STY: Use the PEP 604 pipe operator over `Optional` and `Union`

PEP 604 -- Allow writing union types as X | Y

4 files changed, 84 insertions, 86 deletions

diff --git a/numpy/typing/__init__.py b/numpy/typing/__init__.py
index f27e6ff1a..04d34f0c7 100644
--- a/numpy/typing/__init__.py
+++ b/numpy/typing/__init__.py
@@ -212,14 +212,14 @@ class NBitBase:
     .. code-block:: python
 
         >>> from __future__ import annotations
-        >>> from typing import TypeVar, Union, TYPE_CHECKING
+        >>> from typing import TypeVar, TYPE_CHECKING
         >>> import numpy as np
         >>> import numpy.typing as npt
 
         >>> T1 = TypeVar("T1", bound=npt.NBitBase)
         >>> T2 = TypeVar("T2", bound=npt.NBitBase)
 
-        >>> def add(a: np.floating[T1], b: np.integer[T2]) -> np.floating[Union[T1, T2]]:
+        >>> def add(a: np.floating[T1], b: np.integer[T2]) -> np.floating[T1 | T2]:
         ...     return a + b
 
         >>> a = np.float16()
diff --git a/numpy/typing/_callable.py b/numpy/typing/_callable.py
index 84fc2adb9..54f9b1425 100644
--- a/numpy/typing/_callable.py
+++ b/numpy/typing/_callable.py
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING or _HAS_TYPING_EXTENSIONS:
 
     class _BoolTrueDiv(Protocol):
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: Union[float, _IntLike_co]) -> float64: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: float | _IntLike_co) -> float64: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(self, __other: complex) -> complex128: ...
         @overload
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING or _HAS_TYPING_EXTENSIONS:
         @overload  # platform dependent
         def __call__(self, __other: int) -> _2Tuple[int_]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> _2Tuple[floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble]]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> _2Tuple[floating[_NBit1 | _NBitDouble]]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(self, __other: _IntType) -> _2Tuple[_IntType]: ...
         @overload
@@ -144,15 +144,15 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING or _HAS_TYPING_EXTENSIONS:
         @overload
         def __call__(self, __other: bool) -> floating[_NBit1]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitInt]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> floating[_NBit1 | _NBitInt]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> floating[_NBit1 | _NBitDouble]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
             self, __other: complex
-        ) -> complexfloating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble], Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble]]: ...
+        ) -> complexfloating[_NBit1 | _NBitDouble, _NBit1 | _NBitDouble]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: integer[_NBit2]) -> floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBit2]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: integer[_NBit2]) -> floating[_NBit1 | _NBit2]: ...
 
     class _UnsignedIntOp(Protocol[_NBit1]):
         # NOTE: `uint64 + signedinteger -> float64`
@@ -160,18 +160,18 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING or _HAS_TYPING_EXTENSIONS:
         def __call__(self, __other: bool) -> unsignedinteger[_NBit1]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
-            self, __other: Union[int, signedinteger[Any]]
+            self, __other: int | signedinteger[Any]
         ) -> Any: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> floating[_NBit1 | _NBitDouble]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
             self, __other: complex
-        ) -> complexfloating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble], Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble]]: ...
+        ) -> complexfloating[_NBit1 | _NBitDouble, _NBit1 | _NBitDouble]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
             self, __other: unsignedinteger[_NBit2]
-        ) -> unsignedinteger[Union[_NBit1, _NBit2]]: ...
+        ) -> unsignedinteger[_NBit1 | _NBit2]: ...
 
     class _UnsignedIntBitOp(Protocol[_NBit1]):
         @overload
@@ -183,135 +183,135 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING or _HAS_TYPING_EXTENSIONS:
         @overload
         def __call__(
             self, __other: unsignedinteger[_NBit2]
-        ) -> unsignedinteger[Union[_NBit1, _NBit2]]: ...
+        ) -> unsignedinteger[_NBit1 | _NBit2]: ...
 
     class _UnsignedIntMod(Protocol[_NBit1]):
         @overload
         def __call__(self, __other: bool) -> unsignedinteger[_NBit1]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
-            self, __other: Union[int, signedinteger[Any]]
+            self, __other: int | signedinteger[Any]
         ) -> Any: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> floating[_NBit1 | _NBitDouble]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
             self, __other: unsignedinteger[_NBit2]
-        ) -> unsignedinteger[Union[_NBit1, _NBit2]]: ...
+        ) -> unsignedinteger[_NBit1 | _NBit2]: ...
 
