2to3: Apply `repr` fixer.

This replaces python backtics with repr(...). The backtics were mostly
used to generate strings for printing with a string format and it is
tempting to replace `'%s' % repr(x)` with `'%r' % x`. That would work
except where `x` happened to be a tuple or a dictionary but, because it
would be significant work to guarantee that and because there are not
many places where backtics are used, the safe path is to let the repr
replacements stand.

Closes #3083.

22 files changed, 134 insertions, 133 deletions

diff --git a/numpy/_import_tools.py b/numpy/_import_tools.py
index 9ff9427d0..ba9e021c7 100644
--- a/numpy/_import_tools.py
+++ b/numpy/_import_tools.py
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ class PackageLoaderDebug(PackageLoader):
     def _execcmd(self,cmdstr):
         """ Execute command in parent_frame."""
         frame = self.parent_frame
-        print('Executing',`cmdstr`,'...', end=' ')
+        print('Executing',repr(cmdstr),'...', end=' ')
         sys.stdout.flush()
         exec (cmdstr, frame.f_globals,frame.f_locals)
         print('ok')
diff --git a/numpy/core/records.py b/numpy/core/records.py
index bcc9c73dc..b263adb6a 100644
--- a/numpy/core/records.py
+++ b/numpy/core/records.py
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ class format_parser:
             elif (type(names) == str):
                 names = names.split(',')
             else:
-                raise NameError("illegal input names %s" % `names`)
+                raise NameError("illegal input names %s" % repr(names))
 
             self._names = [n.strip() for n in names[:self._nfields]]
         else:
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ def fromarrays(arrayList, dtype=None, shape=None, formats=None,
                 raise ValueError("item in the array list must be an ndarray.")
             formats += _typestr[obj.dtype.type]
             if issubclass(obj.dtype.type, nt.flexible):
-                formats += `obj.itemsize`
+                formats += repr(obj.itemsize)
             formats += ','
         formats = formats[:-1]
 
diff --git a/numpy/distutils/tests/test_misc_util.py b/numpy/distutils/tests/test_misc_util.py
index fab00aaa3..69968f63f 100644
--- a/numpy/distutils/tests/test_misc_util.py
+++ b/numpy/distutils/tests/test_misc_util.py
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ class TestGpaths(TestCase):
     def test_gpaths(self):
         local_path = minrelpath(join(dirname(__file__),'..'))
         ls = gpaths('command/*.py', local_path)
-        assert_(join(local_path,'command','build_src.py') in ls,`ls`)
+        assert_(join(local_path,'command','build_src.py') in ls,repr(ls))
         f = gpaths('system_info.py', local_path)
-        assert_(join(local_path,'system_info.py')==f[0],`f`)
+        assert_(join(local_path,'system_info.py')==f[0],repr(f))
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/numpy/f2py/auxfuncs.py b/numpy/f2py/auxfuncs.py
index 5af7b04fe..3f0c6a988 100644
--- a/numpy/f2py/auxfuncs.py
+++ b/numpy/f2py/auxfuncs.py
@@ -499,12 +499,12 @@ def getmultilineblock(rout,blockname,comment=1,counter=0):
         r = r[counter]
     if r[:3]=="'''":
         if comment:
-            r = '\t/* start ' + blockname + ' multiline ('+`counter`+') */\n' + r[3:]
+            r = '\t/* start ' + blockname + ' multiline ('+repr(counter)+') */\n' + r[3:]
         else:
             r = r[3:]
         if r[-3:]=="'''":
             if comment:
-                r = r[:-3] + '\n\t/* end multiline ('+`counter`+')*/'
+                r = r[:-3] + '\n\t/* end multiline ('+repr(counter)+')*/'
             else:
                 r = r[:-3]
         else:
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ def applyrules(rules,d,var={}):
                             else: i=''
                         ret[k].append(replace(i,d))
         else:
-            errmess('applyrules: ignoring rule %s.\n'%`rules[k]`)
+            errmess('applyrules: ignoring rule %s.\n'%repr(rules[k]))
         if type(ret[k])==types.ListType:
             if len(ret[k])==1:
                 ret[k]=ret[k][0]
diff --git a/numpy/f2py/capi_maps.py b/numpy/f2py/capi_maps.py
index a7b513ee9..41bca45d2 100644
--- a/numpy/f2py/capi_maps.py
+++ b/numpy/f2py/capi_maps.py
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ def getstrlength(var):
         else:
             errmess('getstrlength: function %s has no return value?!\n'%a)
     if not isstring(var):
-        errmess('getstrlength: expected a signature of a string but got: %s\n'%(`var`))
+        errmess('getstrlength: expected a signature of a string but got: %s\n'%(repr(var)))
     len='1'
     if 'charselector' in var:
         a=var['charselector']
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ def getstrlength(var):
     if re.match(r'\(\s*([*]|[:])\s*\)',len) or re.match(r'([*]|[:])',len):
     #if len in ['(*)','*','(:)',':']:
         if isintent_hide(var):
-            errmess('getstrlength:intent(hide): expected a string with defined length but got: %s\n'%(`var`))
+            errmess('getstrlength:intent(hide): expected a string with defined length but got: %s\n'%(repr(var)))
         len='-1'
     return len
 
