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| author | Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> | 2014-10-04 14:18:19 -0400 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> | 2014-10-04 14:18:19 -0400 |
| commit | 513d06ded1b44206903b87dabefee5a97243ba67 (patch) | |
| tree | 539cd8e18ea54c00d8ae147533e881f4e12f4918 /src/timezone/data/europe | |
| parent | 4f499eee9d4b30e761b04fa28406578c10b4badf (diff) | |
| download | postgresql-513d06ded1b44206903b87dabefee5a97243ba67.tar.gz | |
Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2014h.
Most zones in the Russian Federation are subtracting one or two hours
as of 2014-10-26. Update the meanings of the abbreviations IRKT, KRAT,
MAGT, MSK, NOVT, OMST, SAKT, VLAT, YAKT, YEKT to match.
The IANA timezone database has adopted abbreviations of the form AxST/AxDT
for all Australian time zones, reflecting what they believe to be current
majority practice Down Under. These names do not conflict with usage
elsewhere (other than ACST for Acre Summer Time, which has been in disuse
since 1994). Accordingly, adopt these names into our "Default" timezone
abbreviation set. The "Australia" abbreviation set now contains only
CST,EAST,EST,SAST,SAT,WST, all of which are thought to be mostly historical
usage. Note that SAST has also been changed to be South Africa Standard
Time in the "Default" abbreviation set.
Add zone abbreviations SRET (Asia/Srednekolymsk) and XJT (Asia/Urumqi),
and use WSST/WSDT for western Samoa.
Also a DST law change in the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk),
and numerous corrections for historical time zone data.
Diffstat (limited to 'src/timezone/data/europe')
| -rw-r--r-- | src/timezone/data/europe | 1358 |
1 files changed, 842 insertions, 516 deletions
diff --git a/src/timezone/data/europe b/src/timezone/data/europe index 7ae96ffc93..6b20b92870 100644 --- a/src/timezone/data/europe +++ b/src/timezone/data/europe @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -# <pre> # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. -# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, +# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to -# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). +# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see +# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. # From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is @@ -39,10 +39,20 @@ # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. # -# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), -# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> +# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. +# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see +# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html +# The full Russian citation is: +# Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток +# введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го +# июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград: +# Десятая гос. тип., 1919. +# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf +# +# Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO), # History of Summer Time -# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) +# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm> +# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) # # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; @@ -58,9 +68,11 @@ # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* +# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe +# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe* # 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Moscow # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), @@ -105,7 +117,7 @@ # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' # # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's -# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should +# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. # # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] @@ -137,8 +149,22 @@ # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. -# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27): -# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), +# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19): +# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time +# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year. +# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the +# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946), +# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value +# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research. +# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society +# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See: +# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg. +# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734 +# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html +# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal +# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten. +# +# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915), # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society # who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, @@ -151,7 +177,7 @@ # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, -# designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial, +# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial, # which is permanently set to Summer Time. # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): @@ -160,9 +186,9 @@ # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the # foundations of civilization throughout the world. -# -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm"> -# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly -# </a> +# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; +# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 +# http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" @@ -171,7 +197,6 @@ # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): -# # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. @@ -198,8 +223,8 @@ # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. -# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png -# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png +# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png +# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time @@ -216,23 +241,14 @@ # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating # and extending this list, which can be found in -# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ -# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/"> -# History of legal time in Britain -# </a> -# Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer -# exists, and the article can now be found at: -# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/"> # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ -# </a> # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): # # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; # see Lord Tanlaw's speech -# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> -# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) -# </a>. +# http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 +# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # @@ -272,8 +288,8 @@ # -- James Joyce, Ulysses # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): -# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include -# various relating to legal time, for example: +# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>. +# These include various relating to legal time, for example: # # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html # @@ -435,25 +451,27 @@ Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s +Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 - 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u + 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 - -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 - -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s + -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 + -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence - 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 - 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 - 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 - 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 - 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 + 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 + 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 + 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 + 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 + 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 - 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u + 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 0:00 EU GMT/IST @@ -472,10 +490,9 @@ Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: -# <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT"> # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. -# </a> +# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S @@ -498,18 +515,18 @@ Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - -# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13): +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13): # # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was -# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the +# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the # tz database itself, as seen below: # # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 # # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 -# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 +# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 # # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s @@ -553,15 +570,15 @@ Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time -Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time -Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time +Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time +Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time +Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD -Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer +Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): @@ -584,14 +601,10 @@ Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. # # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): -# <a href="http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583"> # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 -# </a> # # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): -# <a href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html"> # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html -# </a> # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered @@ -611,10 +624,10 @@ Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): # The official German names ... are # -# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 -# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 +# Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 +# Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 # -# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), +# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution # @@ -669,7 +682,7 @@ Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 - 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 + 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 1:00 EU CE%sT # Austria @@ -695,9 +708,9 @@ Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 - 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s + 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 1:00 - CET 1946 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -708,38 +721,29 @@ Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). # # Sources (Russian language): -# 1. -# <a href="http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html"> # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html -# </a> -# 2. -# <a href="http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/"> # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ -# </a> -# 3. -# <a href="http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html"> # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html -# </a> # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 - 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time + 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 - 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s - 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time + 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 