0.33
+
+	Minor bugfix version:
+	The test 80_all_env.t was erroneously failing for people with
+	LC_ALL or LC_MESSAGES set.  Fixed.  Thanks to everyone, especially
+	Nicholas Clark, who patiently helped out with this.
+
+	
+2004-06-20  Sean M. Burke  sburke@cpan.org
+
+	* Release 0.32
+
+	Minor bugfix version:
+	The test 80_all_env.t was erroneously failing under MSWins that
+	had Win32::Locale installed.  A workaround added.
+	
+	
+2004-06-17  Sean M. Burke  sburke@cpan.org
+
+	* Release 0.31
+	
+        Corrected some unevennesses in when/whether the return values from
+	I18N::LangTags::Detect's various internal functions would be
+	downcased.  Now they're /always/ downcased, and are /always/ fed
+	thru alternate_language_tags()!
+
+	Also, spiffed up and generally improved the earlier test
+	80_all_env.t, which not even I could make sense of, and I wrote
+	the damned thing.  Now it's sane, and checks both scalar and
+	list return values.  Thanks to Rafael Garcia-Suarez and the
+	various CPAN-Testers for prodding me to fix this.  (Hopefully the
+	earlier problems /are/ now fixed!  Otherwise there'll be another
+	version of this module out real soon!)
+
+	
+2004-03-30  Sean M. Burke  sburke@cpan.org
+
+	* Release 0.30
+
+	New in I18N::LangTags : implicate_supers and
+	implicate_supers_strictly.
+
+	New module: I18N::LangTags::Detect.
+
+	Some new tests.
+
+	Thanks to Autrijus Tang for catching some errors in my makefile!
+
+
+	
+2003-10-10  Sean M. Burke  sburke@cpan.org
+	
+	* Release 0.29
+
+	Minor bugfix to I18N::LangTags::List code.  Addition of the
+	is_decent function, and the 02decency.t test for it.
+	
+	Better Makefile.  Thanks to everyone who told me about the
+	INSTALLDIRS trick.
+	
+	
+	
+2003-07-20  Sean M. Burke  sburke@cpan.org
+
+	* Release 0.28
+	Doc fixes in I18N::LangTags, plus a few added variances (jw/jv,
+	 cre/cr, etc.) 
+	Lots of updates to I18N::LangTags::List
+	Deleted rfc3066.txt from dist.
+	Moved test.pl to t/01test.t and added more tests.
+	
+2002-02-02  Sean M. Burke  sburke@cpan.org
+
+	* Release 0.27 -- minor mods to ::List:
+	Fixing its entries for sv-se and sv-fi.
+	Typo-fixes and rewordings in the incidental Pod text elsewhere.
+	
+2001-06-21  Sean M. Burke  sburke@cpan.org
+	
+	* Release 0.26 -- just making cosmetic changes
+	to test.pl, at Jarkko's request.
+	
+2001-06-20  Sean M. Burke  sburke@cpan.org
+
+	* Release 0.25 -- just tweaking panic_languages behavior
+	for Scandinavian languages.  Much better now.
+	Slight tweak to ::List's entries for Greek.
+	
+2001-06-20  Sean M. Burke  sburke@cpan.org
+	
+	* Release 0.24
+
+	* I18N::LangTags -- some elaborate hacks to make us
+	recognize legacy aliases like no-nyn == nn.
+	Added panic_languages().
+	Added :ALL export tag.
+	Minor docs fixes, and spiffing up test.pl.
+	
+	* I18N::LangTags::List -- minor corrections; added
+	a few aliases.
+	
+2001-05-29  Sean M. Burke  sburke@cpan.org
+
+	* Release 0.23
+
+	* I18N::LangTags::List -- minor corrections.  And is now
+	a module, not just documentation.
+
+2001-05-27  Sean M. Burke  sburke@cpan.org
+
+	* Release 0.22
+        
+	* Now bundling I18N::LangTags::List, a reference for lang tags,
+	replacing generate_language_table.plx and language_codes.txt
+	
+2001-05-25  Sean M. Burke  sburke@cpan.org
+
+	* Release 0.21
+
+	* extract_language_tags and locale2langauge_tag now
+	return untainted output.  Useful if you feed tainted
+	things, like $ENV{'LANG'}.
+	
+2001-03-13  Sean M. Burke  sburke@cpan.org
+
+	* Release 0.20
+
+	* Added support for RFC 3066 tags: allowing three-letter primary
+	tags ("nav"), and allowing digits in subtags ("x-borg-prot3252").
+
+	* Changed all references from RFC 1766 to RFC 3066.
+
+	* Now bundling fulltext of RFC 3066 in the dist.
+
+	* Now bundling generate_language_table.plx and language_codes.txt
+	
+	* Added some nice tests to test.pl
+
+	* Inverting order of listings in this ChangeLog file.
+
+2000-05-13  Sean M. Burke  sburke@cpan.org
+
+	* Release 0.13
+
+	* Just noting my new email address.
+
+1999-03-06  Sean M. Burke  sburke@netadventure.net
+
+	* Release 0.11
+
+	* Added functions
+          similarity_language_tag, is_dialect_of,
+	  locale2language_tag, alternate_language_tags, and
+	  encode_language_tag
+
+1998-12-14  Sean M. Burke  sburke@netadventure.net
+
+	* Release 0.09
+
+	* Added function super_languages()
+
+1998-10-31  Sean M. Burke  sburke@netadventure.net
+
+	* Release 0.08
+
+	* Just changes in the docs and bundle -- no change
+	in functionality.
+
+1998-04-02 Sean M. Burke  sburke@netadventure.net
+
+	* Release 0.07
+
+	* First public release.
+
+[END OF CHANGELOG]
diff --git a/dist/I18N-LangTags/README b/dist/I18N-LangTags/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef0eb7b2f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dist/I18N-LangTags/README
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+README for I18N::LangTags
+                                        Time-stamp: "2004-10-06 23:19:39 ADT"
+
+			    I18N::LangTags
+
+I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
+tags
+
+Language tags are a formalism, described in RFC 3066 (obsoleting
+1766), for declaring what language form (language and possibly
+dialect) a given chunk of information is in.
+
+This library provides functions for common tasks involving language
+tags (notably the extraction of them, comparing them, and testing the
+formal validity of them) as is needed in a variety of protocols and
+applications.
+
+
+I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages.  This
+module goes from known language tag names ("fr-CA") to their English
+names ("Canadian French").  Its documentation also lists the several
+hundred known tags and some common subforms.  You may find this useful
+as a reference.
+
+
+See the POD for more information.
+
+
+INSTALLATION
+
+You install I18N::LangTags and I18N::LangTags::List, as you would
+install any perl module library, by running these commands:
+
+   perl Makefile.PL
+   make
+   make test
+   make install
+
+If you want to install a private copy of I18N::LangTags in your home
+directory, then you should try to produce the initial Makefile with
+something like this command:
+
+  perl Makefile.PL LIB=~/perl
+
+See perldoc perlmodinstall for more information on installing modules.
+
+
+DOCUMENTATION
+
+POD-format documentation is included in LangTags.pm.  POD is readable
+with the 'perldoc' utility.  See ChangeLog for recent changes.
+
+
+SUPPORT
+
+Questions, bug reports, useful code bits, and suggestions for
+I18N::LangTags should just be sent to me at sburke@cpan.org
+
+
+AVAILABILITY
+
+The latest version of I18N::LangTags is available from the
+Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN).  Visit
+<http://www.perl.com/CPAN/> to find a CPAN site near you.
+
+
+COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright 1998+, Sean M. Burke <sburke@cpan.org>, all rights
+reserved.
+
+The programs and documentation in this dist are distributed in
+the hope that they will be useful, but without any warranty; without
+even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a
+particular purpose.
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the same terms as Perl itself.
diff --git a/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags.pm b/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0bdc65fed1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,887 @@
+
+# Time-stamp: "2004-10-06 23:26:33 ADT"
+# Sean M. Burke <sburke@cpan.org>
+
+require 5.000;
+package I18N::LangTags;
+use strict;
+use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS $VERSION %Panic);
+require Exporter;
+@ISA = qw(Exporter);
+@EXPORT = qw();
+@EXPORT_OK = qw(is_language_tag same_language_tag
+                extract_language_tags super_languages
+                similarity_language_tag is_dialect_of
+                locale2language_tag alternate_language_tags
+                encode_language_tag panic_languages
+                implicate_supers
+                implicate_supers_strictly
+               );
+%EXPORT_TAGS = ('ALL' => \@EXPORT_OK);
+
+$VERSION = "0.35";
+
+sub uniq { my %seen; return grep(!($seen{$_}++), @_); } # a util function
+
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+  use I18N::LangTags();
+
+...or specify whichever of those functions you want to import, like so:
+
+  use I18N::LangTags qw(implicate_supers similarity_language_tag);
+
+All the exportable functions are listed below -- you're free to import
+only some, or none at all.  By default, none are imported.  If you
+say:
+
+    use I18N::LangTags qw(:ALL)
+
+...then all are exported.  (This saves you from having to use
+something less obvious like C<use I18N::LangTags qw(/./)>.)
+
+If you don't import any of these functions, assume a C<&I18N::LangTags::>
+in front of all the function names in the following examples.
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+Language tags are a formalism, described in RFC 3066 (obsoleting
+1766), for declaring what language form (language and possibly
+dialect) a given chunk of information is in.
+
+This library provides functions for common tasks involving language
+tags as they are needed in a variety of protocols and applications.
+
+Please see the "See Also" references for a thorough explanation
+of how to correctly use language tags.
+
+=over
+
+=cut
+
+###########################################################################
+
+=item * the function is_language_tag($lang1)
+
+Returns true iff $lang1 is a formally valid language tag.
+
+   is_language_tag("fr")            is TRUE
+   is_language_tag("x-jicarilla")   is FALSE
+       (Subtags can be 8 chars long at most -- 'jicarilla' is 9)
+
+   is_language_tag("sgn-US")    is TRUE
+       (That's American Sign Language)
+
+   is_language_tag("i-Klikitat")    is TRUE
+       (True without regard to the fact noone has actually
+        registered Klikitat -- it's a formally valid tag)
+
+   is_language_tag("fr-patois")     is TRUE
+       (Formally valid -- altho descriptively weak!)
+
+   is_language_tag("Spanish")       is FALSE
+   is_language_tag("french-patois") is FALSE
+       (No good -- first subtag has to match
+        /^([xXiI]|[a-zA-Z]{2,3})$/ -- see RFC3066)
+
+   is_language_tag("x-borg-prot2532") is TRUE
+       (Yes, subtags can contain digits, as of RFC3066)
+
+=cut
+
+sub is_language_tag {
+
+  ## Changes in the language tagging standards may have to be reflected here.
+
+  my($tag) = lc($_[0]);
+
+  return 0 if $tag eq "i" or $tag eq "x";
+  # Bad degenerate cases that the following
+  #  regexp would erroneously let pass
+
+  return $tag =~ 
+    /^(?:  # First subtag
+         [xi] | [a-z]{2,3}
+      )
+      (?:  # Subtags thereafter
+         -           # separator
+         [a-z0-9]{1,8}  # subtag  
+      )*
+    $/xs ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+###########################################################################
+
+=item * the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
+
+Returns a list of whatever looks like formally valid language tags
+in $whatever.  Not very smart, so don't get too creative with
+what you want to feed it.
+
+  extract_language_tags("fr, fr-ca, i-mingo")
+    returns:   ('fr', 'fr-ca', 'i-mingo')
+
+  extract_language_tags("It's like this: I'm in fr -- French!")
+    returns:   ('It', 'in', 'fr')
+  (So don't just feed it any old thing.)
+
+The output is untainted.  If you don't know what tainting is,
+don't worry about it.
+
+=cut
+
+sub extract_language_tags {
+
+  ## Changes in the language tagging standards may have to be reflected here.
+
+  my($text) =
+    $_[0] =~ m/(.+)/  # to make for an untainted result
+    ? $1 : ''
+  ;
+  
+  return grep(!m/^[ixIX]$/s, # 'i' and 'x' aren't good tags
+    $text =~ 
+    m/
+      \b
+      (?:  # First subtag
+         [iIxX] | [a-zA-Z]{2,3}
+      )
+      (?:  # Subtags thereafter
+         -           # separator
+         [a-zA-Z0-9]{1,8}  # subtag  
+      )*
+      \b
+    /xsg
+  );
+}
+
+###########################################################################
+
+=item * the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
+
+Returns true iff $lang1 and $lang2 are acceptable variant tags
+representing the same language-form.
+
+   same_language_tag('x-kadara', 'i-kadara')  is TRUE
+      (The x/i- alternation doesn't matter)
+   same_language_tag('X-KADARA', 'i-kadara')  is TRUE
+      (...and neither does case)
+   same_language_tag('en',       'en-US')     is FALSE
+      (all-English is not the SAME as US English)
+   same_language_tag('x-kadara', 'x-kadar')   is FALSE
+      (these are totally unrelated tags)
+   same_language_tag('no-bok',    'nb')       is TRUE
+      (no-bok is a legacy tag for nb (Norwegian Bokmal))
+
+C<same_language_tag> works by just seeing whether
+C<encode_language_tag($lang1)> is the same as
+C<encode_language_tag($lang2)>.
+
+(Yes, I know this function is named a bit oddly.  Call it historic
+reasons.)
+
+=cut
+
+sub same_language_tag {
+  my $el1 = &encode_language_tag($_[0]);
+  return 0 unless defined $el1;
+   # this avoids the problem of
+   # encode_language_tag($lang1) eq and encode_language_tag($lang2)
+   # being true if $lang1 and $lang2 are both undef
+
+  return $el1 eq &encode_language_tag($_[1]) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+###########################################################################
+
+=item * the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
+
+Returns an integer representing the degree of similarity between
+tags $lang1 and $lang2 (the order of which does not matter), where
+similarity is the number of common elements on the left,
+without regard to case and to x/i- alternation.