@@ -304,11 +304,11 @@ def getarrdims(a,var,verbose=0):
 #             var['dimension'].reverse()
         dim=copy.copy(var['dimension'])
         ret['size']='*'.join(dim)
-        try: ret['size']=`eval(ret['size'])`
+        try: ret['size']=repr(eval(ret['size']))
         except: pass
         ret['dims']=','.join(dim)
-        ret['rank']=`len(dim)`
-        ret['rank*[-1]']=`len(dim)*[-1]`[1:-1]
+        ret['rank']=repr(len(dim))
+        ret['rank*[-1]']=repr(len(dim)*[-1])[1:-1]
         for i in range(len(dim)): # solve dim for dependecies
             v=[]
             if dim[i] in depargs: v=[dim[i]]
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ def getarrdims(a,var,verbose=0):
                         % (d))
                 ret['cbsetdims']='%s#varname#_Dims[%d]=%s,'%(ret['cbsetdims'],i,0)
             elif verbose :
-                errmess('getarrdims: If in call-back function: array argument %s must have bounded dimensions: got %s\n'%(`a`,`d`))
+                errmess('getarrdims: If in call-back function: array argument %s must have bounded dimensions: got %s\n'%(repr(a),repr(d)))
         if ret['cbsetdims']: ret['cbsetdims']=ret['cbsetdims'][:-1]
 #         if not isintent_c(var):
 #             var['dimension'].reverse()
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ def getpydocsign(a,var):
         sigout='%s : string(len=%s)'%(out_a,getstrlength(var))
     elif isarray(var):
         dim=var['dimension']
-        rank=`len(dim)`
+        rank=repr(len(dim))
         sig='%s : %s rank-%s array(\'%s\') with bounds (%s)%s'%(a,opt,rank,
                                              c2pycode_map[ctype],
                                              ','.join(dim), init)
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ def getarrdocsign(a,var):
                                             c2pycode_map[ctype],)
     elif isarray(var):
         dim=var['dimension']
-        rank=`len(dim)`
+        rank=repr(len(dim))
         sig='%s : rank-%s array(\'%s\') with bounds (%s)'%(a,rank,
                                                            c2pycode_map[ctype],
                                                            ','.join(dim))
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ def routsign2map(rout):
             #else:
             #    errmess('routsign2map: cb_map does not contain module "%s" used in "use" statement.\n'%(u))
     elif 'externals' in rout and rout['externals']:
-        errmess('routsign2map: Confused: function %s has externals %s but no "use" statement.\n'%(ret['name'],`rout['externals']`))
+        errmess('routsign2map: Confused: function %s has externals %s but no "use" statement.\n'%(ret['name'],repr(rout['externals'])))
     ret['callprotoargument'] = getcallprotoargument(rout,lcb_map) or ''
     if isfunction(rout):
         if 'result' in rout:
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ def routsign2map(rout):
             ret['rformat']=c2buildvalue_map[ret['ctype']]
         else:
             ret['rformat']='O'
-            errmess('routsign2map: no c2buildvalue key for type %s\n'%(`ret['ctype']`))
+            errmess('routsign2map: no c2buildvalue key for type %s\n'%(repr(ret['ctype'])))
         if debugcapi(rout):
             if ret['ctype'] in cformat_map:
                 ret['routdebugshowvalue']='debug-capi:%s=%s'%(a,cformat_map[ret['ctype']])
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ def routsign2map(rout):
         if isstringfunction(rout):
             ret['rlength']=getstrlength(rout['vars'][a])
             if ret['rlength']=='-1':
-                errmess('routsign2map: expected explicit specification of the length of the string returned by the fortran function %s; taking 10.\n'%(`rout['name']`))
+                errmess('routsign2map: expected explicit specification of the length of the string returned by the fortran function %s; taking 10.\n'%(repr(rout['name'])))
                 ret['rlength']='10'
     if hasnote(rout):
         ret['note']=rout['note']
@@ -744,8 +744,8 @@ void
                 nofargs=nofargs+1
                 if isoptional(var):
                     nofoptargs=nofoptargs+1
-    ret['maxnofargs']=`nofargs`
-    ret['nofoptargs']=`nofoptargs`
+    ret['maxnofargs']=repr(nofargs)
+    ret['nofoptargs']=repr(nofoptargs)
     if hasnote(rout) and isfunction(rout) and 'result' in rout:
         ret['routnote']=rout['note']
         rout['note']=['See elsewhere.']
diff --git a/numpy/f2py/cfuncs.py b/numpy/f2py/cfuncs.py
index a83046aa3..755f4203b 100644
--- a/numpy/f2py/cfuncs.py
+++ b/numpy/f2py/cfuncs.py
@@ -1154,7 +1154,7 @@ def append_needs(need,flag=1):
         elif need in commonhooks:
             n = 'commonhooks'
         else:
-            errmess('append_needs: unknown need %s\n'%(`need`))
+            errmess('append_needs: unknown need %s\n'%(repr(need)))
             return
         if need in outneeds[n]: return
         if flag:
@@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ def append_needs(need,flag=1):
             tmp[n].append(need)
             return tmp
     else:
-        errmess('append_needs: expected list or string but got :%s\n'%(`need`))
+        errmess('append_needs: expected list or string but got :%s\n'%(repr(need)))
 
 def get_needs():
     global outneeds,needs
diff --git a/numpy/f2py/crackfortran.py b/numpy/f2py/crackfortran.py
index 98872516e..52d198738 100755
--- a/numpy/f2py/crackfortran.py
+++ b/numpy/f2py/crackfortran.py
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ def readfortrancode(ffile,dowithline=show,istop=1):
             if strictf77: beginpattern=beginpattern77
             else: beginpattern=beginpattern90
             outmess('\tReading file %s (format:%s%s)\n'\
-                    %(`currentfilename`,sourcecodeform,
+                    %(repr(currentfilename),sourcecodeform,
                       strictf77 and ',strict' or ''))
 
         l=l.expandtabs().replace('\xa0',' ')
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ def readfortrancode(ffile,dowithline=show,istop=1):
             if not (l[0] in spacedigits):
                 raise Exception('readfortrancode: Found non-(space,digit) char '
                                 'in the first column.\n\tAre you sure that '
-                                'this code is in fix form?\n\tline=%s' % `l`)
+                                'this code is in fix form?\n\tline=%s' % repr(l))
 
