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+# (c) 2005 Clark C. Evans
+# This module is part of the Python Paste Project and is released under
+# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
+# This code was written with funding by http://prometheusresearch.com
+"""
+CAS 1.0 Authentication
+
+The Central Authentication System is a straight-forward single sign-on
+mechanism developed by Yale University's ITS department. It has since
+enjoyed widespread success and is deployed at many major universities
+and some corporations.
+
+ https://clearinghouse.ja-sig.org/wiki/display/CAS/Home
+ http://www.yale.edu/tp/auth/usingcasatyale.html
+
+This implementation has the goal of maintaining current path arguments
+passed to the system so that it can be used as middleware at any stage
+of processing. It has the secondary goal of allowing for other
+authentication methods to be used concurrently.
+"""
+from six.moves.urllib.parse import urlencode
+from paste.request import construct_url
+from paste.httpexceptions import HTTPSeeOther, HTTPForbidden
+
+class CASLoginFailure(HTTPForbidden):
+ """ The exception raised if the authority returns 'no' """
+
+class CASAuthenticate(HTTPSeeOther):
+ """ The exception raised to authenticate the user """
+
+def AuthCASHandler(application, authority):
+ """
+ middleware to implement CAS 1.0 authentication
+
+ There are several possible outcomes:
+
+ 0. If the REMOTE_USER environment variable is already populated;
+ then this middleware is a no-op, and the request is passed along
+ to the application.
+
+ 1. If a query argument 'ticket' is found, then an attempt to
+ validate said ticket /w the authentication service done. If the
+ ticket is not validated; an 403 'Forbidden' exception is raised.
+ Otherwise, the REMOTE_USER variable is set with the NetID that
+ was validated and AUTH_TYPE is set to "cas".
+
+ 2. Otherwise, a 303 'See Other' is returned to the client directing
+ them to login using the CAS service. After logon, the service
+ will send them back to this same URL, only with a 'ticket' query
+ argument.
+
+ Parameters:
+
+ ``authority``
+
+ This is a fully-qualified URL to a CAS 1.0 service. The URL
+ should end with a '/' and have the 'login' and 'validate'
+ sub-paths as described in the CAS 1.0 documentation.
+
+ """
+ assert authority.endswith("/") and authority.startswith("http")
+ def cas_application(environ, start_response):
+ username = environ.get('REMOTE_USER','')
+ if username:
+ return application(environ, start_response)
+ qs = environ.get('QUERY_STRING','').split("&")
+ if qs and qs[-1].startswith("ticket="):
+ # assume a response from the authority
+ ticket = qs.pop().split("=", 1)[1]
+ environ['QUERY_STRING'] = "&".join(qs)
+ service = construct_url(environ)
+ args = urlencode(
+ {'service': service,'ticket': ticket})
+ requrl = authority + "validate?" + args
+ result = urlopen(requrl).read().split("\n")
+ if 'yes' == result[0]:
+ environ['REMOTE_USER'] = result[1]
+ environ['AUTH_TYPE'] = 'cas'
+ return application(environ, start_response)
+ exce = CASLoginFailure()
+ else:
+ service = construct_url(environ)
+ args = urlencode({'service': service})
+ location = authority + "login?" + args
+ exce = CASAuthenticate(location)
+ return exce.wsgi_application(environ, start_response)
+ return cas_application
+
+middleware = AuthCASHandler
+
+__all__ = ['CASLoginFailure', 'CASAuthenticate', 'AuthCASHandler' ]
+
+if '__main__' == __name__:
+ authority = "https://secure.its.yale.edu/cas/servlet/"
+ from paste.wsgilib import dump_environ
+ from paste.httpserver import serve
+ from paste.httpexceptions import *
+ serve(HTTPExceptionHandler(
+ AuthCASHandler(dump_environ, authority)))