+
+   similarity_language_tag('fr', 'fr-ca')           is 1
+      (one element in common)
+   similarity_language_tag('fr-ca', 'fr-FR')        is 1
+      (one element in common)
+
+   similarity_language_tag('fr-CA-joual',
+                           'fr-CA-PEI')             is 2
+   similarity_language_tag('fr-CA-joual', 'fr-CA')  is 2
+      (two elements in common)
+
+   similarity_language_tag('x-kadara', 'i-kadara')  is 1
+      (x/i- doesn't matter)
+
+   similarity_language_tag('en',       'x-kadar')   is 0
+   similarity_language_tag('x-kadara', 'x-kadar')   is 0
+      (unrelated tags -- no similarity)
+
+   similarity_language_tag('i-cree-syllabic',
+                           'i-cherokee-syllabic')   is 0
+      (no B<leftmost> elements in common!)
+
+=cut
+
+sub similarity_language_tag {
+  my $lang1 = &encode_language_tag($_[0]);
+  my $lang2 = &encode_language_tag($_[1]);
+   # And encode_language_tag takes care of the whole
+   #  no-nyn==nn, i-hakka==zh-hakka, etc, things
+   
+  # NB: (i-sil-...)?  (i-sgn-...)?
+
+  return undef if !defined($lang1) and !defined($lang2);
+  return 0 if !defined($lang1) or !defined($lang2);
+
+  my @l1_subtags = split('-', $lang1);
+  my @l2_subtags = split('-', $lang2);
+  my $similarity = 0;
+
+  while(@l1_subtags and @l2_subtags) {
+    if(shift(@l1_subtags) eq shift(@l2_subtags)) {
+      ++$similarity;
+    } else {
+      last;
+    } 
+  }
+  return $similarity;
+}
+
+###########################################################################
+
+=item * the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
+
+Returns true iff language tag $lang1 represents a subform of
+language tag $lang2.
+
+B<Get the order right!  It doesn't work the other way around!>
+
+   is_dialect_of('en-US', 'en')            is TRUE
+     (American English IS a dialect of all-English)
+
+   is_dialect_of('fr-CA-joual', 'fr-CA')   is TRUE
+   is_dialect_of('fr-CA-joual', 'fr')      is TRUE
+     (Joual is a dialect of (a dialect of) French)
+
+   is_dialect_of('en', 'en-US')            is FALSE
+     (all-English is a NOT dialect of American English)
+
+   is_dialect_of('fr', 'en-CA')            is FALSE
+
+   is_dialect_of('en',    'en'   )         is TRUE
+   is_dialect_of('en-US', 'en-US')         is TRUE
+     (B<Note:> these are degenerate cases)
+
+   is_dialect_of('i-mingo-tom', 'x-Mingo') is TRUE
+     (the x/i thing doesn't matter, nor does case)
+
+   is_dialect_of('nn', 'no')               is TRUE
+     (because 'nn' (New Norse) is aliased to 'no-nyn',
+      as a special legacy case, and 'no-nyn' is a
+      subform of 'no' (Norwegian))
+
+=cut
+
+sub is_dialect_of {
+
+  my $lang1 = &encode_language_tag($_[0]);
+  my $lang2 = &encode_language_tag($_[1]);
+
+  return undef if !defined($lang1) and !defined($lang2);
+  return 0 if !defined($lang1) or !defined($lang2);
+
+  return 1 if $lang1 eq $lang2;
+  return 0 if length($lang1) < length($lang2);
+
+  $lang1 .= '-';
+  $lang2 .= '-';
+  return
+    (substr($lang1, 0, length($lang2)) eq $lang2) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+###########################################################################
+
+=item * the function super_languages($lang1)
+
+Returns a list of language tags that are superordinate tags to $lang1
+-- it gets this by removing subtags from the end of $lang1 until
+nothing (or just "i" or "x") is left.
+
+   super_languages("fr-CA-joual")  is  ("fr-CA", "fr")
+
+   super_languages("en-AU")  is  ("en")
+
+   super_languages("en")  is  empty-list, ()
+
+   super_languages("i-cherokee")  is  empty-list, ()
+    ...not ("i"), which would be illegal as well as pointless.
+
+If $lang1 is not a valid language tag, returns empty-list in
+a list context, undef in a scalar context.
+
+A notable and rather unavoidable problem with this method:
+"x-mingo-tom" has an "x" because the whole tag isn't an
+IANA-registered tag -- but super_languages('x-mingo-tom') is
+('x-mingo') -- which isn't really right, since 'i-mingo' is
+registered.  But this module has no way of knowing that.  (But note
+that same_language_tag('x-mingo', 'i-mingo') is TRUE.)
+
+More importantly, you assume I<at your peril> that superordinates of
+$lang1 are mutually intelligible with $lang1.  Consider this
+carefully.
+
+=cut 
+
+sub super_languages {
+  my $lang1 = $_[0];
+  return() unless defined($lang1) && &is_language_tag($lang1);
+
+  # a hack for those annoying new (2001) tags:
+  $lang1 =~ s/^nb\b/no-bok/i; # yes, backwards
+  $lang1 =~ s/^nn\b/no-nyn/i; # yes, backwards
+  $lang1 =~ s/^[ix](-hakka\b)/zh$1/i; # goes the right way
+   # i-hakka-bork-bjork-bjark => zh-hakka-bork-bjork-bjark
+
+  my @l1_subtags = split('-', $lang1);
+
+  ## Changes in the language tagging standards may have to be reflected here.
+
+  # NB: (i-sil-...)?
+
+  my @supers = ();
+  foreach my $bit (@l1_subtags) {
+    push @supers, 
+      scalar(@supers) ? ($supers[-1] . '-' . $bit) : $bit;
+  }
+  pop @supers if @supers;
+  shift @supers if @supers && $supers[0] =~ m<^[iIxX]$>s;
+  return reverse @supers;
+}
+
+###########################################################################
+
+=item * the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
+
+This takes a locale name (like "en", "en_US", or "en_US.ISO8859-1")
+and maps it to a language tag.  If it's not mappable (as with,
+notably, "C" and "POSIX"), this returns empty-list in a list context,
+or undef in a scalar context.
+
+   locale2language_tag("en") is "en"
+
+   locale2language_tag("en_US") is "en-US"
+
+   locale2language_tag("en_US.ISO8859-1") is "en-US"
+
+   locale2language_tag("C") is undef or ()
+
+   locale2language_tag("POSIX") is undef or ()
+
+   locale2language_tag("POSIX") is undef or ()
+
+I'm not totally sure that locale names map satisfactorily to language
+tags.  Think REAL hard about how you use this.  YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED.
+
+The output is untainted.  If you don't know what tainting is,
+don't worry about it.
+
+=cut 
+
+sub locale2language_tag {
+  my $lang =
+    $_[0] =~ m/(.+)/  # to make for an untainted result
+    ? $1 : ''
+  ;
+
+  return $lang if &is_language_tag($lang); # like "en"
+
+  $lang =~ tr<_><->;  # "en_US" -> en-US
+  $lang =~ s<(?:[\.\@][-_a-zA-Z0-9]+)+$><>s;  # "en_US.ISO8859-1" -> en-US
+   # it_IT.utf8@euro => it-IT
+
+  return $lang if &is_language_tag($lang);
+
+  return;
+}
+
+###########################################################################
+
+=item * the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
+
+This function, if given a language tag, returns an encoding of it such
+that:
+
+* tags representing different languages never get the same encoding.
+
+* tags representing the same language always get the same encoding.
+
+* an encoding of a formally valid language tag always is a string
+value that is defined, has length, and is true if considered as a
+boolean.
+
+Note that the encoding itself is B<not> a formally valid language tag.
+Note also that you cannot, currently, go from an encoding back to a
+language tag that it's an encoding of.
+
+Note also that you B<must> consider the encoded value as atomic; i.e.,
+you should not consider it as anything but an opaque, unanalysable
+string value.  (The internals of the encoding method may change in
+future versions, as the language tagging standard changes over time.)
+
+C<encode_language_tag> returns undef if given anything other than a
+formally valid language tag.
+
+The reason C<encode_language_tag> exists is because different language
+tags may represent the same language; this is normally treatable with
+C<same_language_tag>, but consider this situation:
+
+You have a data file that expresses greetings in different languages.
+Its format is "[language tag]=[how to say 'Hello']", like:
+
+          en-US=Hiho
+          fr=Bonjour
+          i-mingo=Hau'
+
+And suppose you write a program that reads that file and then runs as
+a daemon, answering client requests that specify a language tag and
+then expect the string that says how to greet in that language.  So an
+interaction looks like:
+
+          greeting-client asks:    fr
+          greeting-server answers: Bonjour
+
+So far so good.  But suppose the way you're implementing this is:
+
+          my %greetings;
+          die unless open(IN, "<in.dat");
+          while(<IN>) {
+            chomp;
+            next unless /^([^=]+)=(.+)/s;
+            my($lang, $expr) = ($1, $2);
+            $greetings{$lang} = $expr;
+          }
+          close(IN);
+
+at which point %greetings has the contents:
+
+          "en-US"   => "Hiho"
+          "fr"      => "Bonjour"
+          "i-mingo" => "Hau'"
+
+And suppose then that you answer client requests for language $wanted
+by just looking up $greetings{$wanted}.
+
+If the client asks for "fr", that will look up successfully in
+%greetings, to the value "Bonjour".  And if the client asks for
+"i-mingo", that will look up successfully in %greetings, to the value
+"Hau'".
+
+But if the client asks for "i-Mingo" or "x-mingo", or "Fr", then the
+lookup in %greetings fails.  That's the Wrong Thing.
+
+You could instead do lookups on $wanted with:
+
+          use I18N::LangTags qw(same_language_tag);
+          my $response = '';
+          foreach my $l2 (keys %greetings) {
+            if(same_language_tag($wanted, $l2)) {
+              $response = $greetings{$l2};
+              last;
+            }
+          }
+
+But that's rather inefficient.  A better way to do it is to start your
+program with:
+
+          use I18N::LangTags qw(encode_language_tag);
+          my %greetings;
+          die unless open(IN, "<in.dat");
+          while(<IN>) {
+            chomp;
+            next unless /^([^=]+)=(.+)/s;
+            my($lang, $expr) = ($1, $2);
+            $greetings{
+                        encode_language_tag($lang)
+                      } = $expr;
+          }
+          close(IN);
+
+and then just answer client requests for language $wanted by just
+looking up
+
+          $greetings{encode_language_tag($wanted)}
+
+And that does the Right Thing.
+
+=cut
+
+sub encode_language_tag {
+  # Only similarity_language_tag() is allowed to analyse encodings!
+
+  ## Changes in the language tagging standards may have to be reflected here.
+
+  my($tag) = $_[0] || return undef;
+  return undef unless &is_language_tag($tag);
+
+  # For the moment, these legacy variances are few enough that
+  #  we can just handle them here with regexps.
+  $tag =~ s/^iw\b/he/i; # Hebrew
+  $tag =~ s/^in\b/id/i; # Indonesian
+  $tag =~ s/^cre\b/cr/i; # Cree
+  $tag =~ s/^jw\b/jv/i; # Javanese
+  $tag =~ s/^[ix]-lux\b/lb/i;  # Luxemburger
+  $tag =~ s/^[ix]-navajo\b/nv/i;  # Navajo
+  $tag =~ s/^ji\b/yi/i;  # Yiddish
+  # SMB 2003 -- Hm.  There's a bunch of new XXX->YY variances now,
+  #  but maybe they're all so obscure I can ignore them.   "Obscure"
+  #  meaning either that the language is obscure, and/or that the
+  #  XXX form was extant so briefly that it's unlikely it was ever
+  #  used.  I hope.
+  #
+  # These go FROM the simplex to complex form, to get
+  #  similarity-comparison right.  And that's okay, since
+  #  similarity_language_tag is the only thing that
+  #  analyzes our output.
+  $tag =~ s/^[ix]-hakka\b/zh-hakka/i;  # Hakka
+  $tag =~ s/^nb\b/no-bok/i;  # BACKWARDS for Bokmal
+  $tag =~ s/^nn\b/no-nyn/i;  # BACKWARDS for Nynorsk
+
+  $tag =~ s/^[xiXI]-//s;
+   # Just lop off any leading "x/i-"
+
+  return "~" . uc($tag);
+}
+
+#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+=item * the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
+
+This function, if given a language tag, returns all language tags that
+are alternate forms of this language tag.  (I.e., tags which refer to
+the same language.)  This is meant to handle legacy tags caused by
+the minor changes in language tag standards over the years; and
+the x-/i- alternation is also dealt with.
+
+Note that this function does I<not> try to equate new (and never-used,
+and unusable)
+ISO639-2 three-letter tags to old (and still in use) ISO639-1
+two-letter equivalents -- like "ara" -> "ar" -- because
+"ara" has I<never> been in use as an Internet language tag,
+and RFC 3066 stipulates that it never should be, since a shorter
+tag ("ar") exists.
+
+Examples:
+
+          alternate_language_tags('no-bok')       is ('nb')
+          alternate_language_tags('nb')           is ('no-bok')
+          alternate_language_tags('he')           is ('iw')
+          alternate_language_tags('iw')           is ('he')
+          alternate_language_tags('i-hakka')      is ('zh-hakka', 'x-hakka')
+          alternate_language_tags('zh-hakka')     is ('i-hakka', 'x-hakka')
+          alternate_language_tags('en')           is ()
+          alternate_language_tags('x-mingo-tom')  is ('i-mingo-tom')
+          alternate_language_tags('x-klikitat')   is ('i-klikitat')
+          alternate_language_tags('i-klikitat')   is ('x-klikitat')
+
+This function returns empty-list if given anything other than a formally
+valid language tag.
+
+=cut
+
+my %alt = qw( i x   x i   I X   X I );
+sub alternate_language_tags {
+  my $tag = $_[0];
+  return() unless &is_language_tag($tag);
+
+  my @em; # push 'em real goood!
+
+  # For the moment, these legacy variances are few enough that
+  #  we can just handle them here with regexps.