             if (not cont or strictf77) and (len(l)>5 and not l[5]==' '):
                 # Continuation of a previous line
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ def readfortrancode(ffile,dowithline=show,istop=1):
                 ll=l
             cont=(r is not None)
         else:
-            raise ValueError("Flag sourcecodeform must be either 'fix' or 'free': %s"%`sourcecodeform`)
+            raise ValueError("Flag sourcecodeform must be either 'fix' or 'free': %s"%repr(sourcecodeform))
         filepositiontext='Line #%d in %s:"%s"\n\t' % (fin.filelineno()-1,currentfilename,l1)
         m=includeline.match(origfinalline)
         if m:
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ def readfortrancode(ffile,dowithline=show,istop=1):
                         readfortrancode(fn1,dowithline=dowithline,istop=0)
                         break
                 if not foundfile:
-                    outmess('readfortrancode: could not find include file %s in %s. Ignoring.\n'%(`fn`, os.pathsep.join(include_dirs)))
+                    outmess('readfortrancode: could not find include file %s in %s. Ignoring.\n'%(repr(fn), os.pathsep.join(include_dirs)))
         else:
             dowithline(finalline)
         l1=ll
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ def readfortrancode(ffile,dowithline=show,istop=1):
                     readfortrancode(fn1,dowithline=dowithline,istop=0)
                     break
             if not foundfile:
-                outmess('readfortrancode: could not find include file %s in %s. Ignoring.\n'%(`fn`, os.pathsep.join(include_dirs)))
+                outmess('readfortrancode: could not find include file %s in %s. Ignoring.\n'%(repr(fn), os.pathsep.join(include_dirs)))
     else:
         dowithline(finalline)
     filepositiontext=''
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ def crackline(line,reset=0):
     if ';' in line and not (f2pyenhancementspattern[0].match(line) or
                             multilinepattern[0].match(line)):
         for l in line.split(';'):
-            assert reset==0,`reset` # XXX: non-zero reset values need testing
+            assert reset==0,repr(reset) # XXX: non-zero reset values need testing
             crackline(l,reset)
         return
     if reset<0:
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ def crackline(line,reset=0):
         fl=0
         if f77modulename and neededmodule==groupcounter: fl=2
         while groupcounter>fl:
-            outmess('crackline: groupcounter=%s groupname=%s\n'%(`groupcounter`,`groupname`))
+            outmess('crackline: groupcounter=%s groupname=%s\n'%(repr(groupcounter),repr(groupname)))
             outmess('crackline: Mismatch of blocks encountered. Trying to fix it by assuming "end" statement.\n')
             grouplist[groupcounter-1].append(groupcache[groupcounter])
             grouplist[groupcounter-1][-1]['body']=grouplist[groupcounter]
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ def crackline(line,reset=0):
                     else: line='callfun %s(%s)'%(name,a)
                     m = callfunpattern[0].match(line)
                     if not m:
-                        outmess('crackline: could not resolve function call for line=%s.\n'%`line`)
+                        outmess('crackline: could not resolve function call for line=%s.\n'%repr(line))
                         return
                     analyzeline(m,'callfun',line)
                     return
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ def crackline(line,reset=0):
         if (m1) and (not m1.group('this')==groupname[groupcounter]):
             raise Exception('crackline: End group %s does not match with '
                             'previous Begin group %s\n\t%s' % \
-                            (`m1.group('this')`, `groupname[groupcounter]`,
+                            (repr(m1.group('this')), repr(groupname[groupcounter]),
                              filepositiontext)
                             )
         if skipblocksuntil==groupcounter:
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ def markoutercomma(line,comma=','):
             l=l+'@'+comma+'@'
             continue
         l=l+c
-    assert not f,`f,line,l,cc`
+    assert not f,repr((f,line,l,cc))
     return l
 def unmarkouterparen(line):
     r = line.replace('@(@','(').replace('@)@',')')
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ def analyzeline(m,case,line):
         grouplist[groupcounter]=[]
         if needmodule:
             if verbose>1:
-                outmess('analyzeline: Creating module block %s\n'%`f77modulename`,0)
+                outmess('analyzeline: Creating module block %s\n'%repr(f77modulename),0)
             groupname[groupcounter]='module'
             groupcache[groupcounter]['block']='python module'
             groupcache[groupcounter]['name']=f77modulename
@@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ def analyzeline(m,case,line):
             if args:
                 args=rmbadname([x.strip() for x in markoutercomma(args).split('@,@')])
             else: args=[]
-            assert result is None,`result`
+            assert result is None,repr(result)
             groupcache[groupcounter]['entry'][name] = args
             previous_context = ('entry',name,groupcounter)
     elif case=='type':
@@ -923,7 +923,7 @@ def analyzeline(m,case,line):
                 if case in ['public','private']: k=''
                 else:
                     print(m.groupdict())
-                    outmess('analyzeline: no name pattern found in %s statement for %s. Skipping.\n'%(case,`e`))
+                    outmess('analyzeline: no name pattern found in %s statement for %s. Skipping.\n'%(case,repr(e)))
                     continue
             else:
                 k=rmbadname1(m1.group('name'))
@@ -1151,7 +1151,7 @@ def analyzeline(m,case,line):
                         m2=re.match(r'\A\s*(?P<local>\b[\w]+\b)\s*=\s*>\s*(?P<use>\b[\w]+\b)\s*\Z',l,re.I)
                         if m2: rl[m2.group('local').strip()]=m2.group('use').strip()
                         else:
-                            outmess('analyzeline: Not local=>use pattern found in %s\n'%`l`)
+                            outmess('analyzeline: Not local=>use pattern found in %s\n'%repr(l))
                     else:
                         rl[l]=l
                     groupcache[groupcounter]['use'][name]['map']=rl
@@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@ def updatevars(typespec,selector,attrspec,entitydecl):
     for e in el1:
         m=namepattern.match(e)
         if not m:
-            outmess('updatevars: no name pattern found for entity=%s. Skipping.\n'%(`e`))
+            outmess('updatevars: no name pattern found for entity=%s. Skipping.\n'%(repr(e)))
             continue
         ename=rmbadname1(m.group('name'))
         edecl={}
@@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ def cracktypespec(typespec,selector):
         if typespec in ['complex','integer','logical','real']:
             kindselect=kindselector.match(selector)
             if not kindselect:
-                outmess('cracktypespec: no kindselector pattern found for %s\n'%(`selector`))
+                outmess('cracktypespec: no kindselector pattern found for %s\n'%(repr(selector)))
                 return
             kindselect=kindselect.groupdict()
             kindselect['*']=kindselect['kind2']
@@ -1393,7 +1393,7 @@ def cracktypespec(typespec,selector):
         elif typespec=='character':
             charselect=charselector.match(selector)
             if not charselect:
-                outmess('cracktypespec: no charselector pattern found for %s\n'%(`selector`))
+                outmess('cracktypespec: no charselector pattern found for %s\n'%(repr(selector)))
                 return
             charselect=charselect.groupdict()
             charselect['*']=charselect['charlen']
@@ -1414,9 +1414,9 @@ def cracktypespec(typespec,selector):
         elif typespec=='type':
             typename=re.match(r'\s*\(\s*(?P<name>\w+)\s*\)',selector,re.I)
             if typename: typename=typename.group('name')
-            else: outmess('cracktypespec: no typename found in %s\n'%(`typespec+selector`))
+            else: outmess('cracktypespec: no typename found in %s\n'%(repr(typespec+selector)))
         else:
-            outmess('cracktypespec: no selector used for %s\n'%(`selector`))
+            outmess('cracktypespec: no selector used for %s\n'%(repr(selector)))
     return kindselect,charselect,typename
 ######
 def setattrspec(decl,attr,force=0):
@@ -1511,7 +1511,7 @@ def get_useparameters(block, param_map=None):
         for k,v in list(params.items()):
             if k in param_map:
                 outmess('get_useparameters: overriding parameter %s with'\
-                        ' value from module %s' % (`k`,`usename`))
+                        ' value from module %s' % (repr(k),repr(usename)))
             param_map[k] = v
 
