refactor to a src folder

10 files changed, 1251 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/paste/__init__.py b/src/paste/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdb6121
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/paste/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# (c) 2005 Ian Bicking and contributors; written for Paste (http://pythonpaste.org)
+# Licensed under the MIT license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
+try:
+    import pkg_resources
+    pkg_resources.declare_namespace(__name__)
+except ImportError:
+    # don't prevent use of paste if pkg_resources isn't installed
+    from pkgutil import extend_path
+    __path__ = extend_path(__path__, __name__) 
+
+try:
+    import modulefinder
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+else:
+    for p in __path__:
+        modulefinder.AddPackagePath(__name__, p)
+
diff --git a/src/paste/deploy/__init__.py b/src/paste/deploy/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94c63a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/paste/deploy/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# (c) 2005 Ian Bicking and contributors; written for Paste (http://pythonpaste.org)
+# Licensed under the MIT license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
+from paste.deploy.loadwsgi import *
diff --git a/src/paste/deploy/config.py b/src/paste/deploy/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f448350
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/paste/deploy/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+# (c) 2005 Ian Bicking and contributors; written for Paste (http://pythonpaste.org)
+# Licensed under the MIT license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
+"""Paste Configuration Middleware and Objects"""
+import threading
+import re
+
+# Loaded lazily
+wsgilib = None
+local = None
+
+__all__ = ['DispatchingConfig', 'CONFIG', 'ConfigMiddleware', 'PrefixMiddleware']
+
+
+def local_dict():
+    global config_local, local
+    try:
+        return config_local.wsgi_dict
+    except NameError:
+        config_local = threading.local()
+        config_local.wsgi_dict = result = {}
+        return result
+    except AttributeError:
+        config_local.wsgi_dict = result = {}
+        return result
+
+
+class DispatchingConfig:
+
+    """
+    This is a configuration object that can be used globally,
+    imported, have references held onto.  The configuration may differ
+    by thread (or may not).
+
+    Specific configurations are registered (and deregistered) either
+    for the process or for threads.
+    """
+
+    # @@: What should happen when someone tries to add this
+    # configuration to itself?  Probably the conf should become
+    # resolved, and get rid of this delegation wrapper
+
+    _constructor_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._constructor_lock.acquire()
+        try:
+            self.dispatching_id = 0
+            while 1:
+                self._local_key = 'paste.processconfig_%i' % self.dispatching_id
+                if not self._local_key in local_dict():
+                    break
+                self.dispatching_id += 1
+        finally:
+            self._constructor_lock.release()
+        self._process_configs = []
+
+    def push_thread_config(self, conf):
+        """
+        Make ``conf`` the active configuration for this thread.
+        Thread-local configuration always overrides process-wide
+        configuration.
+
+        This should be used like::
+
+            conf = make_conf()
+            dispatching_config.push_thread_config(conf)
+            try:
+                ... do stuff ...
+            finally:
+                dispatching_config.pop_thread_config(conf)
+        """
+        local_dict().setdefault(self._local_key, []).append(conf)
+
+    def pop_thread_config(self, conf=None):
+        """
+        Remove a thread-local configuration.  If ``conf`` is given,
+        it is checked against the popped configuration and an error
+        is emitted if they don't match.
+        """
+        self._pop_from(local_dict()[self._local_key], conf)
+
+    def _pop_from(self, lst, conf):
+        popped = lst.pop()
+        if conf is not None and popped is not conf:
+            raise AssertionError(
+                "The config popped (%s) is not the same as the config "
+                "expected (%s)"
+                % (popped, conf))
+
+    def push_process_config(self, conf):
+        """
+        Like push_thread_config, but applies the configuration to
+        the entire process.
+        """
+        self._process_configs.append(conf)
+
+    def pop_process_config(self, conf=None):
+        self._pop_from(self._process_configs, conf)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        conf = self.current_conf()
+        if conf is None:
+            raise AttributeError(
+                "No configuration has been registered for this process "
+                "or thread")
+        return getattr(conf, attr)
+
+    def current_conf(self):
+        thread_configs = local_dict().get(self._local_key)
+        if thread_configs:
+            return thread_configs[-1]
+        elif self._process_configs:
+            return self._process_configs[-1]
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        # I thought __getattr__ would catch this, but apparently not
+        conf = self.current_conf()
+        if conf is None:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "No configuration has been registered for this process "
+                "or thread")
+        return conf[key]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        # I thought __getattr__ would catch this, but apparently not
+        return key in self
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        # I thought __getattr__ would catch this, but apparently not
+        conf = self.current_conf()
+        conf[key] = value
+
+CONFIG = DispatchingConfig()
+
+
+class ConfigMiddleware:
+
+    """
+    A WSGI middleware that adds a ``paste.config`` key to the request
+    environment, as well as registering the configuration temporarily
+    (for the length of the request) with ``paste.CONFIG``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, application, config):
+        """
+        This delegates all requests to `application`, adding a *copy*
+        of the configuration `config`.