+  
+  if(     $tag =~ m/^[ix]-hakka\b(.*)/i) {push @em, "zh-hakka$1";
+  } elsif($tag =~ m/^zh-hakka\b(.*)/i) {  push @em, "x-hakka$1", "i-hakka$1";
+
+  } elsif($tag =~ m/^he\b(.*)/i) { push @em, "iw$1";
+  } elsif($tag =~ m/^iw\b(.*)/i) { push @em, "he$1";
+
+  } elsif($tag =~ m/^in\b(.*)/i) { push @em, "id$1";
+  } elsif($tag =~ m/^id\b(.*)/i) { push @em, "in$1";
+
+  } elsif($tag =~ m/^[ix]-lux\b(.*)/i) { push @em, "lb$1";
+  } elsif($tag =~ m/^lb\b(.*)/i) {       push @em, "i-lux$1", "x-lux$1";
+
+  } elsif($tag =~ m/^[ix]-navajo\b(.*)/i) { push @em, "nv$1";
+  } elsif($tag =~ m/^nv\b(.*)/i) {          push @em, "i-navajo$1", "x-navajo$1";
+
+  } elsif($tag =~ m/^yi\b(.*)/i) { push @em, "ji$1";
+  } elsif($tag =~ m/^ji\b(.*)/i) { push @em, "yi$1";
+
+  } elsif($tag =~ m/^nb\b(.*)/i) {     push @em, "no-bok$1";
+  } elsif($tag =~ m/^no-bok\b(.*)/i) { push @em, "nb$1";
+  
+  } elsif($tag =~ m/^nn\b(.*)/i) {     push @em, "no-nyn$1";
+  } elsif($tag =~ m/^no-nyn\b(.*)/i) { push @em, "nn$1";
+  }
+
+  push @em, $alt{$1} . $2 if $tag =~ /^([XIxi])(-.+)/;
+  return @em;
+}
+
+###########################################################################
+
+{
+  # Init %Panic...
+  
+  my @panic = (  # MUST all be lowercase!
+   # Only large ("national") languages make it in this list.
+   #  If you, as a user, are so bizarre that the /only/ language
+   #  you claim to accept is Galician, then no, we won't do you
+   #  the favor of providing Catalan as a panic-fallback for
+   #  you.  Because if I start trying to add "little languages" in
+   #  here, I'll just go crazy.
+
+   # Scandinavian lgs.  All based on opinion and hearsay.
+   'sv' => [qw(nb no da nn)],
+   'da' => [qw(nb no sv nn)], # I guess
+   [qw(no nn nb)], [qw(no nn nb sv da)],
+   'is' => [qw(da sv no nb nn)],
+   'fo' => [qw(da is no nb nn sv)], # I guess
+   
+   # I think this is about the extent of tolerable intelligibility
+   #  among large modern Romance languages.
+   'pt' => [qw(es ca it fr)], # Portuguese, Spanish, Catalan, Italian, French
+   'ca' => [qw(es pt it fr)],
+   'es' => [qw(ca it fr pt)],
+   'it' => [qw(es fr ca pt)],
+   'fr' => [qw(es it ca pt)],
+   
+   # Also assume that speakers of the main Indian languages prefer
+   #  to read/hear Hindi over English
+   [qw(
+     as bn gu kn ks kok ml mni mr ne or pa sa sd te ta ur
+   )] => 'hi',
+    # Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, [Hindi,] Kannada (Kanarese), Kashmiri,
+    # Konkani, Malayalam, Meithei (Manipuri), Marathi, Nepali, Oriya,
+    # Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu, Tamil, and Urdu.
+   'hi' => [qw(bn pa as or)],
+   # I welcome finer data for the other Indian languages.
+   #  E.g., what should Oriya's list be, besides just Hindi?
+   
+   # And the panic languages for English is, of course, nil!
+
+   # My guesses at Slavic intelligibility:
+   ([qw(ru be uk)]) x 2,  # Russian, Belarusian, Ukranian
+   'sr' => 'hr', 'hr' => 'sr', # Serb + Croat
+   'cs' => 'sk', 'sk' => 'cs', # Czech + Slovak
+
+   'ms' => 'id', 'id' => 'ms', # Malay + Indonesian
+
+   'et' => 'fi', 'fi' => 'et', # Estonian + Finnish
+
+   #?? 'lo' => 'th', 'th' => 'lo', # Lao + Thai
+
+  );
+  my($k,$v);
+  while(@panic) {
+    ($k,$v) = splice(@panic,0,2);
+    foreach my $k (ref($k) ? @$k : $k) {
+      foreach my $v (ref($v) ? @$v : $v) {
+        push @{$Panic{$k} ||= []}, $v unless $k eq $v;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+=item * the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
+
+This function takes a list of 0 or more language
+tags that constitute a given user's Accept-Language list, and
+returns a list of tags for I<other> (non-super)
+languages that are probably acceptable to the user, to be
+used I<if all else fails>.
+
+For example, if a user accepts only 'ca' (Catalan) and
+'es' (Spanish), and the documents/interfaces you have
+available are just in German, Italian, and Chinese, then
+the user will most likely want the Italian one (and not
+the Chinese or German one!), instead of getting
+nothing.  So C<panic_languages('ca', 'es')> returns
+a list containing 'it' (Italian).
+
+English ('en') is I<always> in the return list, but
+whether it's at the very end or not depends
+on the input languages.  This function works by consulting
+an internal table that stipulates what common
+languages are "close" to each other.
+
+A useful construct you might consider using is:
+
+  @fallbacks = super_languages(@accept_languages);
+  push @fallbacks, panic_languages(
+    @accept_languages, @fallbacks,
+  );
+
+=cut
+
+sub panic_languages {
+  # When in panic or in doubt, run in circles, scream, and shout!
+  my(@out, %seen);
+  foreach my $t (@_) {
+    next unless $t;
+    next if $seen{$t}++; # so we don't return it or hit it again
+    # push @out, super_languages($t); # nah, keep that separate
+    push @out, @{ $Panic{lc $t} || next };
+  }
+  return grep !$seen{$_}++,  @out, 'en';
+}
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+=item * the function implicate_supers( ...languages... )
+
+This takes a list of strings (which are presumed to be language-tags;
+strings that aren't, are ignored); and after each one, this function
+inserts super-ordinate forms that don't already appear in the list.
+The original list, plus these insertions, is returned.
+
+In other words, it takes this:
+
+  pt-br de-DE en-US fr pt-br-janeiro
+
+and returns this:
+
+  pt-br pt de-DE de en-US en fr pt-br-janeiro
+
+This function is most useful in the idiom
+
+  implicate_supers( I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect() );
+
+(See L<I18N::LangTags::Detect>.)
+
+
+=item * the function implicate_supers_strictly( ...languages... )
+
+This works like C<implicate_supers> except that the implicated
+forms are added to the end of the return list.
+
+In other words, implicate_supers_strictly takes a list of strings
+(which are presumed to be language-tags; strings that aren't, are
+ignored) and after the whole given list, it inserts the super-ordinate forms 
+of all given tags, minus any tags that already appear in the input list.
+
+In other words, it takes this:
+
+  pt-br de-DE en-US fr pt-br-janeiro
+
+and returns this:
+
+  pt-br de-DE en-US fr pt-br-janeiro pt de en
+
+The reason this function has "_strictly" in its name is that when
+you're processing an Accept-Language list according to the RFCs, if
+you interpret the RFCs quite strictly, then you would use
+implicate_supers_strictly, but for normal use (i.e., common-sense use,
+as far as I'm concerned) you'd use implicate_supers.
+
+=cut
+
+sub implicate_supers {
+  my @languages = grep is_language_tag($_), @_;
+  my %seen_encoded;
+  foreach my $lang (@languages) {
+    $seen_encoded{ I18N::LangTags::encode_language_tag($lang) } = 1
+  }
+
+  my(@output_languages);
+  foreach my $lang (@languages) {
+    push @output_languages, $lang;
+    foreach my $s ( I18N::LangTags::super_languages($lang) ) {
+      # Note that super_languages returns the longest first.
+      last if $seen_encoded{ I18N::LangTags::encode_language_tag($s) };
+      push @output_languages, $s;
+    }
+  }
+  return uniq( @output_languages );
+
+}
+
+sub implicate_supers_strictly {
+  my @tags = grep is_language_tag($_), @_;
+  return uniq( @_,   map super_languages($_), @_ );
+}
+
+
+
+###########################################################################
+1;
+__END__
+
+=back
+
+=head1 ABOUT LOWERCASING
+
+I've considered making all the above functions that output language
+tags return all those tags strictly in lowercase.  Having all your
+language tags in lowercase does make some things easier.  But you
+might as well just lowercase as you like, or call
+C<encode_language_tag($lang1)> where appropriate.
+
+=head1 ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
+
+In some future version of I18N::LangTags, I plan to include support
+for RFC2482-style language tags -- which are basically just normal
+language tags with their ASCII characters shifted into Plane 14.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+* L<I18N::LangTags::List|I18N::LangTags::List>
+
+* RFC 3066, C<ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc3066.txt>, "Tags for the
+Identification of Languages".  (Obsoletes RFC 1766)
+
+* RFC 2277, C<ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2277.txt>, "IETF Policy on
+Character Sets and Languages".
+
+* RFC 2231, C<ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2231.txt>, "MIME Parameter
+Value and Encoded Word Extensions: Character Sets, Languages, and
+Continuations".
+
+* RFC 2482, C<ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2482.txt>, 
+"Language Tagging in Unicode Plain Text".
+
+* Locale::Codes, in
+C<http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/by-module/Locale/>
+
+* ISO 639-2, "Codes for the representation of names of languages",
+including two-letter and three-letter codes,
+C<http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langcodes.html>
+
+* The IANA list of registered languages (hopefully up-to-date),
+C<http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-tags>
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright (c) 1998+ Sean M. Burke. All rights reserved.
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+The programs and documentation in this dist are distributed in
+the hope that they will be useful, but without any warranty; without
+even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a
+particular purpose.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Sean M. Burke C<sburke@cpan.org>
+
+=cut
+
diff --git a/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags/Detect.pm b/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags/Detect.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f1b7c006a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags/Detect.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+
+# Time-stamp: "2004-06-20 21:47:55 ADT"
+
+require 5;
+package I18N::LangTags::Detect;
+use strict;
+
+use vars qw( @ISA $VERSION $MATCH_SUPERS $USING_LANGUAGE_TAGS
+             $USE_LITERALS $MATCH_SUPERS_TIGHTLY);
+
+BEGIN { unless(defined &DEBUG) { *DEBUG = sub () {0} } }
+ # define the constant 'DEBUG' at compile-time
+
+$VERSION = "1.03";
+@ISA = ();
+use I18N::LangTags qw(alternate_language_tags locale2language_tag);
+
+sub _uniq { my %seen; return grep(!($seen{$_}++), @_); }
+sub _normalize {
+  my(@languages) =
+    map lc($_),
+    grep $_,
+    map {; $_, alternate_language_tags($_) } @_;
+  return _uniq(@languages) if wantarray;
+  return $languages[0];
+}
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The extent of our functional interface:
+
+sub detect () { return __PACKAGE__->ambient_langprefs; }
+
+#===========================================================================
+
+sub ambient_langprefs { # always returns things untainted
+  my $base_class = $_[0];
+  
+  return $base_class->http_accept_langs
+   if length( $ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'} || '' ); # I'm a CGI
+       # it's off in its own routine because it's complicated
+
+  # Not running as a CGI: try to puzzle out from the environment
+  my @languages;
+
+  foreach my $envname (qw( LANGUAGE LC_ALL LC_MESSAGES LANG )) {
+    next unless $ENV{$envname};
+    DEBUG and print "Noting \$$envname: $ENV{$envname}\n";
+    push @languages,
+      map locale2language_tag($_),
+        # if it's a lg tag, fine, pass thru (untainted)
+        # if it's a locale ID, try converting to a lg tag (untainted),
+        # otherwise nix it.
+
+      split m/[,:]/,
+      $ENV{$envname}
+    ;
+    last; # first one wins
+  }
+  
+  if($ENV{'IGNORE_WIN32_LOCALE'}) {
+    # no-op
+  } elsif(&_try_use('Win32::Locale')) {
+    # If we have that module installed...
+    push @languages, Win32::Locale::get_language() || ''
+     if defined &Win32::Locale::get_language;
+  }
+  return _normalize @languages;
+}
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+sub http_accept_langs {
+  # Deal with HTTP "Accept-Language:" stuff.  Hassle.
+  # This code is more lenient than RFC 3282, which you must read.
+  # Hm.  Should I just move this into I18N::LangTags at some point?
+  no integer;
+
+  my $in = (@_ > 1) ? $_[1] : $ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'};
+  # (always ends up untainting)
+
+  return() unless defined $in and length $in;
+
+  $in =~ s/\([^\)]*\)//g; # nix just about any comment
+  
+  if( $in =~ m/^\s*([a-zA-Z][-a-zA-Z]+)\s*$/s ) {
+    # Very common case: just one language tag
+    return _normalize $1;
+  } elsif( $in =~ m/^\s*[a-zA-Z][-a-zA-Z]+(?:\s*,\s*[a-zA-Z][-a-zA-Z]+)*\s*$/s ) {
+    # Common case these days: just "foo, bar, baz"
+    return _normalize( $in =~ m/([a-zA-Z][-a-zA-Z]+)/g );
+  }
+
+  # Else it's complicated...
+
+  $in =~ s/\s+//g;  # Yes, we can just do without the WS!
+  my @in = $in =~ m/([^,]+)/g;
+  my %pref;
+  
+  my $q;
+  foreach my $tag (@in) {
+    next unless $tag =~
+     m/^([a-zA-Z][-a-zA-Z]+)
+        (?:
+         ;q=
+         (
+          \d*   # a bit too broad of a RE, but so what.
+          (?:
+            \.\d+
+          )?
+         )
+        )?
+       $
+      /sx
+    ;
+    $q = (defined $2 and length $2) ? $2 : 1;
+    #print "$1 with q=$q\n";
+    push @{ $pref{$q} }, lc $1;
+  }
+
+  return _normalize(
+    # Read off %pref, in descending key order...