     return param_map
@@ -1750,7 +1750,7 @@ def buildimplicitrules(block):
         if block['implicit'] is None:
             implicitrules=None
             if verbose>1:
-                outmess('buildimplicitrules: no implicit rules for routine %s.\n'%`block['name']`)
+                outmess('buildimplicitrules: no implicit rules for routine %s.\n'%repr(block['name']))
         else:
             for k in list(block['implicit'].keys()):
                 if block['implicit'][k].get('typespec') not in ['static','automatic']:
@@ -1827,12 +1827,12 @@ def getarrlen(dl,args,star='*'):
         if p1==0: d='-(%s)' % (dl[0])
         else: d='%s-(%s)' % (p1,dl[0])
     else: d = '%s-(%s)+1'%(dl[1],dl[0])
-    try: return `myeval(d,{},{})`,None,None
+    try: return repr(myeval(d,{},{})),None,None
     except: pass
     d1,d2=getlincoef(dl[0],args),getlincoef(dl[1],args)
     if None not in [d1[0],d2[0]]:
         if (d1[0],d2[0])==(0,0):
-            return `d2[1]-d1[1]+1`,None,None
+            return repr(d2[1]-d1[1]+1),None,None
         b = d2[1] - d1[1] + 1
         d1 = (d1[0],0,d1[2])
         d2 = (d2[0],b,d2[2])
@@ -1847,7 +1847,7 @@ def getarrlen(dl,args,star='*'):
             else: return '%s * %s'%(-d1[0],d1[2]),d1[2],')/(%s)'%(-d1[0])
         if d1[2]==d2[2] and d1[2] in args:
             a = d2[0] - d1[0]
-            if not a: return `b`,None,None
+            if not a: return repr(b),None,None
             if b<0: return '%s * %s - %s'%(a,d1[2],-b),d2[2],'+%s)/(%s)'%(-b,a)
             elif b: return '%s * %s + %s'%(a,d1[2],b),d2[2],'-%s)/(%s)'%(b,a)
             else: return '%s * %s'%(a,d1[2]),d2[2],')/(%s)'%(a)
@@ -1928,7 +1928,7 @@ def _get_depend_dict(name, vars, deps):
                 if w not in words:
                     words.append(w)
     else:
-        outmess('_get_depend_dict: no dependence info for %s\n' % (`name`))
+        outmess('_get_depend_dict: no dependence info for %s\n' % (repr(name)))
         words = []
     deps[name] = words
     return words
@@ -2039,7 +2039,7 @@ def get_parameters(vars, global_params={}):
             except Exception as msg:
                 params[n] = v
                 #print params
-                outmess('get_parameters: got "%s" on %s\n' % (msg,`v`))
+                outmess('get_parameters: got "%s" on %s\n' % (msg,repr(v)))
             if isstring(vars[n]) and type(params[n]) is type(0):
                 params[n] = chr(params[n])
             nl = n.lower()
@@ -2047,7 +2047,7 @@ def get_parameters(vars, global_params={}):
                 params[nl] = params[n]
         else:
             print(vars[n])
-            outmess('get_parameters:parameter %s does not have value?!\n'%(`n`))
+            outmess('get_parameters:parameter %s does not have value?!\n'%(repr(n)))
     return params
 
 def _eval_length(length,params):
@@ -2124,7 +2124,7 @@ def analyzevars(block):
                             for l in implicitrules[ln0][k]:
                                 vars[n]=setattrspec(vars[n],l)
                 elif n in block['args']:
-                    outmess('analyzevars: typespec of variable %s is not defined in routine %s.\n'%(`n`,block['name']))
+                    outmess('analyzevars: typespec of variable %s is not defined in routine %s.\n'%(repr(n),block['name']))
 
         if 'charselector' in vars[n]:
             if 'len' in vars[n]['charselector']:
@@ -2359,7 +2359,7 @@ def analyzevars(block):
                         if ispure: vars[n]=setattrspec(vars[n],'pure')
                         if isrec: vars[n]=setattrspec(vars[n],'recursive')
                     else:
-                        outmess('analyzevars: prefix (%s) were not used\n'%`block['prefix']`)
+                        outmess('analyzevars: prefix (%s) were not used\n'%repr(block['prefix']))
     if not block['block'] in ['module','pythonmodule','python module','block data']:
         if 'commonvars' in block:
             neededvars=copy.copy(block['args']+block['commonvars'])
@@ -2462,7 +2462,7 @@ def _ensure_exprdict(r):
         return {'typespec':'real'}
     if type(r) is type(0j):
         return {'typespec':'complex'}
-    assert type(r) is type({}),`r`
+    assert type(r) is type({}),repr(r)
     return r
 
 def determineexprtype(expr,vars,rules={}):
@@ -2474,12 +2474,12 @@ def determineexprtype(expr,vars,rules={}):
     m=determineexprtype_re_2.match(expr)
     if m:
         if 'name' in m.groupdict() and m.group('name'):
-            outmess('determineexprtype: selected kind types not supported (%s)\n'%`expr`)
+            outmess('determineexprtype: selected kind types not supported (%s)\n'%repr(expr))
         return {'typespec':'integer'}
     m = determineexprtype_re_3.match(expr)
     if m:
         if 'name' in m.groupdict() and m.group('name'):
-            outmess('determineexprtype: selected kind types not supported (%s)\n'%`expr`)
+            outmess('determineexprtype: selected kind types not supported (%s)\n'%repr(expr))
         return {'typespec':'real'}
     for op in ['+','-','*','/']:
         for e in [x.strip() for x in markoutercomma(expr,comma=op).split('@'+op+'@')]:
@@ -2501,7 +2501,7 @@ def determineexprtype(expr,vars,rules={}):
     if expr[0] in '\'"':
         return {'typespec':'character','charselector':{'*':'*'}}
     if not t:
-        outmess('determineexprtype: could not determine expressions (%s) type.\n'%(`expr`))
+        outmess('determineexprtype: could not determine expressions (%s) type.\n'%(repr(expr)))
     return t
 