+        """
+        self.application = application
+        self.config = config
+
+    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
+        global wsgilib
+        if wsgilib is None:
+            import pkg_resources
+            pkg_resources.require('Paste')
+            from paste import wsgilib
+        popped_config = None
+        if 'paste.config' in environ:
+            popped_config = environ['paste.config']
+        conf = environ['paste.config'] = self.config.copy()
+        app_iter = None
+        CONFIG.push_thread_config(conf)
+        try:
+            app_iter = self.application(environ, start_response)
+        finally:
+            if app_iter is None:
+                # An error occurred...
+                CONFIG.pop_thread_config(conf)
+                if popped_config is not None:
+                    environ['paste.config'] = popped_config
+        if type(app_iter) in (list, tuple):
+            # Because it is a concrete iterator (not a generator) we
+            # know the configuration for this thread is no longer
+            # needed:
+            CONFIG.pop_thread_config(conf)
+            if popped_config is not None:
+                environ['paste.config'] = popped_config
+            return app_iter
+        else:
+            def close_config():
+                CONFIG.pop_thread_config(conf)
+            new_app_iter = wsgilib.add_close(app_iter, close_config)
+            return new_app_iter
+
+
+def make_config_filter(app, global_conf, **local_conf):
+    conf = global_conf.copy()
+    conf.update(local_conf)
+    return ConfigMiddleware(app, conf)
+
+make_config_middleware = ConfigMiddleware.__doc__
+
+
+class PrefixMiddleware:
+    """Translate a given prefix into a SCRIPT_NAME for the filtered
+    application.
+
+    PrefixMiddleware provides a way to manually override the root prefix
+    (SCRIPT_NAME) of your application for certain, rare situations.
+
+    When running an application under a prefix (such as '/james') in
+    FastCGI/apache, the SCRIPT_NAME environment variable is automatically
+    set to to the appropriate value: '/james'. Pylons' URL generating
+    functions, such as url_for, always take the SCRIPT_NAME value into account.
+
+    One situation where PrefixMiddleware is required is when an application
+    is accessed via a reverse proxy with a prefix. The application is accessed
+    through the reverse proxy via the the URL prefix '/james', whereas the
+    reverse proxy forwards those requests to the application at the prefix '/'.
+
+    The reverse proxy, being an entirely separate web server, has no way of
+    specifying the SCRIPT_NAME variable; it must be manually set by a
+    PrefixMiddleware instance. Without setting SCRIPT_NAME, url_for will
+    generate URLs such as: '/purchase_orders/1', when it should be
+    generating: '/james/purchase_orders/1'.
+
+    To filter your application through a PrefixMiddleware instance, add the
+    following to the '[app:main]' section of your .ini file:
+
+    .. code-block:: ini
+
+        filter-with = proxy-prefix
+
+        [filter:proxy-prefix]
+        use = egg:PasteDeploy#prefix
+        prefix = /james
+
+    The name ``proxy-prefix`` simply acts as an identifier of the filter
+    section; feel free to rename it.
+
+    Also, unless disabled, the ``X-Forwarded-Server`` header will be
+    translated to the ``Host`` header, for cases when that header is
+    lost in the proxying.  Also ``X-Forwarded-Host``,
+    ``X-Forwarded-Scheme``, and ``X-Forwarded-Proto`` are translated.
+
+    If ``force_port`` is set, SERVER_PORT and HTTP_HOST will be
+    rewritten with the given port.  You can use a number, string (like
+    '80') or the empty string (whatever is the default port for the
+    scheme).  This is useful in situations where there is port
+    forwarding going on, and the server believes itself to be on a
+    different port than what the outside world sees.
+
+    You can also use ``scheme`` to explicitly set the scheme (like
+    ``scheme = https``).