+    map @{$pref{$_}},
+    sort {$b <=> $a}
+    keys %pref
+  );
+}
+
+#===========================================================================
+
+my %tried = ();
+  # memoization of whether we've used this module, or found it unusable.
+
+sub _try_use {   # Basically a wrapper around "require Modulename"
+  # "Many men have tried..."  "They tried and failed?"  "They tried and died."
+  return $tried{$_[0]} if exists $tried{$_[0]};  # memoization
+
+  my $module = $_[0];   # ASSUME sane module name!
+  { no strict 'refs';
+    return($tried{$module} = 1)
+     if defined(%{$module . "::Lexicon"}) or defined(@{$module . "::ISA"});
+    # weird case: we never use'd it, but there it is!
+  }
+
+  print " About to use $module ...\n" if DEBUG;
+  {
+    local $SIG{'__DIE__'};
+    eval "require $module"; # used to be "use $module", but no point in that.
+  }
+  if($@) {
+    print "Error using $module \: $@\n" if DEBUG > 1;
+    return $tried{$module} = 0;
+  } else {
+    print " OK, $module is used\n" if DEBUG;
+    return $tried{$module} = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+1;
+__END__
+
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+I18N::LangTags::Detect - detect the user's language preferences
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+  use I18N::LangTags::Detect;
+  my @user_wants = I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect();
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+It is a common problem to want to detect what language(s) the user would
+prefer output in.
+
+=head1 FUNCTIONS
+
+This module defines one public function,
+C<I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()>.  This function is not exported
+(nor is even exportable), and it takes no parameters.
+
+In scalar context, the function returns the most preferred language
+tag (or undef if no preference was seen).
+
+In list context (which is usually what you want),
+the function returns a
+(possibly empty) list of language tags representing (best first) what
+languages the user apparently would accept output in.  You will
+probably want to pass the output of this through
+C<I18N::LangTags::implicate_supers_tightly(...)>
+or
+C<I18N::LangTags::implicate_supers(...)>, like so:
+
+  my @languages =
+    I18N::LangTags::implicate_supers_tightly(
+      I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()
+    );
+
+
+=head1 ENVIRONMENT
+
+This module looks for several environment variables, including
+REQUEST_METHOD, HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE,
+LANGUAGE, LC_ALL, LC_MESSAGES, and LANG.
+
+It will also use the L<Win32::Locale> module, if it's installed.
+
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<I18N::LangTags>, L<Win32::Locale>, L<Locale::Maketext>.
+
+(This module's core code started out as a routine in Locale::Maketext;
+but I moved it here once I realized it was more generally useful.)
+
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright (c) 1998-2004 Sean M. Burke. All rights reserved.
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+The programs and documentation in this dist are distributed in
+the hope that they will be useful, but without any warranty; without
+even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a
+particular purpose.
+
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Sean M. Burke C<sburke@cpan.org>
+
+=cut
+
+# a tip: Put a bit of chopped up pickled ginger in your salad. It's tasty!
diff --git a/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags/List.pm b/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags/List.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5494bea21e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags/List.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,1779 @@
+
+require 5;
+package I18N::LangTags::List;
+#  Time-stamp: "2004-10-06 23:26:21 ADT"
+use strict;
+use vars qw(%Name %Is_Disrec $Debug $VERSION);
+$VERSION = '0.35';
+# POD at the end.
+
+#----------------------------------------------------------------------
+{
+# read the table out of our own POD!
+  my $seeking = 1;
+  my $count = 0;
+  my($disrec,$tag,$name);
+  my $last_name = '';
+  while(<I18N::LangTags::List::DATA>) {
+    if($seeking) {
+      $seeking = 0 if m/=for woohah/;
+    } elsif( ($disrec, $tag, $name) =
+          m/(\[?)\{([-0-9a-zA-Z]+)\}(?:\s*:)?\s*([^\[\]]+)/
+    ) {
+      $name =~ s/\s*[;\.]*\s*$//g;
+      next unless $name;
+      ++$count;
+      print "<$tag> <$name>\n" if $Debug;
+      $last_name = $Name{$tag} = $name;
+      $Is_Disrec{$tag} = 1 if $disrec;
+    } elsif (m/[Ff]ormerly \"([-a-z0-9]+)\"/) {
+      $Name{$1} = "$last_name (old tag)" if $last_name;
+      $Is_Disrec{$1} = 1;
+    }
+  }
+  die "No tags read??" unless $count;
+}
+#----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+sub name {
+  my $tag = lc($_[0] || return);
+  $tag =~ s/^\s+//s;
+  $tag =~ s/\s+$//s;
+  
+  my $alt;
+  if($tag =~ m/^x-(.+)/) {
+    $alt = "i-$1";
+  } elsif($tag =~ m/^i-(.+)/) {
+    $alt = "x-$1";
+  } else {
+    $alt = '';
+  }
+  
+  my $subform = '';
+  my $name = '';
+  print "Input: {$tag}\n" if $Debug;
+  while(length $tag) {
+    last if $name = $Name{$tag};
+    last if $name = $Name{$alt};
+    if($tag =~ s/(-[a-z0-9]+)$//s) {
+      print "Shaving off: $1 leaving $tag\n" if $Debug;
+      $subform = "$1$subform";
+       # and loop around again
+       
+      $alt =~ s/(-[a-z0-9]+)$//s && $Debug && print " alt -> $alt\n";
+    } else {
+      # we're trying to pull a subform off a primary tag. TILT!
+      print "Aborting on: {$name}{$subform}\n" if $Debug;
+      last;
+    }
+  }
+  print "Output: {$name}{$subform}\n" if $Debug;
+  
+  return unless $name;   # Failure
+  return $name unless $subform;   # Exact match
+  $subform =~ s/^-//s;
+  $subform =~ s/-$//s;
+  return "$name (Subform \"$subform\")";
+}
+
+#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+sub is_decent {
+  my $tag = lc($_[0] || return 0);
+  #require I18N::LangTags;
+
+  return 0 unless
+    $tag =~ 
+    /^(?:  # First subtag
+         [xi] | [a-z]{2,3}
+      )
+      (?:  # Subtags thereafter
+         -           # separator
+         [a-z0-9]{1,8}  # subtag  
+      )*
+    $/xs;
+
+  my @supers = ();
+  foreach my $bit (split('-', $tag)) {
+    push @supers, 
+      scalar(@supers) ? ($supers[-1] . '-' . $bit) : $bit;
+  }
+  return 0 unless @supers;
+  shift @supers if $supers[0] =~ m<^(i|x|sgn)$>s;
+  return 0 unless @supers;
+
+  foreach my $f ($tag, @supers) {
+    return 0 if $Is_Disrec{$f};
+    return 2 if $Name{$f};
+     # so that decent subforms of indecent tags are decent
+  }
+  return 2 if $Name{$tag}; # not only is it decent, it's known!
+  return 1;
+}
+
+#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+1;
+
+__DATA__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+  use I18N::LangTags::List;
+  print "Parlez-vous... ", join(', ',
+      I18N::LangTags::List::name('elx') || 'unknown_language',
+      I18N::LangTags::List::name('ar-Kw') || 'unknown_language',
+      I18N::LangTags::List::name('en') || 'unknown_language',
+      I18N::LangTags::List::name('en-CA') || 'unknown_language',
+    ), "?\n";
+
+prints:
+
+  Parlez-vous... Elamite, Kuwait Arabic, English, Canadian English?
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module provides a function 
+C<I18N::LangTags::List::name( I<langtag> ) > that takes
+a language tag (see L<I18N::LangTags|I18N::LangTags>)
+and returns the best attempt at an English name for it, or
+undef if it can't make sense of the tag.
+
+The function I18N::LangTags::List::name(...) is not exported.
+
+This module also provides a function
+C<I18N::LangTags::List::is_decent( I<langtag> )> that returns true iff
+the language tag is syntactically valid and is for general use (like
+"fr" or "fr-ca", below).  That is, it returns false for tags that are
+syntactically invalid and for tags, like "aus", that are listed in
+brackets below.  This function is not exported.
+
+The map of tags-to-names that it uses is accessible as
+%I18N::LangTags::List::Name, and it's the same as the list
+that follows in this documentation, which should be useful
+to you even if you don't use this module.
+
+=head1 ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
+
+Internet language tags, as defined in RFC 3066, are a formalism
+for denoting human languages.  The two-letter ISO 639-1 language
+codes are well known (as "en" for English), as are their forms
+when qualified by a country code ("en-US").  Less well-known are the
+arbitrary-length non-ISO codes (like "i-mingo"), and the 
+recently (in 2001) introduced three-letter ISO-639-2 codes.
+
+Remember these important facts:
+
+=over
+
+=item *
+
+Language tags are not locale IDs.  A locale ID is written with a "_"
+instead of a "-", (almost?) always matches C<m/^\w\w_\w\w\b/>, and
+I<means> something different than a language tag.  A language tag
+denotes a language.  A locale ID denotes a language I<as used in>
+a particular place, in combination with non-linguistic
+location-specific information such as what currency is used
+there.  Locales I<also> often denote character set information,
+as in "en_US.ISO8859-1".
+
+=item *
+
+Language tags are not for computer languages.
+
+=item *
+
+"Dialect" is not a useful term, since there is no objective
+criterion for establishing when two language-forms are
+dialects of eachother, or are separate languages.
+
+=item *
+
+Language tags are not case-sensitive.  en-US, en-us, En-Us, etc.,
+are all the same tag, and denote the same language.
+
+=item *
+
+Not every language tag really refers to a single language.  Some
+language tags refer to conditions: i-default (system-message text
+in English plus maybe other languages), und (undetermined
+language).  Others (notably lots of the three-letter codes) are
+bibliographic tags that classify whole groups of languages, as
+with cus "Cushitic (Other)" (i.e., a
+language that has been classed as Cushtic, but which has no more
+specific code) or the even less linguistically coherent
+sai for "South American Indian (Other)".  Though useful in
+bibliography, B<SUCH TAGS ARE NOT
+FOR GENERAL USE>.  For further guidance, email me.
+
+=item *
+
+Language tags are not country codes.  In fact, they are often
+distinct codes, as with language tag ja for Japanese, and
+ISO 3166 country code C<.jp> for Japan.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 LIST OF LANGUAGES
+
+The first part of each item is the language tag, between
+{...}.  It
+is followed by an English name for the language or language-group.
+Language tags that I judge to be not for general use, are bracketed.
+
+This list is in alphabetical order by English name of the language.
+
+=for reminder
+ The name in the =item line MUST NOT have E<...>'s in it!!
+
+=for woohah START
+
+=over
+
+=item {ab} : Abkhazian
+
+eq Abkhaz
+
+=item {ace} : Achinese
+
+=item {ach} : Acoli
+
+=item {ada} : Adangme
+
+=item {ady} : Adyghe
+
+eq Adygei
+
+=item {aa} : Afar
+
+=item {afh} : Afrihili
+
+(Artificial)
+
+=item {af} : Afrikaans
+
+=item [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)]
+
+=item {ak} : Akan
+
+(Formerly "aka".)
+
+=item {akk} : Akkadian
+
+(Historical)
+
+=item {sq} : Albanian
+
+=item {ale} : Aleut
+
+=item [{alg} : Algonquian languages]
+
+NOT Algonquin!
+
+=item [{tut} : Altaic (Other)]
+
+=item {am} : Amharic
+
+NOT Aramaic!
+
+=item {i-ami} : Ami
+
+eq Amis.  eq 'Amis.  eq Pangca.
+
+=item [{apa} : Apache languages]
+
+=item {ar} : Arabic
+
+Many forms are mutually un-intelligible in spoken media.
+Notable forms:
+{ar-ae} UAE Arabic;
+{ar-bh} Bahrain Arabic;
+{ar-dz} Algerian Arabic;
+{ar-eg} Egyptian Arabic;
+{ar-iq} Iraqi Arabic;
+{ar-jo} Jordanian Arabic;
+{ar-kw} Kuwait Arabic;
+{ar-lb} Lebanese Arabic;
+{ar-ly} Libyan Arabic;
+{ar-ma} Moroccan Arabic;
+{ar-om} Omani Arabic;
+{ar-qa} Qatari Arabic;
+{ar-sa} Sauda Arabic;
+{ar-sy} Syrian Arabic;
+{ar-tn} Tunisian Arabic;
+{ar-ye} Yemen Arabic.
+
+=item {arc} : Aramaic
+
+NOT Amharic!  NOT Samaritan Aramaic!
+
+=item {arp} : Arapaho
+
+=item {arn} : Araucanian
+
+=item {arw} : Arawak
+
+=item {hy} : Armenian
+
+=item {an} : Aragonese
+
+=item [{art} : Artificial (Other)]
+
+=item {ast} : Asturian
+
+eq Bable.
+
+=item {as} : Assamese
+
+=item [{ath} : Athapascan languages]
+
+eq Athabaskan.  eq Athapaskan.  eq Athabascan.
+
+=item [{aus} : Australian languages]
+
+=item [{map} : Austronesian (Other)]
+
+=item {av} : Avaric
+
+(Formerly "ava".)
+
+=item {ae} : Avestan
+
+eq Zend
+
+=item {awa} : Awadhi
+
+=item {ay} : Aymara
+
+=item {az} : Azerbaijani
+
+eq Azeri
+
+Notable forms:
+{az-Arab} Azerbaijani in Arabic script;
+{az-Cyrl} Azerbaijani in Cyrillic script;
+{az-Latn} Azerbaijani in Latin script.
+
+=item {ban} : Balinese
+
+=item [{bat} : Baltic (Other)]
+
+=item {bal} : Baluchi
+
+=item {bm} : Bambara
+
+(Formerly "bam".)
+
+=item [{bai} : Bamileke languages]
+
+=item {bad} : Banda
+
+=item [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)]
+
+=item {bas} : Basa
+
+=item {ba} : Bashkir
+
+=item {eu} : Basque
+
+=item {btk} : Batak (Indonesia)
+
+=item {bej} : Beja
+
+=item {be} : Belarusian
+
+eq Belarussian.  eq Byelarussian.