     class _UnsignedIntDivMod(Protocol[_NBit1]):
         @overload
         def __call__(self, __other: bool) -> _2Tuple[signedinteger[_NBit1]]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
-            self, __other: Union[int, signedinteger[Any]]
+            self, __other: int | signedinteger[Any]
         ) -> _2Tuple[Any]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> _2Tuple[floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble]]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> _2Tuple[floating[_NBit1 | _NBitDouble]]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
             self, __other: unsignedinteger[_NBit2]
-        ) -> _2Tuple[unsignedinteger[Union[_NBit1, _NBit2]]]: ...
+        ) -> _2Tuple[unsignedinteger[_NBit1 | _NBit2]]: ...
 
     class _SignedIntOp(Protocol[_NBit1]):
         @overload
         def __call__(self, __other: bool) -> signedinteger[_NBit1]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> signedinteger[Union[_NBit1, _NBitInt]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> signedinteger[_NBit1 | _NBitInt]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> floating[_NBit1 | _NBitDouble]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
             self, __other: complex
-        ) -> complexfloating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble], Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble]]: ...
+        ) -> complexfloating[_NBit1 | _NBitDouble, _NBit1 | _NBitDouble]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
             self, __other: signedinteger[_NBit2]
-        ) -> signedinteger[Union[_NBit1, _NBit2]]: ...
+        ) -> signedinteger[_NBit1 | _NBit2]: ...
 
     class _SignedIntBitOp(Protocol[_NBit1]):
         @overload
         def __call__(self, __other: bool) -> signedinteger[_NBit1]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> signedinteger[Union[_NBit1, _NBitInt]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> signedinteger[_NBit1 | _NBitInt]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
             self, __other: signedinteger[_NBit2]
-        ) -> signedinteger[Union[_NBit1, _NBit2]]: ...
+        ) -> signedinteger[_NBit1 | _NBit2]: ...
 
     class _SignedIntMod(Protocol[_NBit1]):
         @overload
         def __call__(self, __other: bool) -> signedinteger[_NBit1]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> signedinteger[Union[_NBit1, _NBitInt]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> signedinteger[_NBit1 | _NBitInt]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> floating[_NBit1 | _NBitDouble]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
             self, __other: signedinteger[_NBit2]
-        ) -> signedinteger[Union[_NBit1, _NBit2]]: ...
+        ) -> signedinteger[_NBit1 | _NBit2]: ...
 
     class _SignedIntDivMod(Protocol[_NBit1]):
         @overload
         def __call__(self, __other: bool) -> _2Tuple[signedinteger[_NBit1]]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> _2Tuple[signedinteger[Union[_NBit1, _NBitInt]]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> _2Tuple[signedinteger[_NBit1 | _NBitInt]]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> _2Tuple[floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble]]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> _2Tuple[floating[_NBit1 | _NBitDouble]]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
             self, __other: signedinteger[_NBit2]
-        ) -> _2Tuple[signedinteger[Union[_NBit1, _NBit2]]]: ...
+        ) -> _2Tuple[signedinteger[_NBit1 | _NBit2]]: ...
 
     class _FloatOp(Protocol[_NBit1]):
         @overload
         def __call__(self, __other: bool) -> floating[_NBit1]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitInt]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> floating[_NBit1 | _NBitInt]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> floating[_NBit1 | _NBitDouble]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
             self, __other: complex
-        ) -> complexfloating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble], Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble]]: ...
+        ) -> complexfloating[_NBit1 | _NBitDouble, _NBit1 | _NBitDouble]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
-            self, __other: Union[integer[_NBit2], floating[_NBit2]]
-        ) -> floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBit2]]: ...
+            self, __other: integer[_NBit2] | floating[_NBit2]
+        ) -> floating[_NBit1 | _NBit2]: ...
 
     class _FloatMod(Protocol[_NBit1]):
         @overload
         def __call__(self, __other: bool) -> floating[_NBit1]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitInt]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> floating[_NBit1 | _NBitInt]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> floating[_NBit1 | _NBitDouble]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
-            self, __other: Union[integer[_NBit2], floating[_NBit2]]
-        ) -> floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBit2]]: ...
+            self, __other: integer[_NBit2] | floating[_NBit2]
+        ) -> floating[_NBit1 | _NBit2]: ...
 
