path: root/src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * parse_relation.c
 *	  parser support routines dealing with relations
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2001, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c,v 1.66 2002/03/26 19:15:59 tgl Exp $
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#include "postgres.h"

#include <ctype.h>

#include "access/heapam.h"
#include "access/htup.h"
#include "catalog/heap.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
#include "parser/parsetree.h"
#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
#include "parser/parse_expr.h"
#include "parser/parse_relation.h"
#include "parser/parse_type.h"
#include "rewrite/rewriteManip.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
#include "utils/syscache.h"


static Node *scanNameSpaceForRefname(ParseState *pstate, Node *nsnode,
						char *refname);
static Node *scanRTEForColumn(ParseState *pstate, RangeTblEntry *rte,
				 char *colname);
static bool isForUpdate(ParseState *pstate, char *refname);
static int	specialAttNum(char *a);
static void warnAutoRange(ParseState *pstate, RangeVar *relation);


/*
 * refnameRangeTblEntry
 *	  Given a refname, look to see if it matches any RTE.
 *	  If so, return a pointer to the RangeTblEntry.
 *	  Optionally get its nesting depth (0 = current).	If sublevels_up
 *	  is NULL, only consider items at the current nesting level.
 */
RangeTblEntry *
refnameRangeTblEntry(ParseState *pstate,
					 char *refname,
					 int *sublevels_up)
{
	if (sublevels_up)
		*sublevels_up = 0;

	while (pstate != NULL)
	{
		Node	   *nsnode;

		nsnode = scanNameSpaceForRefname(pstate,
										 (Node *) pstate->p_namespace,
										 refname);
		if (nsnode)
		{
			/* should get an RTE or JoinExpr */
			if (IsA(nsnode, RangeTblEntry))
				return (RangeTblEntry *) nsnode;
			Assert(IsA(nsnode, JoinExpr));
			return rt_fetch(((JoinExpr *) nsnode)->rtindex, pstate->p_rtable);
		}

		pstate = pstate->parentParseState;
		if (sublevels_up)
			(*sublevels_up)++;
		else
			break;
	}
	return NULL;
}

/*
 * Recursively search a namespace for an RTE or joinexpr with given refname.
 *
 * The top level of p_namespace is a list, and we recurse into any joins
 * that are not subqueries.  It is also possible to pass an individual
 * join subtree (useful when checking for name conflicts within a scope).
 *
 * Note: we do not worry about the possibility of multiple matches;
 * we assume the code that built the namespace checked for duplicates.
 */
static Node *
scanNameSpaceForRefname(ParseState *pstate, Node *nsnode,
						char *refname)
{
	Node	   *result = NULL;

	if (nsnode == NULL)
		return NULL;
	if (IsA(nsnode, RangeTblRef))
	{
		int			varno = ((RangeTblRef *) nsnode)->rtindex;
		RangeTblEntry *rte = rt_fetch(varno, pstate->p_rtable);

		if (strcmp(rte->eref->aliasname, refname) == 0)
			result = (Node *) rte;
	}
	else if (IsA(nsnode, JoinExpr))
	{
		JoinExpr   *j = (JoinExpr *) nsnode;

		if (j->alias)
		{
			if (strcmp(j->alias->aliasname, refname) == 0)
				return (Node *) j;		/* matched a join alias */

			/*
			 * Tables within an aliased join are invisible from outside
			 * the join, according to the scope rules of SQL92 (the join
			 * is considered a subquery).  So, stop here.
			 */
			return NULL;
		}
		result = scanNameSpaceForRefname(pstate, j->larg, refname);
		if (!result)
			result = scanNameSpaceForRefname(pstate, j->rarg, refname);
	}
	else if (IsA(nsnode, List))
	{
		List	   *l;

		foreach(l, (List *) nsnode)
		{
			result = scanNameSpaceForRefname(pstate, lfirst(l), refname);
			if (result)
				break;
		}
	}
	else
		elog(ERROR, "scanNameSpaceForRefname: unexpected node type %d",
			 nodeTag(nsnode));
	return result;
}

/* Convenience subroutine for checkNameSpaceConflicts */
static void
scanNameSpaceForConflict(ParseState *pstate, Node *nsnode,
						 char *refname)
{
	if (scanNameSpaceForRefname(pstate, nsnode, refname) != NULL)
		elog(ERROR, "Table name \"%s\" specified more than once", refname);
}