 ######
@@ -2796,7 +2796,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         elif l=='-m':
             f3=1
         elif l[0]=='-':
-            errmess('Unknown option %s\n'%`l`)
+            errmess('Unknown option %s\n'%repr(l))
         elif f2:
             f2=0
             pyffilename=l
@@ -2821,7 +2821,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 
     postlist=crackfortran(files,funcs)
     if pyffilename:
-        outmess('Writing fortran code to file %s\n'%`pyffilename`,0)
+        outmess('Writing fortran code to file %s\n'%repr(pyffilename),0)
         pyf=crack2fortran(postlist)
         f=open(pyffilename,'w')
         f.write(pyf)
diff --git a/numpy/f2py/f2py2e.py b/numpy/f2py/f2py2e.py
index 899de4753..7be960ff7 100755
--- a/numpy/f2py/f2py2e.py
+++ b/numpy/f2py/f2py2e.py
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ def scaninputline(inputline):
         elif l[:15] in '--include-paths':
             f7=1
         elif l[0]=='-':
-            errmess('Unknown option %s\n'%`l`)
+            errmess('Unknown option %s\n'%repr(l))
             sys.exit()
         elif f2: f2=0;signsfile=l
         elif f3: f3=0;modulename=l
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ def run_main(comline_list):
         if postlist[i]['block']!='python module':
             if 'python module' not in options:
                 errmess('Tip: If your original code is Fortran source then you must use -m option.\n')
-            raise TypeError('All blocks must be python module blocks but got %s'%(`postlist[i]['block']`))
+            raise TypeError('All blocks must be python module blocks but got %s'%(repr(postlist[i]['block'])))
     auxfuncs.debugoptions=options['debug']
     f90mod_rules.options=options
     auxfuncs.wrapfuncs=options['wrapfuncs']
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ def run_compile():
         for s in del_list:
             i = flib_flags.index(s)
             del flib_flags[i]
-        assert len(flib_flags)<=2,`flib_flags`
+        assert len(flib_flags)<=2,repr(flib_flags)
 
     _reg5 = re.compile(r'[-][-](verbose)')
     setup_flags = [_m for _m in sys.argv[1:] if _reg5.match(_m)]
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ def run_compile():
             i = get_info(n)
             if not i:
                 outmess('No %s resources found in system'\
-                        ' (try `f2py --help-link`)\n' % (`n`))
+                        ' (try `f2py --help-link`)\n' % (repr(n)))
             dict_append(ext_args,**i)
 
     ext = Extension(**ext_args)
diff --git a/numpy/f2py/rules.py b/numpy/f2py/rules.py
index 0165a9e72..250caf55f 100644
--- a/numpy/f2py/rules.py
+++ b/numpy/f2py/rules.py
@@ -1243,7 +1243,7 @@ def buildmodule(m,um):
             elif k in cfuncs.commonhooks:
                 c=cfuncs.commonhooks[k]
             else:
-                errmess('buildmodule: unknown need %s.\n'%(`k`));continue
+                errmess('buildmodule: unknown need %s.\n'%(repr(k)));continue
             code[n].append(c)
     mod_rules.append(code)
     for r in mod_rules:
@@ -1355,10 +1355,10 @@ def buildapi(rout):
             if not isintent_hide(var[a]):
                 if not isoptional(var[a]):
                     nth=nth+1
-                    vrd['nth']=`nth`+stnd[nth%10]+' argument'
+                    vrd['nth']=repr(nth)+stnd[nth%10]+' argument'
                 else:
                     nthk=nthk+1
-                    vrd['nth']=`nthk`+stnd[nthk%10]+' keyword'
+                    vrd['nth']=repr(nthk)+stnd[nthk%10]+' keyword'
             else: vrd['nth']='hidden'
         savevrd[a]=vrd
         for r in _rules:
diff --git a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_array_from_pyobj.py b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_array_from_pyobj.py
index 773dd75a1..0621855f3 100644
--- a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_array_from_pyobj.py
+++ b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_array_from_pyobj.py
@@ -179,14 +179,14 @@ class Array(object):
         # arr.dtypechar may be different from typ.dtypechar
         self.arr = wrap.call(typ.type_num,dims,intent.flags,obj)
 
-        assert_(isinstance(self.arr, ndarray),`type(self.arr)`)
+        assert_(isinstance(self.arr, ndarray),repr(type(self.arr)))
 
         self.arr_attr = wrap.array_attrs(self.arr)
 
         if len(dims)>1:
             if self.intent.is_intent('c'):
                 assert_(intent.flags & wrap.F2PY_INTENT_C)
-                assert_(not self.arr.flags['FORTRAN'],`self.arr.flags,getattr(obj,'flags',None)`)
+                assert_(not self.arr.flags['FORTRAN'],repr((self.arr.flags,getattr(obj,'flags',None))))
                 assert_(self.arr.flags['CONTIGUOUS'])
                 assert_(not self.arr_attr[6] & wrap.FORTRAN)
             else:
@@ -201,14 +201,14 @@ class Array(object):
             return
 
         if intent.is_intent('cache'):
-            assert_(isinstance(obj,ndarray),`type(obj)`)
+            assert_(isinstance(obj,ndarray),repr(type(obj)))
             self.pyarr = array(obj).reshape(*dims).copy()
         else:
             self.pyarr = array(array(obj,
                                      dtype = typ.dtypechar).reshape(*dims),
                                order=self.intent.is_intent('c') and 'C' or 'F')
             assert_(self.pyarr.dtype == typ, \
-                   `self.pyarr.dtype,typ`)
+                   repr((self.pyarr.dtype,typ)))
         assert_(self.pyarr.flags['OWNDATA'], (obj, intent))
         self.pyarr_attr = wrap.array_attrs(self.pyarr)
 