     class _FloatDivMod(Protocol[_NBit1]):
         @overload
         def __call__(self, __other: bool) -> _2Tuple[floating[_NBit1]]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> _2Tuple[floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitInt]]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> _2Tuple[floating[_NBit1 | _NBitInt]]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> _2Tuple[floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble]]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: float) -> _2Tuple[floating[_NBit1 | _NBitDouble]]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
-            self, __other: Union[integer[_NBit2], floating[_NBit2]]
-        ) -> _2Tuple[floating[Union[_NBit1, _NBit2]]]: ...
+            self, __other: integer[_NBit2] | floating[_NBit2]
+        ) -> _2Tuple[floating[_NBit1 | _NBit2]]: ...
 
     class _ComplexOp(Protocol[_NBit1]):
         @overload
         def __call__(self, __other: bool) -> complexfloating[_NBit1, _NBit1]: ...
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> complexfloating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitInt], Union[_NBit1, _NBitInt]]: ...
+        def __call__(self, __other: int) -> complexfloating[_NBit1 | _NBitInt, _NBit1 | _NBitInt]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
-            self, __other: Union[float, complex]
-        ) -> complexfloating[Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble], Union[_NBit1, _NBitDouble]]: ...
+            self, __other: complex
+        ) -> complexfloating[_NBit1 | _NBitDouble, _NBit1 | _NBitDouble]: ...
         @overload
         def __call__(
             self,
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING or _HAS_TYPING_EXTENSIONS:
                 floating[_NBit2],
                 complexfloating[_NBit2, _NBit2],
             ]
-        ) -> complexfloating[Union[_NBit1, _NBit2], Union[_NBit1, _NBit2]]: ...
+        ) -> complexfloating[_NBit1 | _NBit2, _NBit1 | _NBit2]: ...
 
     class _NumberOp(Protocol):
         def __call__(self, __other: _NumberLike_co) -> Any: ...
diff --git a/numpy/typing/_ufunc.pyi b/numpy/typing/_ufunc.pyi
index b3b9fa95e..f4fead504 100644
--- a/numpy/typing/_ufunc.pyi
+++ b/numpy/typing/_ufunc.pyi
@@ -11,11 +11,9 @@ from typing import (
     Any,
     Generic,
     List,
-    Optional,
     overload,
     Tuple,
     TypeVar,
-    Union,
 )
 
 from numpy import ufunc, _Casting, _OrderKACF
@@ -82,26 +80,26 @@ class _UFunc_Nin1_Nout1(ufunc, Generic[_NameType, _NTypes, _IDType]):
         __x1: _ScalarLike_co,
         out: None = ...,
         *,
-        where: Optional[_ArrayLikeBool_co] = ...,
+        where: None | _ArrayLikeBool_co = ...,
         casting: _Casting = ...,
         order: _OrderKACF = ...,
         dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
         subok: bool = ...,
-        signature: Union[str, _2Tuple[Optional[str]]] = ...,
+        signature: str | _2Tuple[None | str] = ...,
         extobj: List[Any] = ...,
     ) -> Any: ...
     @overload
     def __call__(
         self,
         __x1: ArrayLike,
-        out: Union[None, NDArray[Any], Tuple[NDArray[Any]]] = ...,
+        out: None | NDArray[Any] | Tuple[NDArray[Any]] = ...,
         *,
-        where: Optional[_ArrayLikeBool_co] = ...,
+        where: None | _ArrayLikeBool_co = ...,
         casting: _Casting = ...,
         order: _OrderKACF = ...,
         dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
         subok: bool = ...,
-        signature: Union[str, _2Tuple[Optional[str]]] = ...,
+        signature: str | _2Tuple[None | str] = ...,
         extobj: List[Any] = ...,
     ) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
 
@@ -134,12 +132,12 @@ class _UFunc_Nin2_Nout1(ufunc, Generic[_NameType, _NTypes, _IDType]):
         __x2: _ScalarLike_co,
         out: None = ...,
         *,
-        where: Optional[_ArrayLikeBool_co] = ...,
+        where: None | _ArrayLikeBool_co = ...,
         casting: _Casting = ...,
         order: _OrderKACF = ...,
         dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
         subok: bool = ...,
-        signature: Union[str, _3Tuple[Optional[str]]] = ...,
+        signature: str | _3Tuple[None | str] = ...,
         extobj: List[Any] = ...,
     ) -> Any: ...
     @overload
@@ -147,14 +145,14 @@ class _UFunc_Nin2_Nout1(ufunc, Generic[_NameType, _NTypes, _IDType]):
         self,
         __x1: ArrayLike,
         __x2: ArrayLike,
-        out: Union[None, NDArray[Any], Tuple[NDArray[Any]]] = ...,
+        out: None | NDArray[Any] | Tuple[NDArray[Any]] = ...,
         *,
-        where: Optional[_ArrayLikeBool_co] = ...,
+        where: None | _ArrayLikeBool_co = ...,
         casting: _Casting = ...,
         order: _OrderKACF = ...,
         dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
         subok: bool = ...,
-        signature: Union[str, _3Tuple[Optional[str]]] = ...,
+        signature: str | _3Tuple[None | str] = ...,
         extobj: List[Any] = ...,
     ) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
 