/*
 * Recursively check for refname conflicts between two namespaces or
 * namespace subtrees.	Raise an error if any is found.
 *
 * Works by recursively scanning namespace1 in the same way that
 * scanNameSpaceForRefname does, and then looking in namespace2 for
 * a match to each refname found in namespace1.
 *
 * Note: we assume that each given argument does not contain conflicts
 * itself; we just want to know if the two can be merged together.
 */
void
checkNameSpaceConflicts(ParseState *pstate, Node *namespace1,
						Node *namespace2)
{
	if (namespace1 == NULL)
		return;
	if (IsA(namespace1, RangeTblRef))
	{
		int			varno = ((RangeTblRef *) namespace1)->rtindex;
		RangeTblEntry *rte = rt_fetch(varno, pstate->p_rtable);

		scanNameSpaceForConflict(pstate, namespace2, rte->eref->aliasname);
	}
	else if (IsA(namespace1, JoinExpr))
	{
		JoinExpr   *j = (JoinExpr *) namespace1;

		if (j->alias)
		{
			scanNameSpaceForConflict(pstate, namespace2, j->alias->aliasname);

			/*
			 * Tables within an aliased join are invisible from outside
			 * the join, according to the scope rules of SQL92 (the join
			 * is considered a subquery).  So, stop here.
			 */
			return;
		}
		checkNameSpaceConflicts(pstate, j->larg, namespace2);
		checkNameSpaceConflicts(pstate, j->rarg, namespace2);
	}
	else if (IsA(namespace1, List))
	{
		List	   *l;

		foreach(l, (List *) namespace1)
			checkNameSpaceConflicts(pstate, lfirst(l), namespace2);
	}
	else
		elog(ERROR, "checkNameSpaceConflicts: unexpected node type %d",
			 nodeTag(namespace1));
}

/*
 * given an RTE, return RT index (starting with 1) of the entry,
 * and optionally get its nesting depth (0 = current).	If sublevels_up
 * is NULL, only consider rels at the current nesting level.
 * Raises error if RTE not found.
 */
int
RTERangeTablePosn(ParseState *pstate, RangeTblEntry *rte, int *sublevels_up)
{
	int			index;
	List	   *temp;

	if (sublevels_up)
		*sublevels_up = 0;

	while (pstate != NULL)
	{
		index = 1;
		foreach(temp, pstate->p_rtable)
		{
			if (rte == (RangeTblEntry *) lfirst(temp))
				return index;
			index++;
		}
		pstate = pstate->parentParseState;
		if (sublevels_up)
			(*sublevels_up)++;
		else
			break;
	}

	elog(ERROR, "RTERangeTablePosn: RTE not found (internal error)");
	return 0;					/* keep compiler quiet */
}

/*
 * scanRTEForColumn
 *	  Search the column names of a single RTE for the given name.
 *	  If found, return an appropriate Var node, else return NULL.
 *	  If the name proves ambiguous within this RTE, raise error.
 *
 * Side effect: if we find a match, mark the RTE as requiring read access.
 * See comments in setTargetTable().
 *
 * NOTE: if the RTE is for a join, marking it as requiring read access does
 * nothing.  It might seem that we need to propagate the mark to all the
 * contained RTEs, but that is not necessary.  This is so because a join
 * expression can only appear in a FROM clause, and any table named in
 * FROM will be marked checkForRead from the beginning.
 */
static Node *
scanRTEForColumn(ParseState *pstate, RangeTblEntry *rte, char *colname)
{
	Node	   *result = NULL;
	int			attnum = 0;
	List	   *c;

	/*
	 * Scan the user column names (or aliases) for a match. Complain if
	 * multiple matches.
	 */
	foreach(c, rte->eref->colnames)
	{
		attnum++;
		if (strcmp(strVal(lfirst(c)), colname) == 0)
		{
			if (result)
				elog(ERROR, "Column reference \"%s\" is ambiguous", colname);
			result = (Node *) make_var(pstate, rte, attnum);
			rte->checkForRead = true;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * If we have a unique match, return it.  Note that this allows a user
	 * alias to override a system column name (such as OID) without error.
	 */
	if (result)
		return result;

	/*
	 * If the RTE represents a real table, consider system column names.
	 */
	if (rte->rtekind == RTE_RELATION)
	{
		/* quick check to see if name could be a system column */
		attnum = specialAttNum(colname);
		if (attnum != InvalidAttrNumber)
		{
			/* now check to see if column actually is defined */
			if (SearchSysCacheExists(ATTNUM,
									 ObjectIdGetDatum(rte->relid),
									 Int16GetDatum(attnum),
									 0, 0))
			{
				result = (Node *) make_var(pstate, rte, attnum);
				rte->checkForRead = true;
			}
		}
	}

	return result;
}

/*
 * colnameToVar
 *	  Search for an unqualified column name.
 *	  If found, return the appropriate Var node (or expression).
 *	  If not found, return NULL.  If the name proves ambiguous, raise error.
 */
Node *
colnameToVar(ParseState *pstate, char *colname)
{
	Node	   *result = NULL;
	ParseState *orig_pstate = pstate;
	int			levels_up = 0;

	while (pstate != NULL)
	{
		List	   *ns;