3:00 - FET # Belgium # # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, -# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 +# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), # pp 8-9. # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: @@ -789,7 +793,7 @@ Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 - 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT + 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u @@ -805,8 +809,8 @@ Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 # # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: -# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... -# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October +# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... +# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S @@ -819,7 +823,7 @@ Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 - 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 + 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 @@ -843,15 +847,15 @@ Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 - 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s + 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 1:00 EU CE%sT # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland -# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26): +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL @@ -861,7 +865,7 @@ Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL # # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes -# in subsequenet decrees with the law +# in subsequent decrees with the law # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL # # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have @@ -876,7 +880,7 @@ Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 # was suspended on that night): # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL -# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11): +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. @@ -900,11 +904,11 @@ Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT - 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT -Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn +Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn 0:00 - WET 1981 0:00 EU WE%sT # @@ -916,11 +920,11 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU -# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab +# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. -# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing +# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: # @@ -955,16 +959,16 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn # DPC research station at Zackenberg. # # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use -# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab). +# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb). # -# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it +# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. # # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of -# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be +# this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): @@ -973,8 +977,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; -# the 1995 map as like Godthab. -# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996. +# the 1995 map as like Godthåb. +# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996. # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. @@ -989,15 +993,15 @@ Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 - -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 0:00 - GMT Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit - -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 -1:00 EU EG%sT Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk - -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 -3:00 EU WG%sT Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base -4:00 Thule A%sT @@ -1019,17 +1023,16 @@ Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base # summer time next spring." # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: -# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law -# </a> +# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between -# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). +# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). # # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). -# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) +# From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09) # via Steffen Thorsen: # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... @@ -1047,19 +1050,19 @@ Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. # Now we are using again EU rules. # -# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28): +# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28): # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 - 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time + 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 @@ -1081,35 +1084,45 @@ Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in # Finnish) at -# -# <a href="http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf"> # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf -# </a> # # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. # # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: -# -# <a href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401"> # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 -# </a> # # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not # exist tonight." +# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13): +# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] +# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf +# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 +# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, +# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper +# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... +# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14): +# Go with Oja over Shanks. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - +Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - + +# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document); +# round to nearest. + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 - 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time +Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 + 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 2:00 EU EE%sT -# Aaland Is +# Åland Is Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn @@ -1117,14 +1130,14 @@ Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): # -# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions +# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 # -# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, +# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel, # Paris, 1991 # -# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, -# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 +# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie, +# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987 # @@ -1165,16 +1178,16 @@ Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. -# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, -# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La -# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, +# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez, +# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La +# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, -# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, +# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois, # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), -# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes +# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M @@ -1195,7 +1208,7 @@ Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 - 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT + 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; @@ -1212,15 +1225,13 @@ Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] -# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23): +# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23): # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by -# <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/"> -# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>. +# http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ +# General [Nikolai] Bersarin. # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): -# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf"> # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf -# </a> # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so # this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. @@ -1245,23 +1256,23 @@ Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): -# Busingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton +# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton # Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE # (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, # which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. # -# Source for the time in Busingen 1980: +# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980: # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): -# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. +# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen @@ -1272,8 +1283,8 @@ Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen # Gibraltar # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s - 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 +Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1:00 - CET 1982 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1304,7 +1315,7 @@ Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 - 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT + 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 @@ -1313,15 +1324,20 @@ Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 2:00 EU EE%sT # Hungary +# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): +# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from: +# Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945. +# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29). +# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html +# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks +# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates). # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S -Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - +Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S -Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S -Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - +Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 - Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - +Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S @@ -1337,7 +1353,7 @@ Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 - 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 + 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1400,7 +1416,7 @@ Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? - -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s + -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 0:00 - GMT # Italy @@ -1415,9 +1431,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and # F. Pollastri -# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) -# </a> +# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html # ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: # @@ -1477,8 +1492,8 @@ Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 - 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean - 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s + 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean + 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1525,18 +1540,18 @@ Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in -# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of -# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). +# 29-Feb-2000 (#79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>, +# in Latvian for subscribers only). -# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html"> -# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: -# </a> +# From RFE/RL Newsline +# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html +# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their # clocks one hour in the spring.... -# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few +# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government @@ -1546,18 +1561,23 @@ Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - + +# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). +# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. +# Go with Byalokoz. + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 - 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time - 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer - 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 - 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 - 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 +Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 + 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT + 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST + 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 + 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 + 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 @@ -1591,7 +1611,7 @@ Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. -# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), +# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>, # via Steffen Thorsen: # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) # to be valid here starting from October 31, @@ -1600,9 +1620,9 @@ Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was # already done by Estonia. -# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> -# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism -# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. +# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism +# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27): +# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will @@ -1615,18 +1635,18 @@ Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 - 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time + 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 - 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u - 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u + 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u + 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 2:00 EU EE%sT @@ -1660,9 +1680,9 @@ Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 - 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s - 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 - 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 + 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s + 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 + 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1679,9 +1699,9 @@ Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta - 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s +Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta + 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1696,7 +1716,7 @@ Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. # But [two people] separately reported via -# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. +# Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. # # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): @@ -1705,13 +1725,8 @@ Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta # to the Winter Time). # # News (in Russian): -# <a href="http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html"> # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html -# </a> -# -# <a href="http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html"> # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html -# </a> # # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) @@ -1729,9 +1744,7 @@ Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. # News from Moldova (in russian): -# <a href="http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html"> # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html -# </a> # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -1754,8 +1767,8 @@ Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 # more precise 0:09:21. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 - 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time - 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 + 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time + 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1799,8 +1812,8 @@ Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe # Amsterdam mean time. -# The data before 1945 are taken from -# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. +# The data entries before 1945 are taken from +# http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time @@ -1831,8 +1844,8 @@ Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 - 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1862,14 +1875,14 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From -# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and -# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation +# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and +# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From -# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been +# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) -# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by +# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere @@ -1884,7 +1897,7 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 # <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite -# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a +# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly # the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. @@ -1895,7 +1908,7 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) -# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html> +# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. # @@ -1904,6 +1917,10 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen # Poland + +# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20), +# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S @@ -1914,9 +1931,9 @@ Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, -# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., -# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1> -# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. +# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., +# http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 +# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. # He also gives these further references: # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> @@ -1936,10 +1953,10 @@ Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 - 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 + 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun - 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 + 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 @@ -1947,6 +1964,14 @@ Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 # Portugal # +# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: +# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) +# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf +# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. +# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees +# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for +# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. +# # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. @@ -2026,35 +2051,34 @@ Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +# # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24; -# Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett. -Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 - -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time - 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 - 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 - 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s - 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s - 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u +Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 + -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time + 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 + 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 + 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s + 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s + 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 0:00 EU WE%sT -Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada - -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time - -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time - -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s - -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s - 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u +Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada + -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time + -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time + -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s + -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s + 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u -1:00 EU AZO%sT -Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal - -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time - -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time - 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s +Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal + -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time + -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time + 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 0:00 EU WE%sT # Romania # # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): -# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> -# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at +# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html> +# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, # the same year as Bulgaria. @@ -2071,32 +2095,28 @@ Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct - 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT - 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s + 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT + 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2:00 EU EE%sT + # Russia # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): # Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011 # (Government document -# <a href="http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/"> # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ -# </a> # in Russian) # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: -# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm"> # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm -# </a> # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): # Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: -# <a href="http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966"> # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). @@ -2105,16 +2125,12 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct # changed in September 2011: # # One source is -# < a href="http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/> # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ -# </a> # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, # 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. # # Another source is -# <a href="http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html"> # http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html -# </a> # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: @@ -2122,28 +2138,45 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct # does not contain any "effective date" information. # # Another source is -# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7"> # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 -# </a> # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011... # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. # # The Wikipedia article refers to -# <a href="http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896"> # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 -# </a> # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. # # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" -# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to get -# September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias Conradi notes). +# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to +# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias +# Conradi notes). # # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. # # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01): +# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency) +# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562 +# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to +# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new +# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ... +# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02 +# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N +# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding +# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English): +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html +# +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): +# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) +# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 +# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 +# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 +# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this: +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html + # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, @@ -2170,9 +2203,9 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct # # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): -# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was +# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with -# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began +# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began # enforcing curfew at the wrong time. # # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): @@ -2183,108 +2216,265 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. -# + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): +# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist +# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions +# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative +# listing. The region codes listed come from +# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 +# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their +# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level +# divisions where available. + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -# -# Kaliningradskaya oblast'. + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): +# Europe/Kaliningrad covers... +# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast + Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time -# -# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] -# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', -# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast', -# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast', -# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya, -# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya, -# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, -# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi, -# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast', -# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El, -# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast', -# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug, -# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast', -# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast', -# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, -# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast', -# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan, -# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast', -# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast', -# Yaroslavskaya oblast' -Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 - 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time - 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 2:00 - EET + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): +# Europe/Moscow covers... +# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of +# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of +# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of +# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic +# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of +# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic +# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of +# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic +# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic +# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of +# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of +# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of +# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic +# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic +# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai +# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai +# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast +# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast +# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast +# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast +# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast +# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast +# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast +# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast +# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast +# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast +# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast +# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast +# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast +# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast +# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast +# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast +# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast +# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast +# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast +# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast +# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast +# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast +# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast +# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast +# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast +# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast +# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast +# 77 RU-MOW Moscow +# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg +# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug + +# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): +# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow +# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30").... +# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard. +# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) +# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by +# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow +# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory +# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" > +# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = +# 2:31:19 ... +# +# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): +# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in +# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895). +# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in +# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky. + +Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 + 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time + 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 4:00 - MSK -# -# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast', -# Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 -# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the -# others? But we have no data. + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 3:00 - MSK + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): +# Europe/Simferopol covers... +# ** **** Crimea, Republic of +# ** **** Sevastopol + +Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 + 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T + 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 + 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 + 2:00 - EET 1992 +# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched +# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. +# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened +# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say +# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it +# changed in May. + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May +# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. + 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s + 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s +# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. +# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 + 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): +# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 +# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html +# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): +# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks +# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial +# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 + 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 3:00 - MSK + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): +# Europe/Volgograd covers... +# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast +# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast +# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast +# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09): +# Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300. +# Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data. + Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 - 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T - 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s - 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 4:00 - VOLT -# -# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] -# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika -Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 + 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T + 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 3:00 - MSK + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): +# Europe/Samara covers... +# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic +# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast + +# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. + +Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 - 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev - 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 - 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time - 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 + 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time + 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 4:00 - SAMT -# -# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] -# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug, -# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast', -# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast', -# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast', -# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug. -Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): +# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers... +# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of +# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai +# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast +# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast +# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast +# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast +# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast +# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra +# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug +# +# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak +# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. + +# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest. +# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. +# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. +# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. + +Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 + 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time - 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 6:00 - YEKT # Yekaterinburg Time -# -# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] -# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'. -Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 - 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme - 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 