@@ -168,9 +166,9 @@ class _UFunc_Nin2_Nout1(ufunc, Generic[_NameType, _NTypes, _IDType]):
     def reduce(
         self,
         array: ArrayLike,
-        axis: Optional[_ShapeLike] = ...,
+        axis: None | _ShapeLike = ...,
         dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
-        out: Optional[NDArray[Any]] = ...,
+        out: None | NDArray[Any] = ...,
         keepdims: bool = ...,
         initial: Any = ...,
         where: _ArrayLikeBool_co = ...,
@@ -181,7 +179,7 @@ class _UFunc_Nin2_Nout1(ufunc, Generic[_NameType, _NTypes, _IDType]):
         array: ArrayLike,
         axis: SupportsIndex = ...,
         dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
-        out: Optional[NDArray[Any]] = ...,
+        out: None | NDArray[Any] = ...,
     ) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
 
     def reduceat(
@@ -190,7 +188,7 @@ class _UFunc_Nin2_Nout1(ufunc, Generic[_NameType, _NTypes, _IDType]):
         indices: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
         axis: SupportsIndex = ...,
         dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
-        out: Optional[NDArray[Any]] = ...,
+        out: None | NDArray[Any] = ...,
     ) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
 
     # Expand `**kwargs` into explicit keyword-only arguments
@@ -201,12 +199,12 @@ class _UFunc_Nin2_Nout1(ufunc, Generic[_NameType, _NTypes, _IDType]):
         __B: _ScalarLike_co,
         *,
         out: None = ...,
-        where: Optional[_ArrayLikeBool_co] = ...,
+        where: None | _ArrayLikeBool_co = ...,
         casting: _Casting = ...,
         order: _OrderKACF = ...,
         dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
         subok: bool = ...,
-        signature: Union[str, _3Tuple[Optional[str]]] = ...,
+        signature: str | _3Tuple[None | str] = ...,
         extobj: List[Any] = ...,
     ) -> Any: ...
     @overload
@@ -215,13 +213,13 @@ class _UFunc_Nin2_Nout1(ufunc, Generic[_NameType, _NTypes, _IDType]):
         __A: ArrayLike,
         __B: ArrayLike,
         *,
-        out: Union[None, NDArray[Any], Tuple[NDArray[Any]]] = ...,
-        where: Optional[_ArrayLikeBool_co] = ...,
+        out: None | NDArray[Any] | Tuple[NDArray[Any]] = ...,
+        where: None | _ArrayLikeBool_co = ...,
         casting: _Casting = ...,
         order: _OrderKACF = ...,
         dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
         subok: bool = ...,
-        signature: Union[str, _3Tuple[Optional[str]]] = ...,
+        signature: str | _3Tuple[None | str] = ...,
         extobj: List[Any] = ...,
     ) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
 
@@ -258,28 +256,28 @@ class _UFunc_Nin1_Nout2(ufunc, Generic[_NameType, _NTypes, _IDType]):
         __out1: None = ...,
         __out2: None = ...,
         *,
-        where: Optional[_ArrayLikeBool_co] = ...,
+        where: None | _ArrayLikeBool_co = ...,
         casting: _Casting = ...,
         order: _OrderKACF = ...,
         dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
         subok: bool = ...,
-        signature: Union[str, _3Tuple[Optional[str]]] = ...,
+        signature: str | _3Tuple[None | str] = ...,
         extobj: List[Any] = ...,
     ) -> _2Tuple[Any]: ...
     @overload
     def __call__(
         self,
         __x1: ArrayLike,
-        __out1: Optional[NDArray[Any]] = ...,
-        __out2: Optional[NDArray[Any]] = ...,
+        __out1: None | NDArray[Any] = ...,
+        __out2: None | NDArray[Any] = ...,
         *,
         out: _2Tuple[NDArray[Any]] = ...,
-        where: Optional[_ArrayLikeBool_co] = ...,
+        where: None | _ArrayLikeBool_co = ...,
         casting: _Casting = ...,
         order: _OrderKACF = ...,
         dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
         subok: bool = ...,
-        signature: Union[str, _3Tuple[Optional[str]]] = ...,
+        signature: str | _3Tuple[None | str] = ...,
         extobj: List[Any] = ...,
     ) -> _2Tuple[NDArray[Any]]: ...
 