		/*
		 * We need to look only at top-level namespace items, and even for
		 * those, ignore RTEs that are marked as not inFromCl and not the
		 * query's target relation.
		 */
		foreach(ns, pstate->p_namespace)
		{
			Node	   *nsnode = (Node *) lfirst(ns);
			Node	   *newresult = NULL;

			if (IsA(nsnode, RangeTblRef))
			{
				int			varno = ((RangeTblRef *) nsnode)->rtindex;
				RangeTblEntry *rte = rt_fetch(varno, pstate->p_rtable);

				if (!rte->inFromCl &&
					rte != pstate->p_target_rangetblentry)
					continue;

				/* use orig_pstate here to get the right sublevels_up */
				newresult = scanRTEForColumn(orig_pstate, rte, colname);
			}
			else if (IsA(nsnode, JoinExpr))
			{
				int			varno = ((JoinExpr *) nsnode)->rtindex;
				RangeTblEntry *rte = rt_fetch(varno, pstate->p_rtable);

				/* joins are always inFromCl, so no need to check */

				/* use orig_pstate here to get the right sublevels_up */
				newresult = scanRTEForColumn(orig_pstate, rte, colname);
			}
			else
				elog(ERROR, "colnameToVar: unexpected node type %d",
					 nodeTag(nsnode));

			if (newresult)
			{
				if (result)
					elog(ERROR, "Column reference \"%s\" is ambiguous",
						 colname);
				result = newresult;
			}
		}

		if (result != NULL)
			break;				/* found */

		pstate = pstate->parentParseState;
		levels_up++;
	}

	return result;
}

/*
 * qualifiedNameToVar
 *	  Search for a qualified column name (refname + column name).
 *	  If found, return the appropriate Var node.
 *	  If not found, return NULL.  If the name proves ambiguous, raise error.
 */
Node *
qualifiedNameToVar(ParseState *pstate, char *refname, char *colname,
				   bool implicitRTEOK)
{
	RangeTblEntry *rte;
	int			sublevels_up;

	rte = refnameRangeTblEntry(pstate, refname, &sublevels_up);

	if (rte == NULL)
	{
		if (!implicitRTEOK)
			return NULL;
		rte = addImplicitRTE(pstate, makeRangeVar(NULL, refname));
	}

	return scanRTEForColumn(pstate, rte, colname);
}

/*
 * Add an entry for a relation to the pstate's range table (p_rtable).
 *
 * If pstate is NULL, we just build an RTE and return it without adding it
 * to an rtable list.
 *
 * Note: formerly this checked for refname conflicts, but that's wrong.
 * Caller is responsible for checking for conflicts in the appropriate scope.
 */
RangeTblEntry *
addRangeTableEntry(ParseState *pstate,
				   RangeVar *relation,
				   Alias *alias,
				   bool inh,
				   bool inFromCl)
{
	RangeTblEntry *rte = makeNode(RangeTblEntry);
	char	   *refname = alias ? alias->aliasname : relation->relname;
	LOCKMODE	lockmode;
	Relation	rel;
	Alias	   *eref;
	int			maxattrs;
	int			numaliases;
	int			varattno;

	rte->rtekind = RTE_RELATION;
	rte->alias = alias;

	/*
	 * Get the rel's OID.  This access also ensures that we have an
	 * up-to-date relcache entry for the rel.  Since this is typically the
	 * first access to a rel in a statement, be careful to get the right
	 * access level depending on whether we're doing SELECT FOR UPDATE.
	 */
	lockmode = isForUpdate(pstate, refname) ? RowShareLock : AccessShareLock;
	rel = heap_openrv(relation, lockmode);
	rte->relid = RelationGetRelid(rel);

	eref = alias ? (Alias *) copyObject(alias) : makeAlias(refname, NIL);
	numaliases = length(eref->colnames);

	/*
	 * Since the rel is open anyway, let's check that the number of column
	 * aliases is reasonable. - Thomas 2000-02-04
	 */
	maxattrs = RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(rel);
	if (maxattrs < numaliases)
		elog(ERROR, "Table \"%s\" has %d columns available but %d columns specified",
			 RelationGetRelationName(rel), maxattrs, numaliases);