+    """
+    def __init__(self, app, global_conf=None, prefix='/',
+                 translate_forwarded_server=True,
+                 force_port=None, scheme=None):
+        self.app = app
+        self.prefix = prefix.rstrip('/')
+        self.translate_forwarded_server = translate_forwarded_server
+        self.regprefix = re.compile("^%s(.*)$" % self.prefix)
+        self.force_port = force_port
+        self.scheme = scheme
+
+    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
+        url = environ['PATH_INFO']
+        url = re.sub(self.regprefix, r'\1', url)
+        if not url:
+            url = '/'
+        environ['PATH_INFO'] = url
+        environ['SCRIPT_NAME'] = self.prefix
+        if self.translate_forwarded_server:
+            if 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SERVER' in environ:
+                environ['SERVER_NAME'] = environ['HTTP_HOST'] = environ.pop('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SERVER').split(',')[0]
+            if 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST' in environ:
+                environ['HTTP_HOST'] = environ.pop('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST').split(',')[0]
+            if 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR' in environ:
+                environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] = environ.pop('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR').split(',')[0]
+            if 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SCHEME' in environ:
+                environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] = environ.pop('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SCHEME')
+            elif 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO' in environ:
+                environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] = environ.pop('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO')
+        if self.force_port is not None:
+            host = environ.get('HTTP_HOST', '').split(':', 1)[0]
+            if self.force_port:
+                host = f'{host}:{self.force_port}'
+                environ['SERVER_PORT'] = str(self.force_port)
+            else:
+                if environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] == 'http':
+                    port = '80'
+                else:
+                    port = '443'
+                environ['SERVER_PORT'] = port
+            environ['HTTP_HOST'] = host
+        if self.scheme is not None:
+            environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] = self.scheme
+        return self.app(environ, start_response)
+
+
+def make_prefix_middleware(
+    app, global_conf, prefix='/',
+    translate_forwarded_server=True,
+    force_port=None, scheme=None):
+    from paste.deploy.converters import asbool
+    translate_forwarded_server = asbool(translate_forwarded_server)
+    return PrefixMiddleware(
+        app, prefix=prefix,
+        translate_forwarded_server=translate_forwarded_server,
+        force_port=force_port, scheme=scheme)
+
+make_prefix_middleware.__doc__ = PrefixMiddleware.__doc__
diff --git a/src/paste/deploy/converters.py b/src/paste/deploy/converters.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30a3290
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/paste/deploy/converters.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# (c) 2005 Ian Bicking and contributors; written for Paste (http://pythonpaste.org)
+# Licensed under the MIT license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
+truthy = frozenset(['true', 'yes', 'on', 'y', 't', '1'])
+falsy = frozenset(['false', 'no', 'off', 'n', 'f', '0'])
+
+
+def asbool(obj):
+    if isinstance(obj, str):
+        obj = obj.strip().lower()
+        if obj in truthy:
+            return True
+        elif obj in falsy:
+            return False
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("String is not true/false: %r" % obj)
+    return bool(obj)
+
+
+def asint(obj):
+    try:
+        return int(obj)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        raise ValueError("Bad integer value: %r" % obj)
+
+
+def aslist(obj, sep=None, strip=True):
+    if isinstance(obj, str):
+        lst = obj.split(sep)
+        if strip:
+            lst = [v.strip() for v in lst]
+        return lst
+    elif isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
+        return obj
+    elif obj is None:
+        return []
+    else:
+        return [obj]
diff --git a/src/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py b/src/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5471e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,713 @@
+# (c) 2005 Ian Bicking and contributors; written for Paste (http://pythonpaste.org)
+# Licensed under the MIT license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
+from configparser import ConfigParser
+import os
+import pkg_resources
+import re
+import sys
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+
+from paste.deploy.util import fix_call, lookup_object
+
+__all__ = ['loadapp', 'loadserver', 'loadfilter', 'appconfig']
+
+
+############################################################
+## Utility functions
+############################################################
+
+
+def import_string(s):
+    ep = pkg_resources.EntryPoint.parse("x=" + s)
+    if hasattr(ep, 'resolve'):
+        # this is available on setuptools >= 10.2
+        return ep.resolve()
+    else:
+        # this causes a DeprecationWarning on setuptools >= 11.3
+        return ep.load(False)
+
+
+def _aslist(obj):
+    """
+    Turn object into a list; lists and tuples are left as-is, None
+    becomes [], and everything else turns into a one-element list.