@@ -317,12 +315,12 @@ class _UFunc_Nin2_Nout2(ufunc, Generic[_NameType, _NTypes, _IDType]):
         __out1: None = ...,
         __out2: None = ...,
         *,
-        where: Optional[_ArrayLikeBool_co] = ...,
+        where: None | _ArrayLikeBool_co = ...,
         casting: _Casting = ...,
         order: _OrderKACF = ...,
         dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
         subok: bool = ...,
-        signature: Union[str, _4Tuple[Optional[str]]] = ...,
+        signature: str | _4Tuple[None | str] = ...,
         extobj: List[Any] = ...,
     ) -> _2Tuple[Any]: ...
     @overload
@@ -330,16 +328,16 @@ class _UFunc_Nin2_Nout2(ufunc, Generic[_NameType, _NTypes, _IDType]):
         self,
         __x1: ArrayLike,
         __x2: ArrayLike,
-        __out1: Optional[NDArray[Any]] = ...,
-        __out2: Optional[NDArray[Any]] = ...,
+        __out1: None | NDArray[Any] = ...,
+        __out2: None | NDArray[Any] = ...,
         *,
         out: _2Tuple[NDArray[Any]] = ...,
-        where: Optional[_ArrayLikeBool_co] = ...,
+        where: None | _ArrayLikeBool_co = ...,
         casting: _Casting = ...,
         order: _OrderKACF = ...,
         dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
         subok: bool = ...,
-        signature: Union[str, _4Tuple[Optional[str]]] = ...,
+        signature: str | _4Tuple[None | str] = ...,
         extobj: List[Any] = ...,
     ) -> _2Tuple[NDArray[Any]]: ...
 
@@ -384,7 +382,7 @@ class _GUFunc_Nin2_Nout1(ufunc, Generic[_NameType, _NTypes, _IDType]):
         order: _OrderKACF = ...,
         dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
         subok: bool = ...,
-        signature: Union[str, _3Tuple[Optional[str]]] = ...,
+        signature: str | _3Tuple[None | str] = ...,
         extobj: List[Any] = ...,
         axes: List[_2Tuple[SupportsIndex]] = ...,
     ) -> Any: ...
@@ -393,13 +391,13 @@ class _GUFunc_Nin2_Nout1(ufunc, Generic[_NameType, _NTypes, _IDType]):
         self,
         __x1: ArrayLike,
         __x2: ArrayLike,
-        out: Union[NDArray[Any], Tuple[NDArray[Any]]],
+        out: NDArray[Any] | Tuple[NDArray[Any]],
         *,
         casting: _Casting = ...,
         order: _OrderKACF = ...,
         dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
         subok: bool = ...,
-        signature: Union[str, _3Tuple[Optional[str]]] = ...,
+        signature: str | _3Tuple[None | str] = ...,
         extobj: List[Any] = ...,
         axes: List[_2Tuple[SupportsIndex]] = ...,
     ) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
diff --git a/numpy/typing/mypy_plugin.py b/numpy/typing/mypy_plugin.py
index 901bf4fb1..100e0d957 100644
--- a/numpy/typing/mypy_plugin.py
+++ b/numpy/typing/mypy_plugin.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ try:
     from mypy.build import PRI_MED
 
     _HookFunc = t.Callable[[AnalyzeTypeContext], Type]
-    MYPY_EX: t.Optional[ModuleNotFoundError] = None
+    MYPY_EX: None | ModuleNotFoundError = None
 except ModuleNotFoundError as ex:
     MYPY_EX = ex
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ if t.TYPE_CHECKING or MYPY_EX is None:
     class _NumpyPlugin(Plugin):
         """A plugin for assigning platform-specific `numpy.number` precisions."""
 
-        def get_type_analyze_hook(self, fullname: str) -> t.Optional[_HookFunc]:
+        def get_type_analyze_hook(self, fullname: str) -> None | _HookFunc:
             """Set the precision of platform-specific `numpy.number` subclasses.
 
             For example: `numpy.int_`, `numpy.longlong` and `numpy.longdouble`.