	/* fill in any unspecified alias columns using actual column names */
	for (varattno = numaliases; varattno < maxattrs; varattno++)
	{
		char	   *attrname;

		attrname = pstrdup(NameStr(rel->rd_att->attrs[varattno]->attname));
		eref->colnames = lappend(eref->colnames, makeString(attrname));
	}
	rte->eref = eref;

	/*
	 * Drop the rel refcount, but keep the access lock till end of
	 * transaction so that the table can't be deleted or have its schema
	 * modified underneath us.
	 */
	heap_close(rel, NoLock);

	/*----------
	 * Flags:
	 * - this RTE should be expanded to include descendant tables,
	 * - this RTE is in the FROM clause,
	 * - this RTE should be checked for read/write access rights.
	 *
	 * The initial default on access checks is always check-for-READ-access,
	 * which is the right thing for all except target tables.
	 *----------
	 */
	rte->inh = inh;
	rte->inFromCl = inFromCl;
	rte->checkForRead = true;
	rte->checkForWrite = false;

	rte->checkAsUser = InvalidOid;		/* not set-uid by default, either */

	/*
	 * Add completed RTE to pstate's range table list, but not to join
	 * list nor namespace --- caller must do that if appropriate.
	 */
	if (pstate != NULL)
		pstate->p_rtable = lappend(pstate->p_rtable, rte);

	return rte;
}

/*
 * Add an entry for a relation to the pstate's range table (p_rtable).
 *
 * This is just like addRangeTableEntry() except that it makes an RTE
 * given a relation OID instead of a RangeVar reference.
 *
 * Note that an alias clause *must* be supplied.
 */
RangeTblEntry *
addRangeTableEntryForRelation(ParseState *pstate,
							  Oid relid,
							  Alias *alias,
							  bool inh,
							  bool inFromCl)
{
	RangeTblEntry *rte = makeNode(RangeTblEntry);
	char	   *refname = alias->aliasname;
	LOCKMODE	lockmode;
	Relation	rel;
	Alias	   *eref;
	int			maxattrs;
	int			numaliases;
	int			varattno;

	rte->rtekind = RTE_RELATION;
	rte->alias = alias;

	/*
	 * Get the rel's relcache entry.  This access ensures that we have an
	 * up-to-date relcache entry for the rel.  Since this is typically the
	 * first access to a rel in a statement, be careful to get the right
	 * access level depending on whether we're doing SELECT FOR UPDATE.
	 */
	lockmode = isForUpdate(pstate, refname) ? RowShareLock : AccessShareLock;
	rel = heap_open(relid, lockmode);
	rte->relid = relid;

	eref = (Alias *) copyObject(alias);
	numaliases = length(eref->colnames);

	/*
	 * Since the rel is open anyway, let's check that the number of column
	 * aliases is reasonable. - Thomas 2000-02-04
	 */
	maxattrs = RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(rel);
	if (maxattrs < numaliases)
		elog(ERROR, "Table \"%s\" has %d columns available but %d columns specified",
			 RelationGetRelationName(rel), maxattrs, numaliases);

	/* fill in any unspecified alias columns using actual column names */
	for (varattno = numaliases; varattno < maxattrs; varattno++)
	{
		char	   *attrname;

		attrname = pstrdup(NameStr(rel->rd_att->attrs[varattno]->attname));
		eref->colnames = lappend(eref->colnames, makeString(attrname));
	}
	rte->eref = eref;

	/*
	 * Drop the rel refcount, but keep the access lock till end of
	 * transaction so that the table can't be deleted or have its schema
	 * modified underneath us.
	 */
	heap_close(rel, NoLock);

	/*----------
	 * Flags:
	 * - this RTE should be expanded to include descendant tables,
	 * - this RTE is in the FROM clause,
	 * - this RTE should be checked for read/write access rights.
	 *
	 * The initial default on access checks is always check-for-READ-access,
	 * which is the right thing for all except target tables.
	 *----------
	 */
	rte->inh = inh;
	rte->inFromCl = inFromCl;
	rte->checkForRead = true;
	rte->checkForWrite = false;

	rte->checkAsUser = InvalidOid;		/* not set-uid by default, either */

	/*
	 * Add completed RTE to pstate's range table list, but not to join
	 * list nor namespace --- caller must do that if appropriate.
	 */
	if (pstate != NULL)
		pstate->p_rtable = lappend(pstate->p_rtable, rte);