+eq Belorussian.  eq Byelorussian.
+eq White Russian.  eq White Ruthenian.
+NOT Ruthenian!
+
+=item {bem} : Bemba
+
+=item {bn} : Bengali
+
+eq Bangla.
+
+=item [{ber} : Berber (Other)]
+
+=item {bho} : Bhojpuri
+
+=item {bh} : Bihari
+
+=item {bik} : Bikol
+
+=item {bin} : Bini
+
+=item {bi} : Bislama
+
+eq Bichelamar.
+
+=item {bs} : Bosnian
+
+=item {bra} : Braj
+
+=item {br} : Breton
+
+=item {bug} : Buginese
+
+=item {bg} : Bulgarian
+
+=item {i-bnn} : Bunun
+
+=item {bua} : Buriat
+
+=item {my} : Burmese
+
+=item {cad} : Caddo
+
+=item {car} : Carib
+
+=item {ca} : Catalan
+
+eq CatalE<aacute>n.  eq Catalonian.
+
+=item [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)]
+
+=item {ceb} : Cebuano
+
+=item [{cel} : Celtic (Other)]
+
+Notable forms:
+{cel-gaulish} Gaulish (Historical)
+
+=item [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)]
+
+=item {chg} : Chagatai
+
+(Historical?)
+
+=item [{cmc} : Chamic languages]
+
+=item {ch} : Chamorro
+
+=item {ce} : Chechen
+
+=item {chr} : Cherokee
+
+eq Tsalagi
+
+=item {chy} : Cheyenne
+
+=item {chb} : Chibcha
+
+(Historical)  NOT Chibchan (which is a language family).
+
+=item {ny} : Chichewa
+
+eq Nyanja.  eq Chinyanja.
+
+=item {zh} : Chinese
+
+Many forms are mutually un-intelligible in spoken media.
+Notable forms:
+{zh-Hans} Chinese, in simplified script;
+{zh-Hant} Chinese, in traditional script;
+{zh-tw} Taiwan Chinese;
+{zh-cn} PRC Chinese;
+{zh-sg} Singapore Chinese;
+{zh-mo} Macau Chinese;
+{zh-hk} Hong Kong Chinese;
+{zh-guoyu} Mandarin [Putonghua/Guoyu];
+{zh-hakka} Hakka [formerly "i-hakka"];
+{zh-min} Hokkien;
+{zh-min-nan} Southern Hokkien;
+{zh-wuu} Shanghaiese;
+{zh-xiang} Hunanese;
+{zh-gan} Gan;
+{zh-yue} Cantonese.
+
+=for etc
+{i-hakka} Hakka (old tag)
+
+=item {chn} : Chinook Jargon
+
+eq Chinook Wawa.
+
+=item {chp} : Chipewyan
+
+=item {cho} : Choctaw
+
+=item {cu} : Church Slavic
+
+eq Old Church Slavonic.
+
+=item {chk} : Chuukese
+
+eq Trukese.  eq Chuuk.  eq Truk.  eq Ruk.
+
+=item {cv} : Chuvash
+
+=item {cop} : Coptic
+
+=item {kw} : Cornish
+
+=item {co} : Corsican
+
+eq Corse.
+
+=item {cr} : Cree
+
+NOT Creek!  (Formerly "cre".)
+
+=item {mus} : Creek
+
+NOT Cree!
+
+=item [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
+
+=item [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
+
+=item [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
+
+=item [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
+
+=item {hr} : Croatian
+
+eq Croat.
+
+=item [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)]
+
+=item {cs} : Czech
+
+=item {dak} : Dakota
+
+eq Nakota.  eq Latoka.
+
+=item {da} : Danish
+
+=item {dar} : Dargwa
+
+=item {day} : Dayak
+
+=item {i-default} : Default (Fallthru) Language
+
+Defined in RFC 2277, this is for tagging text
+(which must include English text, and might/should include text
+in other appropriate languages) that is emitted in a context
+where language-negotiation wasn't possible -- in SMTP mail failure
+messages, for example.
+
+=item {del} : Delaware
+
+=item {din} : Dinka
+
+=item {dv} : Divehi
+
+eq Maldivian.  (Formerly "div".)
+
+=item {doi} : Dogri
+
+NOT Dogrib!
+
+=item {dgr} : Dogrib
+
+NOT Dogri!
+
+=item [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)]
+
+=item {dua} : Duala
+
+=item {nl} : Dutch
+
+eq Netherlander.  Notable forms:
+{nl-nl} Netherlands Dutch;
+{nl-be} Belgian Dutch.
+
+=item {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350)
+
+(Historical)
+
+=item {dyu} : Dyula
+
+=item {dz} : Dzongkha
+
+=item {efi} : Efik
+
+=item {egy} : Ancient Egyptian
+
+(Historical)
+
+=item {eka} : Ekajuk
+
+=item {elx} : Elamite
+
+(Historical)
+
+=item {en} : English
+
+Notable forms:
+{en-au} Australian English;
+{en-bz} Belize English;
+{en-ca} Canadian English;
+{en-gb} UK English;
+{en-ie} Irish English;
+{en-jm} Jamaican English;
+{en-nz} New Zealand English;
+{en-ph} Philippine English;
+{en-tt} Trinidad English;
+{en-us} US English;
+{en-za} South African English;
+{en-zw} Zimbabwe English.
+
+=item {enm} : Old English (1100-1500)
+
+(Historical)
+
+=item {ang} : Old English (ca.450-1100)
+
+eq Anglo-Saxon.  (Historical)
+
+=item {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial)
+
+=item {myv} : Erzya
+
+=item {eo} : Esperanto
+
+(Artificial)
+
+=item {et} : Estonian
+
+=item {ee} : Ewe
+
+(Formerly "ewe".)
+
+=item {ewo} : Ewondo
+
+=item {fan} : Fang
+
+=item {fat} : Fanti
+
+=item {fo} : Faroese
+
+=item {fj} : Fijian
+
+=item {fi} : Finnish
+
+=item [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)]
+
+eq Finno-Ugric.  NOT Ugaritic!
+
+=item {fon} : Fon
+
+=item {fr} : French
+
+Notable forms:
+{fr-fr} France French;
+{fr-be} Belgian French;
+{fr-ca} Canadian French;
+{fr-ch} Swiss French;
+{fr-lu} Luxembourg French;
+{fr-mc} Monaco French.
+
+=item {frm} : Middle French (ca.1400-1600)
+
+(Historical)
+
+=item {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400)
+
+(Historical)
+
+=item {fy} : Frisian
+
+=item {fur} : Friulian
+
+=item {ff} : Fulah
+
+(Formerly "ful".)
+
+=item {gaa} : Ga
+
+=item {gd} : Scots Gaelic
+
+NOT Scots!
+
+=item {gl} : Gallegan
+
+eq Galician
+
+=item {lg} : Ganda
+
+(Formerly "lug".)
+
+=item {gay} : Gayo
+
+=item {gba} : Gbaya
+
+=item {gez} : Geez
+
+eq Ge'ez
+
+=item {ka} : Georgian
+
+=item {de} : German
+
+Notable forms:
+{de-at} Austrian German;
+{de-be} Belgian German;
+{de-ch} Swiss German;
+{de-de} Germany German;
+{de-li} Liechtenstein German;
+{de-lu} Luxembourg German.
+
+=item {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500)
+
+(Historical)
+
+=item {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050)
+
+(Historical)
+
+=item [{gem} : Germanic (Other)]
+
+=item {gil} : Gilbertese
+
+=item {gon} : Gondi
+
+=item {gor} : Gorontalo
+
+=item {got} : Gothic
+
+(Historical)
+
+=item {grb} : Grebo
+
+=item {grc} : Ancient Greek
+
+(Historical)  (Until 15th century or so.)
+
+=item {el} : Modern Greek
+
+(Since 15th century or so.)
+
+=item {gn} : Guarani
+
+GuaranE<iacute>
+
+=item {gu} : Gujarati
+
+=item {gwi} : Gwich'in
+
+eq Gwichin
+
+=item {hai} : Haida
+
+=item {ht} : Haitian
+
+eq Haitian Creole
+
+=item {ha} : Hausa
+
+=item {haw} : Hawaiian
+
+Hawai'ian
+
+=item {he} : Hebrew
+
+(Formerly "iw".)
+
+=for etc
+{iw} Hebrew (old tag)
+
+=item {hz} : Herero
+
+=item {hil} : Hiligaynon
+
+=item {him} : Himachali
+
+=item {hi} : Hindi
+
+=item {ho} : Hiri Motu
+
+=item {hit} : Hittite
+
+(Historical)
+
+=item {hmn} : Hmong
+
+=item {hu} : Hungarian
+
+=item {hup} : Hupa
+
+=item {iba} : Iban
+
+=item {is} : Icelandic
+
+=item {io} : Ido
+
+(Artificial)
+
+=item {ig} : Igbo
+
+(Formerly "ibo".)
+
+=item {ijo} : Ijo
+
+=item {ilo} : Iloko
+
+=item [{inc} : Indic (Other)]
+
+=item [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)]
+
+=item {id} : Indonesian
+
+(Formerly "in".)
+
+=for etc
+{in} Indonesian (old tag)
+
+=item {inh} : Ingush
+
+=item {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)
+
+(Artificial)  NOT Interlingue!
+
+=item {ie} : Interlingue
+
+(Artificial)  NOT Interlingua!
+
+=item {iu} : Inuktitut
+
+A subform of "Eskimo".
+
+=item {ik} : Inupiaq
+
+A subform of "Eskimo".
+
+=item [{ira} : Iranian (Other)]
+
+=item {ga} : Irish
+
+=item {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200)
+
+(Historical)
+
+=item {sga} : Old Irish (to 900)
+
+(Historical)
+
+=item [{iro} : Iroquoian languages]
+
+=item {it} : Italian
+
+Notable forms:
+{it-it} Italy Italian;
+{it-ch} Swiss Italian.
+
+=item {ja} : Japanese
+
+(NOT "jp"!)
+
+=item {jv} : Javanese
+
+(Formerly "jw" because of a typo.)
+
+=item {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic
+
+=item {jpr} : Judeo-Persian
+
+=item {kbd} : Kabardian
+
+=item {kab} : Kabyle
+
+=item {kac} : Kachin
+
+=item {kl} : Kalaallisut
+
+eq Greenlandic "Eskimo"
+
+=item {xal} : Kalmyk
+
+=item {kam} : Kamba
+
+=item {kn} : Kannada
+
+eq Kanarese.  NOT Canadian!
+
+=item {kr} : Kanuri
+
+(Formerly "kau".)
+
+=item {krc} : Karachay-Balkar
+
+=item {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak
+
+=item {kar} : Karen
+
+=item {ks} : Kashmiri
+
+=item {csb} : Kashubian
+
+eq Kashub
+
+=item {kaw} : Kawi
+
+=item {kk} : Kazakh
+
+=item {kha} : Khasi
+
+=item {km} : Khmer
+
+eq Cambodian.  eq Kampuchean.
+
+=item [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)]
+
+=item {kho} : Khotanese
+
+=item {ki} : Kikuyu
+
+eq Gikuyu.
+
+=item {kmb} : Kimbundu
+
+=item {rw} : Kinyarwanda
+
+=item {ky} : Kirghiz
+
+=item {i-klingon} : Klingon
+
+=item {kv} : Komi
+
+=item {kg} : Kongo
+
+(Formerly "kon".)
+
+=item {kok} : Konkani
+
+=item {ko} : Korean
+
+=item {kos} : Kosraean
+
+=item {kpe} : Kpelle
+
+=item {kro} : Kru
+
+=item {kj} : Kuanyama
+
+=item {kum} : Kumyk
+
+=item {ku} : Kurdish
+
+=item {kru} : Kurukh
+
+=item {kut} : Kutenai
+
+=item {lad} : Ladino
+
+eq Judeo-Spanish.  NOT Ladin (a minority language in Italy).
+
+=item {lah} : Lahnda
+
+NOT Lamba!
+
+=item {lam} : Lamba
+
+NOT Lahnda!
+
+=item {lo} : Lao
+
+eq Laotian.
+
+=item {la} : Latin
+
+(Historical)  NOT Ladin!  NOT Ladino!
+
+=item {lv} : Latvian
+
+eq Lettish.
+
+=item {lb} : Letzeburgesch
+
+eq Luxemburgian, eq Luxemburger.  (Formerly "i-lux".)
+
+=for etc
+{i-lux} Letzeburgesch (old tag)
+
+=item {lez} : Lezghian
+
+=item {li} : Limburgish
+
+eq Limburger, eq Limburgan.  NOT Letzeburgesch!
+
+=item {ln} : Lingala
+
+=item {lt} : Lithuanian
+
+=item {nds} : Low German
+
+eq Low Saxon.  eq Low German.  eq Low Saxon.
+
+=item {art-lojban} : Lojban (Artificial)
+
+=item {loz} : Lozi
+
+=item {lu} : Luba-Katanga
+
+(Formerly "lub".)
+
+=item {lua} : Luba-Lulua
+
+=item {lui} : Luiseno
+
+eq LuiseE<ntilde>o.
+
+=item {lun} : Lunda
+
+=item {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)
+
+=item {lus} : Lushai
+
+=item {mk} : Macedonian
+
+eq the modern Slavic language spoken in what was Yugoslavia.
+NOT the form of Greek spoken in Greek Macedonia!
+
+=item {mad} : Madurese
+
+=item {mag} : Magahi
+
+=item {mai} : Maithili
+
+=item {mak} : Makasar
+
+=item {mg} : Malagasy
+
+=item {ms} : Malay
+
+NOT Malayalam!
+
+=item {ml} : Malayalam
+
+NOT Malay!
+
+=item {mt} : Maltese
+
+=item {mnc} : Manchu
+
+=item {mdr} : Mandar
+
+NOT Mandarin!