@@ -227,18 +227,18 @@ class Array(object):
         assert_(self.arr_attr[2]==self.pyarr_attr[2]) # dimensions
         if self.arr_attr[1]<=1:
             assert_(self.arr_attr[3]==self.pyarr_attr[3],\
-                   `self.arr_attr[3],self.pyarr_attr[3],self.arr.tostring(),self.pyarr.tostring()`) # strides
+                   repr((self.arr_attr[3],self.pyarr_attr[3],self.arr.tostring(),self.pyarr.tostring()))) # strides
         assert_(self.arr_attr[5][-2:]==self.pyarr_attr[5][-2:],\
-               `self.arr_attr[5],self.pyarr_attr[5]`) # descr
+               repr((self.arr_attr[5],self.pyarr_attr[5]))) # descr
         assert_(self.arr_attr[6]==self.pyarr_attr[6],\
-               `self.arr_attr[6],self.pyarr_attr[6],flags2names(0*self.arr_attr[6]-self.pyarr_attr[6]),flags2names(self.arr_attr[6]),intent`) # flags
+               repr((self.arr_attr[6],self.pyarr_attr[6],flags2names(0*self.arr_attr[6]-self.pyarr_attr[6]),flags2names(self.arr_attr[6]),intent))) # flags
 
         if intent.is_intent('cache'):
             assert_(self.arr_attr[5][3]>=self.type.elsize,\
-                   `self.arr_attr[5][3],self.type.elsize`)
+                   repr((self.arr_attr[5][3],self.type.elsize)))
         else:
             assert_(self.arr_attr[5][3]==self.type.elsize,\
-                   `self.arr_attr[5][3],self.type.elsize`)
+                   repr((self.arr_attr[5][3],self.type.elsize)))
         assert_(self.arr_equal(self.pyarr,self.arr))
 
         if isinstance(self.obj,ndarray):
@@ -288,9 +288,9 @@ class _test_shared_memory:
             obj = array(self.num2seq,dtype=t.dtype)
             a = self.array([len(self.num2seq)],intent.in_,obj)
             if t.elsize==self.type.elsize:
-                assert_(a.has_shared_memory(),`self.type.dtype,t.dtype`)
+                assert_(a.has_shared_memory(),repr((self.type.dtype,t.dtype)))
             else:
-                assert_(not a.has_shared_memory(),`t.dtype`)
+                assert_(not a.has_shared_memory(),repr(t.dtype))
 
     def test_inout_2seq(self):
         obj = array(self.num2seq,dtype=self.type.dtype)
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ class _test_shared_memory:
         for t in self.type.cast_types():
             obj = array(self.num2seq,dtype=t.dtype)
             a = self.array([len(self.num2seq)],intent.in_.copy,obj)
-            assert_(not a.has_shared_memory(),`t.dtype`)
+            assert_(not a.has_shared_memory(),repr(t.dtype))
 
     def test_c_in_from_23seq(self):
         a = self.array([len(self.num23seq),len(self.num23seq[0])],
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ class _test_shared_memory:
             obj = array(self.num23seq,dtype=t.dtype)
             a = self.array([len(self.num23seq),len(self.num23seq[0])],
                            intent.in_,obj)
-            assert_(not a.has_shared_memory(),`t.dtype`)
+            assert_(not a.has_shared_memory(),repr(t.dtype))
 
     def test_f_in_from_23casttype(self):
         for t in self.type.cast_types():
@@ -351,9 +351,9 @@ class _test_shared_memory:
             a = self.array([len(self.num23seq),len(self.num23seq[0])],
                            intent.in_,obj)
             if t.elsize==self.type.elsize:
-                assert_(a.has_shared_memory(),`t.dtype`)
+                assert_(a.has_shared_memory(),repr(t.dtype))
             else:
-                assert_(not a.has_shared_memory(),`t.dtype`)
+                assert_(not a.has_shared_memory(),repr(t.dtype))
 
     def test_c_in_from_23casttype(self):
         for t in self.type.cast_types():
@@ -361,23 +361,23 @@ class _test_shared_memory:
             a = self.array([len(self.num23seq),len(self.num23seq[0])],
                            intent.in_.c,obj)
             if t.elsize==self.type.elsize:
-                assert_(a.has_shared_memory(),`t.dtype`)
+                assert_(a.has_shared_memory(),repr(t.dtype))
             else:
-                assert_(not a.has_shared_memory(),`t.dtype`)
+                assert_(not a.has_shared_memory(),repr(t.dtype))
 
     def test_f_copy_in_from_23casttype(self):
         for t in self.type.cast_types():
             obj = array(self.num23seq,dtype=t.dtype,order='F')
             a = self.array([len(self.num23seq),len(self.num23seq[0])],
                            intent.in_.copy,obj)
-            assert_(not a.has_shared_memory(),`t.dtype`)
+            assert_(not a.has_shared_memory(),repr(t.dtype))
 
     def test_c_copy_in_from_23casttype(self):
         for t in self.type.cast_types():
             obj = array(self.num23seq,dtype=t.dtype)
             a = self.array([len(self.num23seq),len(self.num23seq[0])],
                            intent.in_.c.copy,obj)
-            assert_(not a.has_shared_memory(),`t.dtype`)
+            assert_(not a.has_shared_memory(),repr(t.dtype))
 
     def test_in_cache_from_2casttype(self):
         for t in self.type.all_types():
@@ -386,17 +386,17 @@ class _test_shared_memory:
             obj = array(self.num2seq,dtype=t.dtype)
             shape = (len(self.num2seq),)
             a = self.array(shape,intent.in_.c.cache,obj)
-            assert_(a.has_shared_memory(),`t.dtype`)
+            assert_(a.has_shared_memory(),repr(t.dtype))
 
             a = self.array(shape,intent.in_.cache,obj)
-            assert_(a.has_shared_memory(),`t.dtype`)
+            assert_(a.has_shared_memory(),repr(t.dtype))
 
             obj = array(self.num2seq,dtype=t.dtype,order='F')
             a = self.array(shape,intent.in_.c.cache,obj)
-            assert_(a.has_shared_memory(),`t.dtype`)
+            assert_(a.has_shared_memory(),repr(t.dtype))
 
             a = self.array(shape,intent.in_.cache,obj)
-            assert_(a.has_shared_memory(),`t.dtype`)
+            assert_(a.has_shared_memory(),repr(t.dtype))
 