	return rte;
}

/*
 * Add an entry for a subquery to the pstate's range table (p_rtable).
 *
 * This is just like addRangeTableEntry() except that it makes a subquery RTE.
 * Note that an alias clause *must* be supplied.
 */
RangeTblEntry *
addRangeTableEntryForSubquery(ParseState *pstate,
							  Query *subquery,
							  Alias *alias,
							  bool inFromCl)
{
	RangeTblEntry *rte = makeNode(RangeTblEntry);
	char	   *refname = alias->aliasname;
	Alias	   *eref;
	int			numaliases;
	int			varattno;
	List	   *tlistitem;

	rte->rtekind = RTE_SUBQUERY;
	rte->relid = InvalidOid;
	rte->subquery = subquery;
	rte->alias = alias;

	eref = copyObject(alias);
	numaliases = length(eref->colnames);

	/* fill in any unspecified alias columns */
	varattno = 0;
	foreach(tlistitem, subquery->targetList)
	{
		TargetEntry *te = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(tlistitem);

		if (te->resdom->resjunk)
			continue;
		varattno++;
		Assert(varattno == te->resdom->resno);
		if (varattno > numaliases)
		{
			char	   *attrname;

			attrname = pstrdup(te->resdom->resname);
			eref->colnames = lappend(eref->colnames, makeString(attrname));
		}
	}
	if (varattno < numaliases)
		elog(ERROR, "Table \"%s\" has %d columns available but %d columns specified",
			 refname, varattno, numaliases);

	rte->eref = eref;

	/*----------
	 * Flags:
	 * - this RTE should be expanded to include descendant tables,
	 * - this RTE is in the FROM clause,
	 * - this RTE should be checked for read/write access rights.
	 *
	 * Subqueries are never checked for access rights.
	 *----------
	 */
	rte->inh = false;			/* never true for subqueries */
	rte->inFromCl = inFromCl;
	rte->checkForRead = false;
	rte->checkForWrite = false;

	rte->checkAsUser = InvalidOid;

	/*
	 * Add completed RTE to pstate's range table list, but not to join
	 * list nor namespace --- caller must do that if appropriate.
	 */
	if (pstate != NULL)
		pstate->p_rtable = lappend(pstate->p_rtable, rte);

	return rte;
}

/*
 * Add an entry for a join to the pstate's range table (p_rtable).
 *
 * This is much like addRangeTableEntry() except that it makes a join RTE.
 */
RangeTblEntry *
addRangeTableEntryForJoin(ParseState *pstate,
						  List *colnames,
						  JoinType jointype,
						  List *coltypes,
						  List *coltypmods,
						  List *leftcols,
						  List *rightcols,
						  Alias *alias,
						  bool inFromCl)
{
	RangeTblEntry *rte = makeNode(RangeTblEntry);
	Alias	   *eref;
	int			numaliases;

	rte->rtekind = RTE_JOIN;
	rte->relid = InvalidOid;
	rte->subquery = NULL;
	rte->jointype = jointype;
	rte->joincoltypes = coltypes;
	rte->joincoltypmods = coltypmods;
	rte->joinleftcols = leftcols;
	rte->joinrightcols = rightcols;
	rte->alias = alias;

	eref = alias ? (Alias *) copyObject(alias) : makeAlias("unnamed_join", NIL);
	numaliases = length(eref->colnames);

	/* fill in any unspecified alias columns */
	if (numaliases < length(colnames))
	{
		while (numaliases-- > 0)
			colnames = lnext(colnames);
		eref->colnames = nconc(eref->colnames, colnames);
	}

	rte->eref = eref;

	/*----------
	 * Flags:
	 * - this RTE should be expanded to include descendant tables,
	 * - this RTE is in the FROM clause,
	 * - this RTE should be checked for read/write access rights.
	 *
	 * Joins are never checked for access rights.
	 *----------
	 */
	rte->inh = false;			/* never true for joins */
	rte->inFromCl = inFromCl;
	rte->checkForRead = false;
	rte->checkForWrite = false;

	rte->checkAsUser = InvalidOid;

	/*
	 * Add completed RTE to pstate's range table list, but not to join
	 * list nor namespace --- caller must do that if appropriate.
	 */
	if (pstate != NULL)
		pstate->p_rtable = lappend(pstate->p_rtable, rte);

	return rte;
}

/*
 * Has the specified refname been selected FOR UPDATE?
 */
static bool
isForUpdate(ParseState *pstate, char *refname)
{
	/* Outer loop to check parent query levels as well as this one */
	while (pstate != NULL)
	{
		if (pstate->p_forUpdate != NIL)
		{
			if (lfirst(pstate->p_forUpdate) == NULL)
			{
				/* all tables used in query */
				return true;
			}
			else
			{
				/* just the named tables */
				List	   *l;

				foreach(l, pstate->p_forUpdate)
				{
					char	   *rname = strVal(lfirst(l));

					if (strcmp(refname, rname) == 0)
						return true;
				}
			}
		}
		pstate = pstate->parentParseState;
	}
	return false;
}