+
+=item {man} : Mandingo
+
+=item {mni} : Manipuri
+
+eq Meithei.
+
+=item [{mno} : Manobo languages]
+
+=item {gv} : Manx
+
+=item {mi} : Maori
+
+NOT Mari!
+
+=item {mr} : Marathi
+
+=item {chm} : Mari
+
+NOT Maori!
+
+=item {mh} : Marshall
+
+eq Marshallese.
+
+=item {mwr} : Marwari
+
+=item {mas} : Masai
+
+=item [{myn} : Mayan languages]
+
+=item {men} : Mende
+
+=item {mic} : Micmac
+
+=item {min} : Minangkabau
+
+=item {i-mingo} : Mingo
+
+eq the Irquoian language West Virginia Seneca.  NOT New York Seneca!
+
+=item [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages]
+
+Don't use this.
+
+=item {moh} : Mohawk
+
+=item {mdf} : Moksha
+
+=item {mo} : Moldavian
+
+eq Moldovan.
+
+=item [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)]
+
+=item {lol} : Mongo
+
+=item {mn} : Mongolian
+
+eq Mongol.
+
+=item {mos} : Mossi
+
+=item [{mul} : Multiple languages]
+
+Not for normal use.
+
+=item [{mun} : Munda languages]
+
+=item {nah} : Nahuatl
+
+=item {nap} : Neapolitan
+
+=item {na} : Nauru
+
+=item {nv} : Navajo
+
+eq Navaho.  (Formerly "i-navajo".)
+
+=for etc
+{i-navajo} Navajo (old tag)
+
+=item {nd} : North Ndebele
+
+=item {nr} : South Ndebele
+
+=item {ng} : Ndonga
+
+=item {ne} : Nepali
+
+eq Nepalese.  Notable forms:
+{ne-np} Nepal Nepali;
+{ne-in} India Nepali.
+
+=item {new} : Newari
+
+=item {nia} : Nias
+
+=item [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)]
+
+=item [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)]
+
+=item {niu} : Niuean
+
+=item {nog} : Nogai
+
+=item {non} : Old Norse
+
+(Historical)
+
+=item [{nai} : North American Indian]
+
+Do not use this.
+
+=item {no} : Norwegian
+
+Note the two following forms:
+
+=item {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal
+
+eq BokmE<aring>l, (A form of Norwegian.)  (Formerly "no-bok".)
+
+=for etc
+{no-bok} Norwegian Bokmal (old tag)
+
+=item {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk
+
+(A form of Norwegian.)  (Formerly "no-nyn".)
+
+=for etc
+{no-nyn} Norwegian Nynorsk (old tag)
+
+=item [{nub} : Nubian languages]
+
+=item {nym} : Nyamwezi
+
+=item {nyn} : Nyankole
+
+=item {nyo} : Nyoro
+
+=item {nzi} : Nzima
+
+=item {oc} : Occitan (post 1500)
+
+eq ProvenE<ccedil>al, eq Provencal
+
+=item {oj} : Ojibwa
+
+eq Ojibwe.  (Formerly "oji".)
+
+=item {or} : Oriya
+
+=item {om} : Oromo
+
+=item {osa} : Osage
+
+=item {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic
+
+=item [{oto} : Otomian languages]
+
+Group of languages collectively called "OtomE<iacute>".
+
+=item {pal} : Pahlavi
+
+eq Pahlevi
+
+=item {i-pwn} : Paiwan
+
+eq Pariwan
+
+=item {pau} : Palauan
+
+=item {pi} : Pali
+
+(Historical?)
+
+=item {pam} : Pampanga
+
+=item {pag} : Pangasinan
+
+=item {pa} : Panjabi
+
+eq Punjabi
+
+=item {pap} : Papiamento
+
+eq Papiamentu.
+
+=item [{paa} : Papuan (Other)]
+
+=item {fa} : Persian
+
+eq Farsi.  eq Iranian.
+
+=item {peo} : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.)
+
+=item [{phi} : Philippine (Other)]
+
+=item {phn} : Phoenician
+
+(Historical)
+
+=item {pon} : Pohnpeian
+
+NOT Pompeiian!
+
+=item {pl} : Polish
+
+=item {pt} : Portuguese
+
+eq Portugese.  Notable forms:
+{pt-pt} Portugal Portuguese;
+{pt-br} Brazilian Portuguese.
+
+=item [{pra} : Prakrit languages]
+
+=item {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500)
+
+eq Old ProvenE<ccedil>al.  (Historical.)
+
+=item {ps} : Pushto
+
+eq Pashto.  eq Pushtu.
+
+=item {qu} : Quechua
+
+eq Quecha.
+
+=item {rm} : Raeto-Romance
+
+eq Romansh.
+
+=item {raj} : Rajasthani
+
+=item {rap} : Rapanui
+
+=item {rar} : Rarotongan
+
+=item [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.]
+
+=item [{roa} : Romance (Other)]
+
+NOT Romanian!  NOT Romany!  NOT Romansh!
+
+=item {ro} : Romanian
+
+eq Rumanian.  NOT Romany!
+
+=item {rom} : Romany
+
+eq Rom.  NOT Romanian!
+
+=item {rn} : Rundi
+
+=item {ru} : Russian
+
+NOT White Russian!  NOT Rusyn!
+
+=item [{sal} : Salishan languages]
+
+Large language group.
+
+=item {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic
+
+NOT Aramaic!
+
+=item {se} : Northern Sami
+
+eq Lappish.  eq Lapp.  eq (Northern) Saami.
+
+=item {sma} : Southern Sami
+
+=item {smn} : Inari Sami
+
+=item {smj} : Lule Sami
+
+=item {sms} : Skolt Sami
+
+=item [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)]
+
+=item {sm} : Samoan
+
+=item {sad} : Sandawe
+
+=item {sg} : Sango
+
+=item {sa} : Sanskrit
+
+(Historical)
+
+=item {sat} : Santali
+
+=item {sc} : Sardinian
+
+eq Sard.
+
+=item {sas} : Sasak
+
+=item {sco} : Scots
+
+NOT Scots Gaelic!
+
+=item {sel} : Selkup
+
+=item [{sem} : Semitic (Other)]
+
+=item {sr} : Serbian
+
+eq Serb.  NOT Sorbian.
+
+Notable forms:
+{sr-Cyrl} : Serbian in Cyrillic script;
+{sr-Latn} : Serbian in Latin script.
+
+=item {srr} : Serer
+
+=item {shn} : Shan
+
+=item {sn} : Shona
+
+=item {sid} : Sidamo
+
+=item {sgn-...} : Sign Languages
+
+Always use with a subtag.  Notable forms:
+{sgn-gb} British Sign Language (BSL);
+{sgn-ie} Irish Sign Language (ESL);
+{sgn-ni} Nicaraguan Sign Language (ISN);
+{sgn-us} American Sign Language (ASL).
+
+(And so on with other country codes as the subtag.)
+
+=item {bla} : Siksika
+
+eq Blackfoot.  eq Pikanii.
+
+=item {sd} : Sindhi
+
+=item {si} : Sinhalese
+
+eq Sinhala.
+
+=item [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)]
+
+=item [{sio} : Siouan languages]
+
+=item {den} : Slave (Athapascan)
+
+("Slavey" is a subform.)
+
+=item [{sla} : Slavic (Other)]
+
+=item {sk} : Slovak
+
+eq Slovakian.
+
+=item {sl} : Slovenian
+
+eq Slovene.
+
+=item {sog} : Sogdian
+
+=item {so} : Somali
+
+=item {son} : Songhai
+
+=item {snk} : Soninke
+
+=item {wen} : Sorbian languages
+
+eq Wendish.  eq Sorb.  eq Lusatian.  eq Wend.  NOT Venda!  NOT Serbian!
+
+=item {nso} : Northern Sotho
+
+=item {st} : Southern Sotho
+
+eq Sutu.  eq Sesotho.
+
+=item [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)]
+
+=item {es} : Spanish
+
+Notable forms:
+{es-ar} Argentine Spanish;
+{es-bo} Bolivian Spanish;
+{es-cl} Chilean Spanish;
+{es-co} Colombian Spanish;
+{es-do} Dominican Spanish;
+{es-ec} Ecuadorian Spanish;
+{es-es} Spain Spanish;
+{es-gt} Guatemalan Spanish;
+{es-hn} Honduran Spanish;
+{es-mx} Mexican Spanish;
+{es-pa} Panamanian Spanish;
+{es-pe} Peruvian Spanish;
+{es-pr} Puerto Rican Spanish;
+{es-py} Paraguay Spanish;
+{es-sv} Salvadoran Spanish;
+{es-us} US Spanish;
+{es-uy} Uruguayan Spanish;
+{es-ve} Venezuelan Spanish.
+
+=item {suk} : Sukuma
+
+=item {sux} : Sumerian
+
+(Historical)
+
+=item {su} : Sundanese
+
+=item {sus} : Susu
+
+=item {sw} : Swahili
+
+eq Kiswahili
+
+=item {ss} : Swati
+
+=item {sv} : Swedish
+
+Notable forms:
+{sv-se} Sweden Swedish;
+{sv-fi} Finland Swedish.
+
+=item {syr} : Syriac
+
+=item {tl} : Tagalog
+
+=item {ty} : Tahitian
+
+=item [{tai} : Tai (Other)]
+
+NOT Thai!
+
+=item {tg} : Tajik
+
+=item {tmh} : Tamashek
+
+=item {ta} : Tamil
+
+=item {i-tao} : Tao
+
+eq Yami.
+
+=item {tt} : Tatar
+
+=item {i-tay} : Tayal
+
+eq Atayal.  eq Atayan.
+
+=item {te} : Telugu
+
+=item {ter} : Tereno
+
+=item {tet} : Tetum
+
+=item {th} : Thai
+
+NOT Tai!
+
+=item {bo} : Tibetan
+
+=item {tig} : Tigre
+
+=item {ti} : Tigrinya
+
+=item {tem} : Timne
+
+eq Themne.  eq Timene.
+
+=item {tiv} : Tiv
+
+=item {tli} : Tlingit
+
+=item {tpi} : Tok Pisin
+
+=item {tkl} : Tokelau
+
+=item {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa)
+
+NOT Tsonga!
+
+=item {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands)
+
+(Pronounced "Tong-a", not "Tong-ga")
+
+NOT Tsonga!
+
+=item {tsi} : Tsimshian
+
+eq Sm'algyax
+
+=item {ts} : Tsonga
+
+NOT Tonga!
+
+=item {i-tsu} : Tsou
+
+=item {tn} : Tswana
+
+Same as Setswana.
+
+=item {tum} : Tumbuka
+
+=item [{tup} : Tupi languages]
+
+=item {tr} : Turkish
+
+(Typically in Roman script)
+
+=item {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)
+
+(Typically in Arabic script)  (Historical)
+
+=item {crh} : Crimean Turkish
+
+eq Crimean Tatar
+
+=item {tk} : Turkmen
+
+eq Turkmeni.
+
+=item {tvl} : Tuvalu
+
+=item {tyv} : Tuvinian
+
+eq Tuvan.  eq Tuvin.
+
+=item {tw} : Twi
+
+=item {udm} : Udmurt
+
+=item {uga} : Ugaritic
+
+NOT Ugric!
+
+=item {ug} : Uighur
+
+=item {uk} : Ukrainian
+
+=item {umb} : Umbundu
+
+=item {und} : Undetermined
+
+Not a tag for normal use.
+
+=item {ur} : Urdu
+
+=item {uz} : Uzbek
+
+eq E<Ouml>zbek
+
+Notable forms:
+{uz-Cyrl} Uzbek in Cyrillic script;
+{uz-Latn} Uzbek in Latin script.
+
+=item {vai} : Vai
+
+=item {ve} : Venda
+
+NOT Wendish!  NOT Wend!  NOT Avestan!  (Formerly "ven".)
+
+=item {vi} : Vietnamese
+
+eq Viet.
+
+=item {vo} : Volapuk
+
+eq VolapE<uuml>k.  (Artificial)
+
+=item {vot} : Votic
+
+eq Votian.  eq Vod.
+
+=item [{wak} : Wakashan languages]
+
+=item {wa} : Walloon
+
+=item {wal} : Walamo
+
+eq Wolaytta.
+
+=item {war} : Waray
+
+Presumably the Philippine language Waray-Waray (SamareE<ntilde>o),
+not the smaller Philippine language Waray Sorsogon, nor the extinct
+Australian language Waray.
+
+=item {was} : Washo
+
+eq Washoe
+
+=item {cy} : Welsh
+
+=item {wo} : Wolof
+
+=item {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use)
+
+"x-" is a prefix for language tags that are not registered with ISO
+or IANA.  Example, x-double-dutch
+
+=item {xh} : Xhosa
+
+=item {sah} : Yakut
+
+=item {yao} : Yao
+
+(The Yao in Malawi?)
+
+=item {yap} : Yapese
+
+eq Yap
+
+=item {ii} : Sichuan Yi
+
+=item {yi} : Yiddish
+
+Formerly "ji".  Usually in Hebrew script.
+
+Notable forms:
+{yi-latn} Yiddish in Latin script
+
+=item {yo} : Yoruba
+
+=item [{ypk} : Yupik languages]
+
+Several "Eskimo" languages.
+
+=item {znd} : Zande
+
+=item [{zap} : Zapotec]
+
+(A group of languages.)
+
+=item {zen} : Zenaga
+
+NOT Zend.
+
+=item {za} : Zhuang
+
+=item {zu} : Zulu
+
+=item {zun} : Zuni
+
+eq ZuE<ntilde>i
+
+=back
+
+=for woohah END
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<I18N::LangTags|I18N::LangTags> and its "See Also" section.
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
+
+Copyright (c) 2001+ Sean M. Burke. All rights reserved.
+
+You can redistribute and/or
+modify this document under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+This document is provided in the hope that it will be
+useful, but without any warranty;
+without even the implied warranty of accuracy, authoritativeness,
+completeness, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose.