+    """
+    if obj is None:
+        return []
+    elif isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
+        return obj
+    else:
+        return [obj]
+
+
+def _flatten(lst):
+    """
+    Flatten a nested list.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(lst, (list, tuple)):
+        return [lst]
+    result = []
+    for item in lst:
+        result.extend(_flatten(item))
+    return result
+
+
+class NicerConfigParser(ConfigParser):
+
+    def __init__(self, filename, *args, **kw):
+        ConfigParser.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
+        self.filename = filename
+        self._interpolation = self.InterpolateWrapper(self._interpolation)
+
+    def defaults(self):
+        """Return the defaults, with their values interpolated (with the
+        defaults dict itself)
+
+        Mainly to support defaults using values such as %(here)s
+        """
+        defaults = ConfigParser.defaults(self).copy()
+        for key, val in defaults.items():
+            defaults[key] = self.get('DEFAULT', key) or val
+        return defaults
+
+    class InterpolateWrapper:
+        def __init__(self, original):
+            self._original = original
+
+        def __getattr__(self, name):
+            return getattr(self._original, name)
+
+        def before_get(self, parser, section, option, value, defaults):
+            try:
+                return self._original.before_get(parser, section, option,
+                                                 value, defaults)
+            except Exception:
+                e = sys.exc_info()[1]
+                args = list(e.args)
+                args[0] = f'Error in file {parser.filename}: {e}'
+                e.args = tuple(args)
+                e.message = args[0]
+                raise
+
+
+############################################################
+## Object types
+############################################################
+
+
+class _ObjectType:
+
+    name = None
+    egg_protocols = None
+    config_prefixes = None
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        # Normalize these variables:
+        self.egg_protocols = [_aslist(p) for p in _aslist(self.egg_protocols)]
+        self.config_prefixes = [_aslist(p) for p in _aslist(self.config_prefixes)]
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<{} protocols={!r} prefixes={!r}>'.format(
+            self.name, self.egg_protocols, self.config_prefixes)
+
+    def invoke(self, context):
+        assert context.protocol in _flatten(self.egg_protocols)
+        return fix_call(context.object,
+                        context.global_conf, **context.local_conf)
+
+
+class _App(_ObjectType):
+
+    name = 'application'
+    egg_protocols = ['paste.app_factory', 'paste.composite_factory',
+                     'paste.composit_factory']
+    config_prefixes = [['app', 'application'], ['composite', 'composit'],
+                       'pipeline', 'filter-app']
+
+    def invoke(self, context):
+        if context.protocol in ('paste.composit_factory',
+                                'paste.composite_factory'):
+            return fix_call(context.object,
+                            context.loader, context.global_conf,
+                            **context.local_conf)
+        elif context.protocol == 'paste.app_factory':
+            return fix_call(context.object, context.global_conf, **context.local_conf)
+        else:
+            assert 0, "Protocol %r unknown" % context.protocol
+
+APP = _App()
+
+
+class _Filter(_ObjectType):
+    name = 'filter'
+    egg_protocols = [['paste.filter_factory', 'paste.filter_app_factory']]
+    config_prefixes = ['filter']
+
+    def invoke(self, context):
+        if context.protocol == 'paste.filter_factory':
+            return fix_call(context.object,
+                            context.global_conf, **context.local_conf)
+        elif context.protocol == 'paste.filter_app_factory':
+            def filter_wrapper(wsgi_app):
+                # This should be an object, so it has a nicer __repr__
+                return fix_call(context.object,
+                                wsgi_app, context.global_conf,
+                                **context.local_conf)
+            return filter_wrapper
+        else:
+            assert 0, "Protocol %r unknown" % context.protocol
+
+FILTER = _Filter()
+
+
+class _Server(_ObjectType):
+    name = 'server'
+    egg_protocols = [['paste.server_factory', 'paste.server_runner']]
+    config_prefixes = ['server']
+
+    def invoke(self, context):
+        if context.protocol == 'paste.server_factory':
+            return fix_call(context.object,
+                            context.global_conf, **context.local_conf)
+        elif context.protocol == 'paste.server_runner':
+            def server_wrapper(wsgi_app):