/*
 * Add the given RTE as a top-level entry in the pstate's join list
 * and/or name space list.	(We assume caller has checked for any
 * namespace conflict.)
 */
void
addRTEtoQuery(ParseState *pstate, RangeTblEntry *rte,
			  bool addToJoinList, bool addToNameSpace)
{
	int			rtindex = RTERangeTablePosn(pstate, rte, NULL);
	RangeTblRef *rtr = makeNode(RangeTblRef);

	rtr->rtindex = rtindex;

	if (addToJoinList)
		pstate->p_joinlist = lappend(pstate->p_joinlist, rtr);
	if (addToNameSpace)
		pstate->p_namespace = lappend(pstate->p_namespace, rtr);
}

/*
 * Add a POSTQUEL-style implicit RTE.
 *
 * We assume caller has already checked that there is no RTE or join with
 * a conflicting name.
 */
RangeTblEntry *
addImplicitRTE(ParseState *pstate, RangeVar *relation)
{
	RangeTblEntry *rte;

	rte = addRangeTableEntry(pstate, relation, NULL, false, false);
	addRTEtoQuery(pstate, rte, true, true);
	warnAutoRange(pstate, relation);

	return rte;
}

/* expandRTE()
 *
 * Given a rangetable entry, create lists of its column names (aliases if
 * provided, else real names) and Vars for each column.  Only user columns
 * are considered, since this is primarily used to expand '*' and determine
 * the contents of JOIN tables.
 *
 * If only one of the two kinds of output list is needed, pass NULL for the
 * output pointer for the unwanted one.
 */
void
expandRTE(ParseState *pstate, RangeTblEntry *rte,
		  List **colnames, List **colvars)
{
	int			rtindex,
				sublevels_up,
				varattno;

	if (colnames)
		*colnames = NIL;
	if (colvars)
		*colvars = NIL;

	/* Need the RT index of the entry for creating Vars */
	rtindex = RTERangeTablePosn(pstate, rte, &sublevels_up);

	if (rte->rtekind == RTE_RELATION)
	{
		/* Ordinary relation RTE */
		Relation	rel;
		int			maxattrs;
		int			numaliases;

		rel = heap_open(rte->relid, AccessShareLock);
		maxattrs = RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(rel);
		numaliases = length(rte->eref->colnames);

		for (varattno = 0; varattno < maxattrs; varattno++)
		{
			Form_pg_attribute attr = rel->rd_att->attrs[varattno];

#ifdef	_DROP_COLUMN_HACK__
			if (COLUMN_IS_DROPPED(attr))
				continue;
#endif   /* _DROP_COLUMN_HACK__ */

			if (colnames)
			{
				char	   *label;

				if (varattno < numaliases)
					label = strVal(nth(varattno, rte->eref->colnames));
				else
					label = NameStr(attr->attname);
				*colnames = lappend(*colnames, makeString(pstrdup(label)));
			}

			if (colvars)
			{
				Var		   *varnode;

				varnode = makeVar(rtindex, attr->attnum,
								  attr->atttypid, attr->atttypmod,
								  sublevels_up);

				*colvars = lappend(*colvars, varnode);
			}
		}

		heap_close(rel, AccessShareLock);
	}
	else if (rte->rtekind == RTE_SUBQUERY)
	{
		/* Subquery RTE */
		List	   *aliasp = rte->eref->colnames;
		List	   *tlistitem;

		varattno = 0;
		foreach(tlistitem, rte->subquery->targetList)
		{
			TargetEntry *te = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(tlistitem);

			if (te->resdom->resjunk)
				continue;
			varattno++;
			Assert(varattno == te->resdom->resno);

			if (colnames)
			{
				/* Assume there is one alias per target item */
				char	   *label = strVal(lfirst(aliasp));

				*colnames = lappend(*colnames, makeString(pstrdup(label)));
				aliasp = lnext(aliasp);
			}

			if (colvars)
			{
				Var		   *varnode;

				varnode = makeVar(rtindex, varattno,
								  te->resdom->restype,
								  te->resdom->restypmod,
								  sublevels_up);