+
+Email any corrections or questions to me.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Sean M. Burke, sburkeE<64>cpan.org
+
+=cut
+
+
+# To generate a list of just the two and three-letter codes:
+
+#!/usr/local/bin/perl -w
+
+require 5; # Time-stamp: "2001-03-13 21:53:39 MST"
+ # Sean M. Burke, sburke@cpan.org
+ # This program is for generating the language_codes.txt file
+use strict;
+use LWP::Simple;
+use HTML::TreeBuilder 3.10;
+my $root = HTML::TreeBuilder->new();
+my $url = 'http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/bibcodes.html';
+$root->parse(get($url) || die "Can't get $url");
+$root->eof();
+
+my @codes;
+
+foreach my $tr ($root->find_by_tag_name('tr')) {
+  my @f = map $_->as_text(), $tr->content_list();
+  #print map("<$_> ", @f), "\n";
+  next unless @f == 5;
+  pop @f; # nix the French name
+  next if $f[-1] eq 'Language Name (English)'; # it's a header line
+  my $xx = splice(@f, 2,1); # pull out the two-letter code
+  $f[-1] =~ s/^\s+//;
+  $f[-1] =~ s/\s+$//;
+  if($xx =~ m/[a-zA-Z]/) {   # there's a two-letter code for it
+    push   @codes, [ lc($f[-1]),   "$xx\t$f[-1]\n" ];
+  } else { # print the three-letter codes.
+    if($f[0] eq $f[1]) {
+      push @codes, [ lc($f[-1]), "$f[1]\t$f[2]\n" ];
+    } else { # shouldn't happen
+      push @codes, [ lc($f[-1]), "@f !!!!!!!!!!\n" ]; 
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+print map $_->[1], sort {; $a->[0] cmp $b->[0] } @codes;
+print "[ based on $url\n at ", scalar(localtime), "]\n",
+  "[Note: doesn't include IANA-registered codes.]\n";
+exit;
+__END__
+
diff --git a/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/01_about_verbose.t b/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/01_about_verbose.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3abc68d537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/01_about_verbose.t
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+
+require 5;
+# Time-stamp: "2004-03-30 17:02:59 AST"
+
+# Summary of, well, things.
+
+use Test;
+BEGIN {plan tests => 2};
+
+ok 1;
+
+use I18N::LangTags;
+use I18N::LangTags::List;
+use I18N::LangTags::Detect;
+
+#chdir "t" if -e "t";
+
+{
+  my @out;
+  push @out,
+    "\n\nPerl v",
+    defined($^V) ? sprintf('%vd', $^V) : $],
+    " under $^O ",
+    (defined(&Win32::BuildNumber) and defined &Win32::BuildNumber())
+      ? ("(Win32::BuildNumber ", &Win32::BuildNumber(), ")") : (),
+    (defined $MacPerl::Version)
+      ? ("(MacPerl version $MacPerl::Version)") : (),
+    "\n"
+  ;
+
+  # Ugly code to walk the symbol tables:
+  my %v;
+  my @stack = ('');  # start out in %::
+  my $this;
+  my $count = 0;
+  my $pref;
+  while(@stack) {
+    $this = shift @stack;
+    die "Too many packages?" if ++$count > 1000;
+    next if exists $v{$this};
+    next if $this eq 'main'; # %main:: is %::
+
+    #print "Peeking at $this => ${$this . '::VERSION'}\n";
+    
+    if(defined ${$this . '::VERSION'} ) {
+      $v{$this} = ${$this . '::VERSION'}
+    } elsif(
+       defined *{$this . '::ISA'} or defined &{$this . '::import'}
+       or ($this ne '' and grep defined *{$_}{'CODE'}, values %{$this . "::"})
+       # If it has an ISA, an import, or any subs...
+    ) {
+      # It's a class/module with no version.
+      $v{$this} = undef;
+    } else {
+      # It's probably an unpopulated package.
+      ## $v{$this} = '...';
+    }
+    
+    $pref = length($this) ? "$this\::" : '';
+    push @stack, map m/^(.+)::$/ ? "$pref$1" : (), keys %{$this . '::'};
+    #print "Stack: @stack\n";
+  }
+  push @out, " Modules in memory:\n";
+  delete @v{'', '[none]'};
+  foreach my $p (sort {lc($a) cmp lc($b)} keys %v) {
+    $indent = ' ' x (2 + ($p =~ tr/:/:/));
+    push @out,  '  ', $indent, $p, defined($v{$p}) ? " v$v{$p};\n" : ";\n";
+  }
+  push @out, sprintf "[at %s (local) / %s (GMT)]\n",
+    scalar(gmtime), scalar(localtime);
+  my $x = join '', @out;
+  $x =~ s/^/#/mg;
+  print $x;
+}
+
+print "# Running",
+  (chr(65) eq 'A') ? " in an ASCII world.\n" : " in a non-ASCII world.\n",
+  "#\n",
+;
+
+print "# \@INC:\n", map("#   [$_]\n", @INC), "#\n#\n";
+
+print "# \%INC:\n";
+foreach my $x (sort {lc($a) cmp lc($b)} keys %INC) {
+  print "#   [$x] = [", $INC{$x} || '', "]\n";
+}
+
+ok 1;
+
diff --git a/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/05_main.t b/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/05_main.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..056baafc55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/05_main.t
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+
+require 5;
+ # Time-stamp: "2004-03-30 17:52:14 AST"
+use strict;
+use Test;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 64 };
+BEGIN { ok 1 }
+use I18N::LangTags (':ALL');
+
+print "# Perl v$], I18N::LangTags v$I18N::LangTags::VERSION\n";
+
+ok !is_language_tag('');
+ok  is_language_tag('fr');
+ok  is_language_tag('fr-ca');
+ok  is_language_tag('fr-CA');
+ok !is_language_tag('fr-CA-');
+ok !is_language_tag('fr_CA');
+ok  is_language_tag('fr-ca-joual');
+ok !is_language_tag('frca');
+ok  is_language_tag('nav'); # (not actual tag)
+ok  is_language_tag('nav-shiprock'); # (not actual tag)
+ok !is_language_tag('nav-ceremonial'); # subtag too long
+ok !is_language_tag('x');
+ok !is_language_tag('i');
+ok  is_language_tag('i-borg'); # NB: fictitious tag
+ok  is_language_tag('x-borg');
+ok  is_language_tag('x-borg-prot5123');
+ok  same_language_tag('x-borg-prot5123', 'i-BORG-Prot5123' );
+ok !same_language_tag('en', 'en-us' );
+
+ok 0 == similarity_language_tag('en-ca', 'fr-ca');
+ok 1 == similarity_language_tag('en-ca', 'en-us');
+ok 2 == similarity_language_tag('en-us-southern', 'en-us-western');
+ok 2 == similarity_language_tag('en-us-southern', 'en-us');
+
+ok grep $_ eq 'hi', panic_languages('kok');
+ok grep $_ eq 'en', panic_languages('x-woozle-wuzzle');
+ok ! grep $_ eq 'mr', panic_languages('it');
+ok grep $_ eq 'es', panic_languages('it');
+ok grep $_ eq 'it', panic_languages('es');
+
+
+print "# Now the ::List tests...\n";
+print "# Perl v$], I18N::LangTags::List v$I18N::LangTags::List::VERSION\n";
+
+use I18N::LangTags::List;
+foreach my $lt (qw(
+ en
+ en-us
+ en-kr
+ el
+ elx
+ i-mingo
+ i-mingo-tom
+ x-mingo-tom
+ it
+ it-it
+ it-IT
+ it-FR
+ ak
+ aka
+ jv
+ jw
+ no
+ no-nyn
+ nn
+ i-lux
+ lb
+ wa
+ yi
+ ji
+ den-syllabic
+ den-syllabic-western
+ den-western
+ den-latin
+ cre-syllabic
+ cre-syllabic-western
+ cre-western
+ cre-latin
+ cr-syllabic
+ cr-syllabic-western
+ cr-western
+ cr-latin
+)) {
+  my $name = I18N::LangTags::List::name($lt);
+  if($name) {
+    ok(1);
+    print "#        $lt -> $name\n";
+  } else {
+    ok(0);
+    print "#        Failed lookup on $lt\n";
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+print "# So there!\n";
+
diff --git a/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/07_listy.t b/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/07_listy.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a56a798a33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/07_listy.t
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+
+require 5;
+ # Time-stamp: "2003-10-10 17:37:34 ADT"
+use strict;
+use Test;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 17 };
+BEGIN { ok 1 }
+use I18N::LangTags::List;
+
+print "# Perl v$], I18N::LangTags::List v$I18N::LangTags::List::VERSION\n";
+
+ok  I18N::LangTags::List::name('fr'), 'French';
+ok  I18N::LangTags::List::name('fr-fr');
+ok !I18N::LangTags::List::name('El Zorcho');
+ok !I18N::LangTags::List::name();
+
+
+ok !I18N::LangTags::List::is_decent();
+ok  I18N::LangTags::List::is_decent('fr');
+ok  I18N::LangTags::List::is_decent('fr-blorch');
+ok !I18N::LangTags::List::is_decent('El Zorcho');
+ok !I18N::LangTags::List::is_decent('sgn');
+ok  I18N::LangTags::List::is_decent('sgn-us');
+ok !I18N::LangTags::List::is_decent('i');
+ok  I18N::LangTags::List::is_decent('i-mingo');
+ok  I18N::LangTags::List::is_decent('i-mingo-tom');
+ok !I18N::LangTags::List::is_decent('cel');
+ok  I18N::LangTags::List::is_decent('cel-gaulish');
+
+ok 1; # one for the road
diff --git a/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/10_http.t b/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/10_http.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36341f77cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/10_http.t
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+
+# Time-stamp: "2004-06-17 23:06:22 PDT"
+
+use I18N::LangTags::Detect;
+
+use Test;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 87 };
+
+my @in = grep m/\S/, split /\n/, q{
+
+[ sv      ]  sv
+[ en      ]  en
+[ en fi   ]  en, fi
+[ en-us   ]  en-us
+[ en-us   ]  en-US
+[ en-us   ]  EN-US
+
+[ en-au en i-klingon x-klingon en-gb en-us mt-mt mt ja ]  EN-au, JA;q=0.14, i-klingon;q=0.83, en-gb;q=0.71, en-us;q=0.57, mt-mt;q=0.43, mt;q=0.29, en;q=0.86
+[ en-au en i-klingon x-klingon en-gb en-us mt-mt mt tli ja ]  EN-au, tli;q=0.201, JA;q=0.14, i-klingon;q=0.83, en-gb;q=0.71, en-us;q=0.57, mt-mt;q=0.43, mt;q=0.29, en;q=0.86
+[ en-au en en-gb en-us ja  ]  en-au, ja;q=0.20, en-gb;q=0.60, en-us;q=0.40, en;q=0.80
+
+[ en-au en en-gb en-us mt-mt mt ja ]  EN-au, JA;q=0.14, en-gb;q=0.71, en-us;q=0.57, mt-mt;q=0.43, mt;q=0.29, en;q=0.86
+[ en-au en en-gb en-us ja  ]  en-au, ja;q=0.20, en-gb;q=0.60, en-us;q=0.40, en;q=0.80
+[ en fr           ]  en;q=1,fr;q=.5
+[ en fr           ]  en;q=1,fr;q=.99
+[ en ru ko        ]  en, ru;q=0.7, ko;q=0.3
+[ en ru ko        ]  en, ru;q=0.7, KO;q=0.3
+[ en-us en        ]  en-us, en;q=0.50
+[ en fr           ]  fr ; q = 0.9, en
+[ en fr           ]  en,fr;q=.90
+[ ru en-uk en fr  ]  ru, en-UK;q=0.5, en;q=0.3, fr;q=0.1
+[ en-us fr es-mx  ]  en-us,fr;q=0.7,es-mx;q=0.3 
+[ en-us en        ]  en-us, en;q=0.50 
+
+[ da en-gb en       ]  da, en-gb;q=0.8, en;q=0.7
+[ da en-gb en       ]  da, en;q=0.7, en-gb;q=0.8
+[ da en-gb en       ]  da, en-gb;q=0.8, en;q=0.7
+[ da en-gb en       ]  da,en;q=0.7,en-gb;q=0.8
+[ da en-gb en       ]  da, en-gb ; q=0.8, en ; q=0.7
+[ da en-gb en       ]  da , en-gb ; q = 0.8 , en ; q  =0.7
+[ da en-gb en       ]  da (yup, Danish) , en-gb ; q = 0.8 , en ; q  =0.7
+
+[ no dk en-uk en-us ]  en-UK;q=0.7, en-US;q=0.6, no;q=1.0, dk;q=0.8
+[ no dk en-uk en-us ]  en-US;q=0.6, en-UK;q=0.7, no;q=1.0, dk;q=0.8
+[ no dk en-uk en-us ]  en-UK;q=0.7, no;q=1.0, en-US;q=0.6, dk;q=0.8
+[ no dk en-uk en-us ]  en-UK;q=0.7, no;q=1.0, dk;q=0.8, en-US;q=0.6
+
+[ fi en ]  fi;q=1, en;q=0.2
+[ de-de de en en-us en-gb ]  de-DE, de;q=0.80, en;q=0.60, en-US;q=0.40, en-GB;q=0.20
+[ ru          ]  ru; q=1, *; q=0.1
+[ ru en       ]  ru, en; q=0.1
+[ ja en       ]  ja,en;q=0.5
+[ en          ]  en; q=1.0
+[ ja          ]  ja; q=1.0
+[ ja          ]  ja; q=1.0
+[ en ja       ]  en; q=0.5, ja; q=0.5
+[ fr-ca fr en ]  fr-ca, fr;q=0.8, en;q=0.7
+[ NIX ] NIX
+};
+
+foreach my $in (@in) {
+  $in =~ s/^\s*\[([^\]]+)\]\s*//s or die "Bad input: $in";
+  my @should = do { my $x = $1; $x =~ m/(\S+)/g };
+
+  if($in eq 'NIX') { $in = ''; @should = (); }
+
+  local $ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'};
+  
+  foreach my $modus (
+    sub {
+      print "# Testing with arg...\n";
+      $ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'} = 'PLORK';
+      return $_[0];
+    },
+    sub {
+      print "# Testing wath HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE...\n";
+      $ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'} = $_[0];
+     return();
+    },
+  ) {
+    my @args = &$modus($in);
+
+    # ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    my @out = I18N::LangTags::Detect->http_accept_langs(@args);
+    # \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
+
+    if(
+     @out == @should