             try:
                 a = self.array(shape,intent.in_.cache,obj[::-1])
@@ -505,9 +505,9 @@ class _test_shared_memory:
         assert_(not obj.flags['FORTRAN'] and obj.flags['CONTIGUOUS'])
         shape = obj.shape
         a = self.array(shape,intent.inplace,obj)
-        assert_(obj[1][2]==a.arr[1][2],`obj,a.arr`)
+        assert_(obj[1][2]==a.arr[1][2],repr((obj,a.arr)))
         a.arr[1][2]=54
-        assert_(obj[1][2]==a.arr[1][2]==array(54,dtype=self.type.dtype),`obj,a.arr`)
+        assert_(obj[1][2]==a.arr[1][2]==array(54,dtype=self.type.dtype),repr((obj,a.arr)))
         assert_(a.arr is obj)
         assert_(obj.flags['FORTRAN']) # obj attributes are changed inplace!
         assert_(not obj.flags['CONTIGUOUS'])
@@ -522,9 +522,9 @@ class _test_shared_memory:
             assert_(not obj.flags['FORTRAN'] and obj.flags['CONTIGUOUS'])
             shape = obj.shape
             a = self.array(shape,intent.inplace,obj)
-            assert_(obj[1][2]==a.arr[1][2],`obj,a.arr`)
+            assert_(obj[1][2]==a.arr[1][2],repr((obj,a.arr)))
             a.arr[1][2]=54
-            assert_(obj[1][2]==a.arr[1][2]==array(54,dtype=self.type.dtype),`obj,a.arr`)
+            assert_(obj[1][2]==a.arr[1][2]==array(54,dtype=self.type.dtype),repr((obj,a.arr)))
             assert_(a.arr is obj)
             assert_(obj.flags['FORTRAN']) # obj attributes are changed inplace!
             assert_(not obj.flags['CONTIGUOUS'])
diff --git a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_assumed_shape.py b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_assumed_shape.py
index f3a840272..6c0ea9ebd 100644
--- a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_assumed_shape.py
+++ b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_assumed_shape.py
@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@ class TestAssumedShapeSumExample(util.F2PyTest):
     @dec.slow
     def test_all(self):
         r = self.module.fsum([1,2])
-        assert_(r==3,`r`)
+        assert_(r==3,repr(r))
         r = self.module.sum([1,2])
-        assert_(r==3,`r`)
+        assert_(r==3,repr(r))
         r = self.module.sum_with_use([1,2])
-        assert_(r==3,`r`)
+        assert_(r==3,repr(r))
 
         r = self.module.mod.sum([1,2])
-        assert_(r==3,`r`)
+        assert_(r==3,repr(r))
         r = self.module.mod.fsum([1,2])
-        assert_(r==3,`r`)
+        assert_(r==3,repr(r))
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import nose
diff --git a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_callback.py b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_callback.py
index 6ae473ac7..7a7e8bc11 100644
--- a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_callback.py
+++ b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_callback.py
@@ -74,24 +74,24 @@ cf2py  intent(out) a
     def check_function(self, name):
         t = getattr(self.module, name)
         r = t(lambda : 4)
-        assert_( r==4,`r`)
+        assert_( r==4,repr(r))
         r = t(lambda a:5,fun_extra_args=(6,))
-        assert_( r==5,`r`)
+        assert_( r==5,repr(r))
         r = t(lambda a:a,fun_extra_args=(6,))
-        assert_( r==6,`r`)
+        assert_( r==6,repr(r))
         r = t(lambda a:5+a,fun_extra_args=(7,))
-        assert_( r==12,`r`)
+        assert_( r==12,repr(r))
         r = t(lambda a:math.degrees(a),fun_extra_args=(math.pi,))
-        assert_( r==180,`r`)
+        assert_( r==180,repr(r))
         r = t(math.degrees,fun_extra_args=(math.pi,))
-        assert_( r==180,`r`)
+        assert_( r==180,repr(r))
 
         r = t(self.module.func, fun_extra_args=(6,))
-        assert_( r==17,`r`)
+        assert_( r==17,repr(r))
         r = t(self.module.func0)
-        assert_( r==11,`r`)
+        assert_( r==11,repr(r))
         r = t(self.module.func0._cpointer)
-        assert_( r==11,`r`)
+        assert_( r==11,repr(r))
         class A(object):
             def __call__(self):
                 return 7
@@ -99,9 +99,9 @@ cf2py  intent(out) a
                 return 9
         a = A()
         r = t(a)
-        assert_( r==7,`r`)
+        assert_( r==7,repr(r))
         r = t(a.mth)
-        assert_( r==9,`r`)
+        assert_( r==9,repr(r))
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import nose
diff --git a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_character.py b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_character.py
index 97378959f..213730008 100644
--- a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_character.py
+++ b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_character.py
@@ -10,17 +10,17 @@ class TestReturnCharacter(util.F2PyTest):
         tname = t.__doc__.split()[0]
         if tname in ['t0','t1','s0','s1']:
             assert_( t(23)==asbytes('2'))
-            r = t('ab');assert_( r==asbytes('a'),`r`)
-            r = t(array('ab'));assert_( r==asbytes('a'),`r`)
-            r = t(array(77,'u1'));assert_( r==asbytes('M'),`r`)
+            r = t('ab');assert_( r==asbytes('a'),repr(r))
+            r = t(array('ab'));assert_( r==asbytes('a'),repr(r))
+            r = t(array(77,'u1'));assert_( r==asbytes('M'),repr(r))
             #assert_(_raises(ValueError, t, array([77,87])))
             #assert_(_raises(ValueError, t, array(77)))
         elif tname in ['ts','ss']:
-            assert_( t(23)==asbytes('23        '),`t(23)`)
+            assert_( t(23)==asbytes('23        '),repr(t(23)))
             assert_( t('123456789abcdef')==asbytes('123456789a'))
         elif tname in ['t5','s5']:
-            assert_( t(23)==asbytes('23   '),`t(23)`)
-            assert_( t('ab')==asbytes('ab   '),`t('ab')`)
+            assert_( t(23)==asbytes('23   '),repr(t(23)))
+            assert_( t('ab')==asbytes('ab   '),repr(t('ab')))
             assert_( t('123456789abcdef')==asbytes('12345'))
         else:
             raise NotImplementedError
diff --git a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_complex.py b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_complex.py
index 14bf8f6ad..afbe2a4f2 100644
--- a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_complex.py
+++ b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_complex.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class TestReturnComplex(util.F2PyTest):
 
         try:
             r = t(10l**400)
-            assert_( `r` in ['(inf+0j)','(Infinity+0j)'],`r`)
+            assert_( repr(r) in ['(inf+0j)','(Infinity+0j)'],repr(r))
         except OverflowError:
             pass
 