				*colvars = lappend(*colvars, varnode);
			}
		}
	}
	else if (rte->rtekind == RTE_JOIN)
	{
		/* Join RTE */
		List	   *aliasp = rte->eref->colnames;
		List	   *coltypes = rte->joincoltypes;
		List	   *coltypmods = rte->joincoltypmods;

		varattno = 0;
		while (aliasp)
		{
			Assert(coltypes && coltypmods);
			varattno++;

			if (colnames)
			{
				char	   *label = strVal(lfirst(aliasp));

				*colnames = lappend(*colnames, makeString(pstrdup(label)));
			}

			if (colvars)
			{
				Var		   *varnode;

				varnode = makeVar(rtindex, varattno,
								  (Oid) lfirsti(coltypes),
								  (int32) lfirsti(coltypmods),
								  sublevels_up);

				*colvars = lappend(*colvars, varnode);
			}

			aliasp = lnext(aliasp);
			coltypes = lnext(coltypes);
			coltypmods = lnext(coltypmods);
		}
		Assert(coltypes == NIL && coltypmods == NIL);
	}
	else
		elog(ERROR, "expandRTE: unsupported RTE kind %d",
			 (int) rte->rtekind);
}

/*
 * expandRelAttrs -
 *	  Workhorse for "*" expansion: produce a list of targetentries
 *	  for the attributes of the rte
 */
List *
expandRelAttrs(ParseState *pstate, RangeTblEntry *rte)
{
	List	   *names,
			   *vars;
	List	   *te_list = NIL;

	expandRTE(pstate, rte, &names, &vars);

	while (names)
	{
		char	   *label = strVal(lfirst(names));
		Node	   *varnode = (Node *) lfirst(vars);
		TargetEntry *te = makeNode(TargetEntry);

		te->resdom = makeResdom((AttrNumber) (pstate->p_last_resno)++,
								exprType(varnode),
								exprTypmod(varnode),
								label,
								false);
		te->expr = varnode;
		te_list = lappend(te_list, te);

		names = lnext(names);
		vars = lnext(vars);
	}

	Assert(vars == NIL);		/* lists not same length? */

	return te_list;
}

/*
 * get_rte_attribute_name
 *		Get an attribute name from a RangeTblEntry
 *
 * This is unlike get_attname() because we use aliases if available.
 * In particular, it will work on an RTE for a subselect or join, whereas
 * get_attname() only works on real relations.
 *
 * "*" is returned if the given attnum is InvalidAttrNumber --- this case
 * occurs when a Var represents a whole tuple of a relation.
 */
char *
get_rte_attribute_name(RangeTblEntry *rte, AttrNumber attnum)
{
	char	   *attname;

	if (attnum == InvalidAttrNumber)
		return "*";

	/*
	 * If there is an alias, use it.  (This path should always be taken
	 * for non-relation RTEs.)
	 */
	if (attnum > 0 && attnum <= length(rte->eref->colnames))
		return strVal(nth(attnum - 1, rte->eref->colnames));

	/*
	 * Can get here for a system attribute (which never has an alias), or
	 * if alias name list is too short (which probably can't happen
	 * anymore).  Neither of these cases is valid for a non-relation RTE.
	 */
	if (rte->rtekind != RTE_RELATION)
		elog(ERROR, "Invalid attnum %d for rangetable entry %s",
			 attnum, rte->eref->aliasname);

	/*
	 * Use the real name of the table's column
	 */
	attname = get_attname(rte->relid, attnum);
	if (attname == NULL)
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup of attribute %d in relation %u failed",
			 attnum, rte->relid);
	return attname;
}

/*
 * get_rte_attribute_type
 *		Get attribute type information from a RangeTblEntry
 */
void
get_rte_attribute_type(RangeTblEntry *rte, AttrNumber attnum,
					   Oid *vartype, int32 *vartypmod)
{
	if (rte->rtekind == RTE_RELATION)
	{
		/* Plain relation RTE --- get the attribute's type info */
		HeapTuple	tp;
		Form_pg_attribute att_tup;

		tp = SearchSysCache(ATTNUM,
							ObjectIdGetDatum(rte->relid),
							Int16GetDatum(attnum),
							0, 0);
		/* this shouldn't happen... */
		if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
			elog(ERROR, "Relation %s does not have attribute %d",
				 get_rel_name(rte->relid), attnum);
		att_tup = (Form_pg_attribute) GETSTRUCT(tp);
		*vartype = att_tup->atttypid;
		*vartypmod = att_tup->atttypmod;
		ReleaseSysCache(tp);
	}
	else if (rte->rtekind == RTE_SUBQUERY)
	{
		/* Subselect RTE --- get type info from subselect's tlist */
		List	   *tlistitem;