+       and lc( join "\e", @out ) eq lc( join "\e", @should )
+    ) {
+      print "# Happily got [@out] from [$in]\n";
+      ok 1;
+    } else {
+      ok 0;
+      print "#Got:         [@out]\n",
+            "# but wanted: [@should]\n",
+            "# < \"$in\"\n#\n";
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+print "#\n#\n# Bye-bye!\n";
+ok 1;
+
diff --git a/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/20_locales.t b/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/20_locales.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae04812ff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/20_locales.t
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+require 5;
+ # Time-stamp: "2004-10-06 23:07:06 ADT"
+use strict;
+use Test;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 22 };
+BEGIN { ok 1 }
+use I18N::LangTags (':ALL');
+
+print "# Perl v$], I18N::LangTags v$I18N::LangTags::VERSION\n";
+print "#  Loaded from ", $INC{'I18N/LangTags.pm'} || "??", "\n";
+
+ok lc locale2language_tag('en'),    'en';
+ok lc locale2language_tag('en_US'),    'en-us';
+ok lc locale2language_tag('en_US.ISO8859-1'),    'en-us';
+ok lc(locale2language_tag('C')||''),    '';
+ok lc(locale2language_tag('POSIX')||''), '';
+
+
+ok lc locale2language_tag('eu_mt'),           'eu-mt';
+ok lc locale2language_tag('eu'),              'eu';
+ok lc locale2language_tag('it'),              'it';
+ok lc locale2language_tag('it_IT'),           'it-it';
+ok lc locale2language_tag('it_IT.utf8'),      'it-it';
+ok lc locale2language_tag('it_IT.utf8@euro'), 'it-it';
+ok lc locale2language_tag('it_IT@euro'),      'it-it';
+
+
+ok lc locale2language_tag('zh_CN.gb18030'), 'zh-cn';
+ok lc locale2language_tag('zh_CN.gbk'),     'zh-cn';
+ok lc locale2language_tag('zh_CN.utf8'),    'zh-cn';
+ok lc locale2language_tag('zh_HK'),         'zh-hk';
+ok lc locale2language_tag('zh_HK.utf8'),    'zh-hk';
+ok lc locale2language_tag('zh_TW'),         'zh-tw';
+ok lc locale2language_tag('zh_TW.euctw'),   'zh-tw';
+ok lc locale2language_tag('zh_TW.utf8'),    'zh-tw';
+
+print "# So there!\n";
+ok 1;
diff --git a/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/50_super.t b/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/50_super.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9923c84068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/50_super.t
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+
+# Time-stamp: "2004-03-30 17:46:17 AST"
+
+use Test;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 26 };
+print "#\n# Testing normal (tight) insertion of super-ordinate language tags...\n#\n";
+
+use I18N::LangTags qw(implicate_supers);
+
+my @in = grep m/\S/, split /[\n\r]/, q{
+ NIX => NIX
+  sv => sv
+  en => en
+ hai => hai
+
+          pt-br => pt-br pt
+       pt-br fr => pt-br pt fr
+    pt-br fr pt => pt-br fr pt
+
+ pt-br fr pt de => pt-br fr pt de
+ de pt-br fr pt => de pt-br fr pt
+    de pt-br fr => de pt-br pt fr
+   hai pt-br fr => hai pt-br pt fr
+
+ # Now test multi-part complicateds:
+          pt-br-janeiro => pt-br-janeiro pt-br pt
+       pt-br-janeiro fr => pt-br-janeiro pt-br pt fr
+    pt-br-janeiro de fr => pt-br-janeiro pt-br pt de fr
+ pt-br-janeiro de pt fr => pt-br-janeiro pt-br de pt fr
+
+          pt-br-janeiro pt-br-saopaolo => pt-br-janeiro pt-br pt pt-br-saopaolo
+       pt-br-janeiro fr pt-br-saopaolo => pt-br-janeiro pt-br pt fr pt-br-saopaolo
+    pt-br-janeiro de pt-br-saopaolo fr => pt-br-janeiro pt-br pt de pt-br-saopaolo fr
+    pt-br-janeiro de pt-br fr pt-br-saopaolo => pt-br-janeiro de pt-br pt fr pt-br-saopaolo
+
+ pt-br de en fr pt-br-janeiro => pt-br pt de en fr pt-br-janeiro
+ pt-br de en fr               => pt-br pt de en fr
+
+    ja    pt-br-janeiro fr => ja pt-br-janeiro pt-br pt fr
+    ja pt-br-janeiro de fr => ja pt-br-janeiro pt-br pt de fr
+ ja pt-br-janeiro de pt fr => ja pt-br-janeiro pt-br de pt fr
+
+ pt-br-janeiro de pt-br fr => pt-br-janeiro de pt-br pt fr
+# an odd case, since we don't filter for uniqueness in this sub
+ 
+};
+
+sub uniq { my %seen; return grep(!($seen{$_}++), @_); }
+
+foreach my $in (@in) {
+  $in =~ s/^\s+//s;
+  $in =~ s/\s+$//s;
+  $in =~ s/#.+//s;
+  next unless $in =~ m/\S/;
+  
+  my(@in, @should);
+  {
+    die "What kind of line is <$in>?!"
+     unless $in =~ m/^(.+)=>(.+)$/s;
+  
+    my($i,$s) = ($1, $2);
+    @in     = ($i =~ m/(\S+)/g);
+    @should = ($s =~ m/(\S+)/g);
+    #print "{@in}{@should}\n";
+  }
+  my @out = implicate_supers(
+    ("@in" eq 'NIX') ? () : @in
+  );
+  #print "O: ", join(' ', map "<$_>", @out), "\n";
+  @out = 'NIX' unless @out;
+
+  
+  if( @out == @should
+      and lc( join "\e", @out ) eq lc( join "\e", @should )
+  ) {
+    print "#     Happily got [@out] from [$in]\n";
+    ok 1;
+  } else {
+    ok 0;
+    print "#!!Got:         [@out]\n",
+          "#!! but wanted: [@should]\n",
+          "#!! from \"$in\"\n#\n";
+  }
+}
+
+print "#\n#\n# Bye-bye!\n";
+ok 1;
+
diff --git a/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/55_supers_strict.t b/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/55_supers_strict.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b285157a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/55_supers_strict.t
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+
+# Time-stamp: "2004-03-30 17:49:58 AST"
+#sub I18N::LangTags::Detect::DEBUG () {10}
+use I18N::LangTags qw(implicate_supers_strictly);
+
+use Test;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 19 };
+
+print "#\n# Testing strict (non-tight) insertion of super-ordinate language tags...\n#\n";
+
+my @in = grep m/\S/, split /[\n\r]/, q{
+ NIX => NIX
+  sv => sv
+  en => en
+ hai => hai
+
+          pt-br => pt-br pt
+       pt-br fr => pt-br fr pt
+    pt-br fr pt => pt-br fr pt
+ pt-br fr pt de => pt-br fr pt de
+ de pt-br fr pt => de pt-br fr pt
+    de pt-br fr => de pt-br fr pt
+   hai pt-br fr => hai pt-br fr  pt
+
+# Now test multi-part complicateds:
+   pt-br-janeiro fr => pt-br-janeiro fr pt-br pt 
+pt-br-janeiro de fr => pt-br-janeiro de fr pt-br pt
+pt-br-janeiro de pt fr => pt-br-janeiro de pt fr pt-br
+
+ja    pt-br-janeiro fr => ja pt-br-janeiro fr pt-br pt 
+ja pt-br-janeiro de fr => ja pt-br-janeiro de fr pt-br pt
+ja pt-br-janeiro de pt fr => ja pt-br-janeiro de pt fr pt-br
+
+pt-br-janeiro de pt-br fr => pt-br-janeiro de pt-br fr pt
+ # an odd case, since we don't filter for uniqueness in this sub
+ 
+};
+
+
+foreach my $in (@in) {
+  $in =~ s/^\s+//s;
+  $in =~ s/\s+$//s;
+  $in =~ s/#.+//s;
+  next unless $in =~ m/\S/;
+  
+  my(@in, @should);
+  {
+    die "What kind of line is <$in>?!"
+     unless $in =~ m/^(.+)=>(.+)$/s;
+  
+    my($i,$s) = ($1, $2);
+    @in     = ($i =~ m/(\S+)/g);
+    @should = ($s =~ m/(\S+)/g);
+    #print "{@in}{@should}\n";
+  }
+  my @out = I18N::LangTags::implicate_supers_strictly(
+    ("@in" eq 'NIX') ? () : @in
+  );
+  #print "O: ", join(' ', map "<$_>", @out), "\n";
+  @out = 'NIX' unless @out;
+
+  
+  if( @out == @should
+      and lc( join "\e", @out ) eq lc( join "\e", @should )
+  ) {
+    print "#     Happily got [@out] from [$in]\n";
+    ok 1;
+  } else {
+    ok 0;
+    print "#!!Got:         [@out]\n",
+          "#!! but wanted: [@should]\n",
+          "#!! from \"$in\"\n#\n";
+  }
+}
+
+print "#\n#\n# Bye-bye!\n";
+ok 1;
+
diff --git a/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/80_all_env.t b/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/80_all_env.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1362d5ebf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dist/I18N-LangTags/t/80_all_env.t
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+
+require 5;
+use Test;
+# Time-stamp: "2004-07-01 14:33:50 ADT"
+BEGIN { plan tests => 20; }
+use I18N::LangTags::Detect 1.01;
+print "# Hi there...\n";
+ok 1;
+
+print "# Using I18N::LangTags::Detect v$I18N::LangTags::Detect::VERSION\n";
+
+print "# Make sure we can assign to ENV entries\n",
+      "# (Otherwise we can't run the subsequent tests)...\n";
+$ENV{'MYORP'}   = 'Zing';          ok $ENV{'MYORP'}, 'Zing';
+$ENV{'SWUZ'}   = 'KLORTHO HOOBOY'; ok $ENV{'SWUZ'}, 'KLORTHO HOOBOY';
+
+delete $ENV{'MYORP'};
+delete $ENV{'SWUZ'};
+
+sub j { "[" . join(' ', map "\"$_\"", @_) . "]" ;}
+
+sub show {
+  print "#  (Seeing {", join(' ',
+    map(qq{<$_>}, @_)), "} at line ", (caller)[2], ")\n";
+  printenv();
+  return $_[0] || '';
+}
+sub printenv {
+  print "# ENV:\n";
+  foreach my $k (sort keys %ENV) {
+    my $p = $ENV{$k};  $p =~ s/\n/\n#/g;
+    print "#   [$k] = [$p]\n"; }
+  print "# [end of ENV]\n#\n";
+}
+
+$ENV{'IGNORE_WIN32_LOCALE'} = 1; # a hack, just for testing's sake.
+
+
+print "# Test LANGUAGE...\n";
+$ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'} = '';
+$ENV{'LANGUAGE'}       = 'Eu-MT';
+$ENV{'LC_ALL'}         = '';
+$ENV{'LC_MESSAGES'}    = '';
+$ENV{'LANG'}           = '';
+ok show( scalar I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()),    "eu-mt";
+ok show( j      I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()), q{["eu-mt"]};
+
+
+print "# Test LC_ALL...\n";
+$ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'} = '';
+$ENV{'LANGUAGE'}       = '';
+$ENV{'LC_ALL'}         = 'Eu-MT';
+$ENV{'LC_MESSAGES'}    = '';
+$ENV{'LANG'}           = '';
+
+ok show( scalar I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()),    "eu-mt";
+ok show( j      I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()), q{["eu-mt"]};
+
+print "# Test LC_MESSAGES...\n";
+$ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'} = '';
+$ENV{'LANGUAGE'}       = '';
+$ENV{'LC_ALL'}         = '';
+$ENV{'LC_MESSAGES'}    = 'Eu-MT';
+$ENV{'LANG'}           = '';
+
+ok show( scalar I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()),    "eu-mt";
+ok show( j      I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()), q{["eu-mt"]};
+
+
+print "# Test LANG...\n";
+$ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'} = '';
+$ENV{'LANGUAGE'}       = '';
+$ENV{'LC_ALL'}         = '';
+$ENV{'LC_MESSAGES'}    = '';
+$ENV{'LANG'}           = 'Eu_MT';
+
+ok show( scalar I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()),    "eu-mt";
+ok show( j      I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()), q{["eu-mt"]};
+
+
+
+print "# Test LANG...\n";
+$ENV{'LANGUAGE'} = '';
+$ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'} = '';
+$ENV{'LC_ALL'} = '';
+$ENV{'LC_MESSAGES'} = '';
+$ENV{'LANG'}     = 'Eu_MT';
+
+ok show( scalar I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()),    "eu-mt";
+ok show( j      I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()), q{["eu-mt"]};
+
+
+
+
+print "# Test HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE...\n";
+$ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'}       = 'GET';
+$ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'} = 'eu-MT';
+ok show( scalar I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()),    "eu-mt";
+ok show( j      I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()), q{["eu-mt"]};
+
+
+$ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'} = 'x-plorp, zaz, eu-MT, i-klung';
+ok show( scalar I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()), "x-plorp";
+ok show( j      I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()), qq{["x-plorp" "i-plorp" "zaz" "eu-mt" "i-klung" "x-klung"]};
+
+$ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'} = 'x-plorp, zaz, eU-Mt, i-klung';
+ok show( scalar I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()), "x-plorp";
+ok show( j      I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect()), qq{["x-plorp" "i-plorp" "zaz" "eu-mt" "i-klung" "x-klung"]};
+
+
+
+
+print "# Byebye!\n";
+ok 1;
+