+                # This should be an object, so it has a nicer __repr__
+                return fix_call(context.object,
+                                wsgi_app, context.global_conf,
+                                **context.local_conf)
+            return server_wrapper
+        else:
+            assert 0, "Protocol %r unknown" % context.protocol
+
+SERVER = _Server()
+
+
+# Virtual type: (@@: There's clearly something crufty here;
+# this probably could be more elegant)
+class _PipeLine(_ObjectType):
+    name = 'pipeline'
+
+    def invoke(self, context):
+        app = context.app_context.create()
+        filters = [c.create() for c in context.filter_contexts]
+        filters.reverse()
+        for filter in filters:
+            app = filter(app)
+        return app
+
+PIPELINE = _PipeLine()
+
+
+class _FilterApp(_ObjectType):
+    name = 'filter_app'
+
+    def invoke(self, context):
+        next_app = context.next_context.create()
+        filter = context.filter_context.create()
+        return filter(next_app)
+
+FILTER_APP = _FilterApp()
+
+
+class _FilterWith(_App):
+    name = 'filtered_with'
+
+    def invoke(self, context):
+        filter = context.filter_context.create()
+        filtered = context.next_context.create()
+        if context.next_context.object_type is APP:
+            return filter(filtered)
+        else:
+            # filtering a filter
+            def composed(app):
+                return filter(filtered(app))
+            return composed
+
+FILTER_WITH = _FilterWith()
+
+
+############################################################
+## Loaders
+############################################################
+
+
+def loadapp(uri, name=None, **kw):
+    return loadobj(APP, uri, name=name, **kw)
+
+
+def loadfilter(uri, name=None, **kw):
+    return loadobj(FILTER, uri, name=name, **kw)
+
+
+def loadserver(uri, name=None, **kw):
+    return loadobj(SERVER, uri, name=name, **kw)
+
+
+def appconfig(uri, name=None, relative_to=None, global_conf=None):
+    context = loadcontext(APP, uri, name=name,
+                          relative_to=relative_to,
+                          global_conf=global_conf)
+    return context.config()
+
+_loaders = {}
+
+
+def loadobj(object_type, uri, name=None, relative_to=None,
+            global_conf=None):
+    context = loadcontext(
+        object_type, uri, name=name, relative_to=relative_to,
+        global_conf=global_conf)
+    return context.create()
+
+
+def loadcontext(object_type, uri, name=None, relative_to=None,
+                global_conf=None):
+    if '#' in uri:
+        if name is None:
+            uri, name = uri.split('#', 1)
+        else:
+            # @@: Ignore fragment or error?
+            uri = uri.split('#', 1)[0]
+    if name is None:
+        name = 'main'
+    if ':' not in uri:
+        raise LookupError("URI has no scheme: %r" % uri)
+    scheme, path = uri.split(':', 1)
+    scheme = scheme.lower()
+    if scheme not in _loaders:
+        raise LookupError(
+            "URI scheme not known: %r (from %s)"
+            % (scheme, ', '.join(_loaders.keys())))
+    return _loaders[scheme](
+        object_type,
+        uri, path, name=name, relative_to=relative_to,
+        global_conf=global_conf)
+
+
+def _loadconfig(object_type, uri, path, name, relative_to,
+                global_conf):
+    isabs = os.path.isabs(path)
+    # De-Windowsify the paths:
+    path = path.replace('\\', '/')
+    if not isabs:
+        if not relative_to:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot resolve relative uri %r; no relative_to keyword "
+                "argument given" % uri)
+        relative_to = relative_to.replace('\\', '/')
+        if relative_to.endswith('/'):
+            path = relative_to + path
+        else:
+            path = relative_to + '/' + path
+    if path.startswith('///'):
+        path = path[2:]
+    path = unquote(path)
+    loader = ConfigLoader(path)
+    if global_conf:
+        loader.update_defaults(global_conf, overwrite=False)
+    return loader.get_context(object_type, name, global_conf)
+
+_loaders['config'] = _loadconfig
+
+
+def _loadegg(object_type, uri, spec, name, relative_to,
+             global_conf):
+    loader = EggLoader(spec)
+    return loader.get_context(object_type, name, global_conf)
+
+_loaders['egg'] = _loadegg
+
+
+def _loadfunc(object_type, uri, spec, name, relative_to,
+             global_conf):
+
+    loader = FuncLoader(spec)
+    return loader.get_context(object_type, name, global_conf)
+
+_loaders['call'] = _loadfunc
+
+############################################################
+## Loaders
+############################################################
+
+
+class _Loader:
+
+    def get_app(self, name=None, global_conf=None):
+        return self.app_context(
+            name=name, global_conf=global_conf).create()
+