		foreach(tlistitem, rte->subquery->targetList)
		{
			TargetEntry *te = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(tlistitem);

			if (te->resdom->resjunk || te->resdom->resno != attnum)
				continue;
			*vartype = te->resdom->restype;
			*vartypmod = te->resdom->restypmod;
			return;
		}
		/* falling off end of list shouldn't happen... */
		elog(ERROR, "Subquery %s does not have attribute %d",
			 rte->eref->aliasname, attnum);
	}
	else if (rte->rtekind == RTE_JOIN)
	{
		/* Join RTE --- get type info directly from join RTE */
		Assert(attnum > 0 && attnum <= length(rte->joincoltypes));
		*vartype = (Oid) nthi(attnum-1, rte->joincoltypes);
		*vartypmod = nthi(attnum-1, rte->joincoltypmods);
	}
	else
		elog(ERROR, "get_rte_attribute_type: unsupported RTE kind %d",
			 (int) rte->rtekind);
}

/*
 *	given relation and att name, return id of variable
 *
 *	This should only be used if the relation is already
 *	heap_open()'ed.  Use the cache version get_attnum()
 *	for access to non-opened relations.
 */
int
attnameAttNum(Relation rd, char *a)
{
	int			i;

	for (i = 0; i < rd->rd_rel->relnatts; i++)
		if (namestrcmp(&(rd->rd_att->attrs[i]->attname), a) == 0)
			return i + 1;

	if ((i = specialAttNum(a)) != InvalidAttrNumber)
	{
		if (i != ObjectIdAttributeNumber || rd->rd_rel->relhasoids)
			return i;
	}

	/* on failure */
	elog(ERROR, "Relation '%s' does not have attribute '%s'",
		 RelationGetRelationName(rd), a);
	return InvalidAttrNumber;	/* lint */
}

/* specialAttNum()
 *
 * Check attribute name to see if it is "special", e.g. "oid".
 * - thomas 2000-02-07
 *
 * Note: this only discovers whether the name could be a system attribute.
 * Caller needs to verify that it really is an attribute of the rel,
 * at least in the case of "oid", which is now optional.
 */
static int
specialAttNum(char *a)
{
	Form_pg_attribute sysatt;

	sysatt = SystemAttributeByName(a, true /* "oid" will be accepted */ );
	if (sysatt != NULL)
		return sysatt->attnum;
	return InvalidAttrNumber;
}


/*
 * given attribute id, return name of that attribute
 *
 *	This should only be used if the relation is already
 *	heap_open()'ed.  Use the cache version get_atttype()
 *	for access to non-opened relations.
 */
Name
attnumAttName(Relation rd, int attid)
{
	if (attid <= 0)
	{
		Form_pg_attribute sysatt;

		sysatt = SystemAttributeDefinition(attid, rd->rd_rel->relhasoids);
		return &sysatt->attname;
	}
	if (attid > rd->rd_att->natts)
		elog(ERROR, "attnumAttName: invalid attribute number %d", attid);
	return &rd->rd_att->attrs[attid - 1]->attname;
}

/*
 * given attribute id, return type of that attribute
 *
 *	This should only be used if the relation is already
 *	heap_open()'ed.  Use the cache version get_atttype()
 *	for access to non-opened relations.
 */
Oid
attnumTypeId(Relation rd, int attid)
{
	if (attid <= 0)
	{
		Form_pg_attribute sysatt;

		sysatt = SystemAttributeDefinition(attid, rd->rd_rel->relhasoids);
		return sysatt->atttypid;
	}
	if (attid > rd->rd_att->natts)
		elog(ERROR, "attnumTypeId: invalid attribute number %d", attid);
	return rd->rd_att->attrs[attid - 1]->atttypid;
}

/*
 * Generate a warning about an implicit RTE, if appropriate.
 *
 * Our current theory on this is that we should allow "SELECT foo.*"
 * but warn about a mixture of explicit and implicit RTEs.
 */
static void
warnAutoRange(ParseState *pstate, RangeVar *relation)
{
	bool		foundInFromCl = false;
	List	   *temp;

	foreach(temp, pstate->p_rtable)
	{
		RangeTblEntry *rte = lfirst(temp);

		if (rte->inFromCl)
		{
			foundInFromCl = true;
			break;
		}
	}
	if (foundInFromCl)
		elog(NOTICE, "Adding missing FROM-clause entry%s for table \"%s\"",
			 pstate->parentParseState != NULL ? " in subquery" : "",
			 relation->relname);
}