diff --git a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_integer.py b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_integer.py
index 77d26dcc7..81ad4960b 100644
--- a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_integer.py
+++ b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_integer.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import util
 
 class TestReturnInteger(util.F2PyTest):
     def check_function(self, t):
-        assert_( t(123)==123,`t(123)`)
+        assert_( t(123)==123,repr(t(123)))
         assert_( t(123.6)==123)
         assert_( t(123l)==123)
         assert_( t('123')==123)
diff --git a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_logical.py b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_logical.py
index 42a502806..43764a558 100644
--- a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_logical.py
+++ b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_logical.py
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import util
 
 class TestReturnLogical(util.F2PyTest):
     def check_function(self, t):
-        assert_( t(True)==1,`t(True)`)
-        assert_( t(False)==0,`t(False)`)
+        assert_( t(True)==1,repr(t(True)))
+        assert_( t(False)==0,repr(t(False)))
         assert_( t(0)==0)
         assert_( t(None)==0)
         assert_( t(0.0)==0)
diff --git a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_real.py b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_real.py
index dfa4d68c9..e741e9581 100644
--- a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_real.py
+++ b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_real.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class TestReturnReal(util.F2PyTest):
 
         try:
             r = t(10l**400)
-            assert_( `r` in ['inf','Infinity'],`r`)
+            assert_( repr(r) in ['inf','Infinity'],repr(r))
         except OverflowError:
             pass
 
diff --git a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_size.py b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_size.py
index 75398060b..6cc508a19 100644
--- a/numpy/f2py/tests/test_size.py
+++ b/numpy/f2py/tests/test_size.py
@@ -18,29 +18,29 @@ class TestSizeSumExample(util.F2PyTest):
     @dec.slow
     def test_all(self):
         r = self.module.foo([[1,2]])
-        assert_equal(r, [3],`r`)
+        assert_equal(r, [3],repr(r))
 
         r = self.module.foo([[1,2],[3,4]])
-        assert_equal(r, [3,7],`r`)
+        assert_equal(r, [3,7],repr(r))
 
         r = self.module.foo([[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]])
-        assert_equal(r, [3,7,11],`r`)
+        assert_equal(r, [3,7,11],repr(r))
 
     @dec.slow
     def test_transpose(self):
         r = self.module.trans([[1,2]])
-        assert_equal(r, [[1],[2]],`r`)
+        assert_equal(r, [[1],[2]],repr(r))
 
         r = self.module.trans([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
-        assert_equal(r, [[1,4],[2,5],[3,6]],`r`)
+        assert_equal(r, [[1,4],[2,5],[3,6]],repr(r))
 
     @dec.slow
     def test_flatten(self):
         r = self.module.flatten([[1,2]])
-        assert_equal(r, [1,2],`r`)
+        assert_equal(r, [1,2],repr(r))
 
         r = self.module.flatten([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
-        assert_equal(r, [1,2,3,4,5,6],`r`)
+        assert_equal(r, [1,2,3,4,5,6],repr(r))
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import nose
diff --git a/numpy/f2py/use_rules.py b/numpy/f2py/use_rules.py
index fc3843126..9a8054617 100644
--- a/numpy/f2py/use_rules.py
+++ b/numpy/f2py/use_rules.py
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def buildusevar(name,realname,vars,usemodulename):
     nummap={0:'Ro',1:'Ri',2:'Rii',3:'Riii',4:'Riv',5:'Rv',6:'Rvi',7:'Rvii',8:'Rviii',9:'Rix'}
     vrd['texnamename']=name
     for i in nummap.keys():
-        vrd['texnamename']=vrd['texnamename'].replace(`i`,nummap[i])
+        vrd['texnamename']=vrd['texnamename'].replace(repr(i),nummap[i])
     if hasnote(vars[realname]): vrd['note']=vars[realname]['note']
     rd=dictappend({},vrd)
     var=vars[realname]
diff --git a/numpy/ma/mrecords.py b/numpy/ma/mrecords.py
index 942b4fe81..72df5065e 100644
--- a/numpy/ma/mrecords.py
+++ b/numpy/ma/mrecords.py
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def _getformats(data):
         obj = np.asarray(obj)
         formats += _typestr[obj.dtype.type]
         if issubclass(obj.dtype.type, ntypes.flexible):
-            formats += `obj.itemsize`
+            formats += repr(obj.itemsize)
         formats += ','
     return formats[:-1]
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ If the argument `names` is not None, updates the field names to valid names.
         elif isinstance(names, str):
             new_names = names.split(',')
         else:
-            raise NameError("illegal input names %s" % `names`)
+            raise NameError("illegal input names %s" % repr(names))
         nnames = len(new_names)
         if nnames < ndescr:
             new_names += default_names[nnames:]
diff --git a/numpy/testing/utils.py b/numpy/testing/utils.py
index 234311689..cf35802ae 100644
--- a/numpy/testing/utils.py
+++ b/numpy/testing/utils.py
@@ -919,9 +919,9 @@ def assert_string_equal(actual, desired):
     import difflib
 
     if not isinstance(actual, str) :
-        raise AssertionError(`type(actual)`)
+        raise AssertionError(repr(type(actual)))
     if not isinstance(desired, str):
-        raise AssertionError(`type(desired)`)
+        raise AssertionError(repr(type(desired)))
     if re.match(r'\A'+desired+r'\Z', actual, re.M): return
     diff = list(difflib.Differ().compare(actual.splitlines(1), desired.splitlines(1)))
     diff_list = []
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ def assert_string_equal(actual, desired):
                 l.append(d2)
                 d2 = diff.pop(0)
             if not d2.startswith('+ ') :
-                raise AssertionError(`d2`)
+                raise AssertionError(repr(d2))
             l.append(d2)
             d3 = diff.pop(0)
             if d3.startswith('? '):
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ def assert_string_equal(actual, desired):
                 continue
             diff_list.extend(l)
             continue
-        raise AssertionError(`d1`)
+        raise AssertionError(repr(d1))
     if not diff_list:
         return
     msg = 'Differences in strings:\n%s' % (''.join(diff_list)).rstrip()
diff --git a/tools/py3tool.py b/tools/py3tool.py
index cf688d55b..7ac7fcb71 100755
--- a/tools/py3tool.py
+++ b/tools/py3tool.py
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ FIXES_TO_SKIP = [
     'imports2',
     'print',
     'dict',
+    'repr',
 ]
 
 skip_fixes= []