7:00 - OMST -# + 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 5:00 - YEKT + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): +# Asia/Omsk covers... +# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic +# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai +# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast + +# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. + +Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 + 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time + 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 6:00 - OMST + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): +# Asia/Novosibirsk covers... +# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast +# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast + # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. -# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'. -Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 + +Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time - 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. - 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 7:00 - NOVT + 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 6:00 - NOVT + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): +# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers... +# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on @@ -2297,14 +2487,10 @@ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) # # Russian Government web site (Russian language) -# <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv"> # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm -# </a> # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 -# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html"> # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html -# </a> # # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. @@ -2312,152 +2498,319 @@ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic. -Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6 +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): +# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus +# realigning itself with KRAT. + +Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time - 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s - 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 7:00 - NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time - -# -# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] -# Krasnoyarskij kraj, -# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, -# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug. -Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 + 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s + 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk + 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): +# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers... +# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic +# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of +# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai +# +# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr +# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. + +# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. + +Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time - 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 8:00 - KRAT -# -# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] -# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast', -# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. -Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 - 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time + 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 7:00 - KRAT + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): +# Asia/Irkutsk covers... +# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of +# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast +# +# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was +# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. + +# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. +# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. +# Go with Byalokoz. + +Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 + 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time - 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 9:00 - IRKT -# -# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] -# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', -# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. - -# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): -# ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005... -# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name. -# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj. - -# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): -# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij, -# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj, -# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij, -# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij, -# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij, -# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij. - -Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 + 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 8:00 - IRKT + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): +# Asia/Chita covers... +# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai +# +# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat +# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. + +Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 + 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time + 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 8:00 - IRKT + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): +# Asia/Yakutsk covers... +# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast +# +# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: +# 14-02 **** Aldansky District +# 14-04 **** Amginsky District +# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District +# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District +# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District +# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District +# 14-11 **** Gorny District +# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District +# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District +# 14-14 **** Lensky District +# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District +# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District +# 14-18 **** Namsky District +# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District +# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District +# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District +# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District +# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District +# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District +# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District +# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District +# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District +# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): +# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District. +# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. +# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. + +# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. + +Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time - 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 10:00 - YAKT -# -# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] -# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, -# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). - -# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): -# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, ... Ust'-Yanskij. -Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 + 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 9:00 - YAKT + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): +# Asia/Vladivostok covers... +# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai +# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai +# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast +# +# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: +# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District +# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District + +# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. +# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. +# Go with Byalokoz. + +Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time - 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 11:00 - VLAT + 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 10:00 - VLAT + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): +# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: +# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District +# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time # in 2011. -# + # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. -# + Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time - 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004 - 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? - 10:00 - YAKT + 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? + 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 9:00 - YAKT -# -# Sakhalinskaya oblast'. -# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): +# Asia/Sakhalin covers... +# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast +# ...with the exception of: +# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) + +# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 - 9:00 - CJT 1938 + 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 - 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. - 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s - 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 11:00 - SAKT -# -# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] -# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). -# Probably also: Kuril Islands. - -# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): -# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij, -# Nizhnekolymskij, ... Srednekolymskij. + 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T + 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s + 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 10:00 - SAKT + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): +# Asia/Magadan covers... +# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): +# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, +# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of +# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented +# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will +# need their own zone. + Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 12:00 - MAGT + 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 10:00 - MAGT + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): +# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: +# 14-01 **** Abyysky District +# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District +# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District +# 14-17 **** Momsky District +# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District +# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District +# +# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast: +# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02): +# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with +# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on +# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District +# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by +# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11. + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): +# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27. +# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone +# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary. +# +# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these +# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently +# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females +# each! (Yikes!) +# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 +# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 +# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. +# +# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have +# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the +# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most +# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of +# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf +# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older +# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining. +# Go with Srednekolymsk. +# +# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT +# as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead. + +Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time + 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): +# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: +# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): -# Ojmyakonskij and the Kuril Islands switched from +# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. +# +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): +# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch, +# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of +# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on +# UTC+12 since at least then, too. + Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1 - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? - 11:00 - VLAT + 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? + 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 10:00 - VLAT + -# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] -# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): +# Asia/Kamchatka covers... +# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai # -# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. +# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak +# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. + +# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps +# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time - 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s - 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s + 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 12:00 - PETT -# -# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug + + +# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): +# Asia/Anadyr covers... +# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug + Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time - 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s - 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s - 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s + 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s + 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 12:00 - ANAT + # San Marino # See Europe/Rome. @@ -2466,11 +2819,11 @@ Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 - 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s -# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of +# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. -# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. +# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj. 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1:00 EU CE%sT Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia @@ -2546,13 +2899,13 @@ Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 0:00 - WET 1924 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 - 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 + 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 1:00 - CET 1986 1:00 EU CE%sT Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. - -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time - 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s - 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s + -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T + 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s + 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 0:00 EU WE%sT # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. @@ -2561,7 +2914,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: # -# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: +# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the @@ -2572,7 +2925,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... # # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk -# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning +# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west @@ -2580,7 +2933,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. # -# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states +# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". @@ -2590,7 +2943,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click -# the Sok-button). +# the Sök-button). # # (2001-05-13): # @@ -2605,9 +2958,9 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 - 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time + 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00 + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 1:00 - CET 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -2615,7 +2968,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 # From Howse: # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep -# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... +# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 .... # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S @@ -2631,7 +2984,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 # to be wrong. This is now verified. # # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal -# government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss +# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss # federal law collection)... # # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am @@ -2650,7 +3003,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such # a thing had happened in Switzerland. # -# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de +# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. @@ -2664,19 +3017,19 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for # most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of -# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not +# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. # # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): # The Federal regulations say # http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html -# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26'22.50". +# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50". # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): -# the "Circulaire du conseil federal" (December 11 1893) -# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ... +# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893) +# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one # hour before the beginning of service. @@ -2687,14 +3040,14 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: # -# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmassig, punktlich, schnell: Zeiteinteilung und +# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und # Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, # ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. # # suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not # agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the # most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the -# "Bundesgesetz uber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on +# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph @@ -2708,7 +3061,7 @@ Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. - 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time + 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -2716,7 +3069,7 @@ Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. -# ... The latest rules are available at - +# ... The latest rules are available at: # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that @@ -2741,8 +3094,7 @@ Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm -# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): -# +# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. @@ -2755,9 +3107,16 @@ Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. # Turkish Local election.... # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. -# From Paul Eggert (2014-02-17): -# Here is an English-language source: -# http://www.worldbulletin.net/turkey/129016/turkey-switches-to-daylight-saving-time-march-31 +# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): +# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, +# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST +# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): +# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule +# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: +# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency +# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. +# I guess the best we can do is document the official time. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S @@ -2824,10 +3183,10 @@ Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 - 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u - 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u - 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u - 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u + 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u + 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 2:00 EU EE%sT Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. @@ -2848,7 +3207,7 @@ Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. # Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got # approval from 266 deputies. # -# Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian) +# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian) # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ # # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) @@ -2909,12 +3268,12 @@ Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2:00 EU EE%sT # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. -# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but +# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 1:00 - CET 1940 @@ -2922,8 +3281,8 @@ Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 - 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 - 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 + 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 + 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 2:00 - EET 1992 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2:00 EU EE%sT @@ -2937,42 +3296,9 @@ Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2:00 EU EE%sT -# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. -Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 - 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T - 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 - 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 - 2:00 - EET 1992 -# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): -# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched -# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. -# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened -# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say -# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it -# changed in May. - 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May -# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. - 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s - 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s -# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. -# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 - 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u -# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): -# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 -# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html -# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): -# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks -# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial -# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. - 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 - 4:00 - MSK # Vatican City # See Europe/Rome. @@ -2996,7 +3322,7 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 # ... # # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when -# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only +# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following @@ -3004,7 +3330,7 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep -# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. +# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now. # # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the # Soviet Union (as far as I know). |