+    def get_filter(self, name=None, global_conf=None):
+        return self.filter_context(
+            name=name, global_conf=global_conf).create()
+
+    def get_server(self, name=None, global_conf=None):
+        return self.server_context(
+            name=name, global_conf=global_conf).create()
+
+    def app_context(self, name=None, global_conf=None):
+        return self.get_context(
+            APP, name=name, global_conf=global_conf)
+
+    def filter_context(self, name=None, global_conf=None):
+        return self.get_context(
+            FILTER, name=name, global_conf=global_conf)
+
+    def server_context(self, name=None, global_conf=None):
+        return self.get_context(
+            SERVER, name=name, global_conf=global_conf)
+
+    _absolute_re = re.compile(r'^[a-zA-Z]+:')
+
+    def absolute_name(self, name):
+        """
+        Returns true if the name includes a scheme
+        """
+        if name is None:
+            return False
+        return self._absolute_re.search(name)
+
+
+class ConfigLoader(_Loader):
+
+    def __init__(self, filename):
+        self.filename = filename = filename.strip()
+        defaults = {
+            'here': os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(filename)),
+            '__file__': os.path.abspath(filename)
+            }
+        self.parser = NicerConfigParser(filename, defaults=defaults)
+        self.parser.optionxform = str  # Don't lower-case keys
+        with open(filename) as f:
+            self.parser.read_file(f)
+
+    def update_defaults(self, new_defaults, overwrite=True):
+        for key, value in new_defaults.items():
+            if not overwrite and key in self.parser._defaults:
+                continue
+            self.parser._defaults[key] = value
+
+    def get_context(self, object_type, name=None, global_conf=None):
+        if self.absolute_name(name):
+            return loadcontext(object_type, name,
+                               relative_to=os.path.dirname(self.filename),
+                               global_conf=global_conf)
+        section = self.find_config_section(
+            object_type, name=name)
+        defaults = self.parser.defaults()
+        _global_conf = defaults.copy()
+        if global_conf is not None:
+            _global_conf.update(global_conf)
+        global_conf = _global_conf
+        local_conf = {}
+        global_additions = {}
+        get_from_globals = {}
+        for option in self.parser.options(section):
+            if option.startswith('set '):
+                name = option[4:].strip()
+                global_additions[name] = global_conf[name] = (
+                    self.parser.get(section, option))
+            elif option.startswith('get '):
+                name = option[4:].strip()
+                get_from_globals[name] = self.parser.get(section, option)
+            else:
+                if option in defaults:
+                    # @@: It's a global option (?), so skip it
+                    continue
+                local_conf[option] = self.parser.get(section, option)
+        for local_var, glob_var in get_from_globals.items():
+            local_conf[local_var] = global_conf[glob_var]
+        if object_type in (APP, FILTER) and 'filter-with' in local_conf:
+            filter_with = local_conf.pop('filter-with')
+        else:
+            filter_with = None
+        if 'require' in local_conf:
+            for spec in local_conf['require'].split():
+                pkg_resources.require(spec)
+            del local_conf['require']
+        if section.startswith('filter-app:'):
+            context = self._filter_app_context(
+                object_type, section, name=name,
+                global_conf=global_conf, local_conf=local_conf,
+                global_additions=global_additions)
+        elif section.startswith('pipeline:'):
+            context = self._pipeline_app_context(
+                object_type, section, name=name,
+                global_conf=global_conf, local_conf=local_conf,
+                global_additions=global_additions)
+        elif 'use' in local_conf:
+            context = self._context_from_use(
+                object_type, local_conf, global_conf, global_additions,
+                section)
+        else:
+            context = self._context_from_explicit(
+                object_type, local_conf, global_conf, global_additions,
+                section)
+        if filter_with is not None:
+            filter_with_context = LoaderContext(
+                obj=None,
+                object_type=FILTER_WITH,
+                protocol=None,
+                global_conf=global_conf, local_conf=local_conf,
+                loader=self)
+            filter_with_context.filter_context = self.filter_context(
+                name=filter_with, global_conf=global_conf)
+            filter_with_context.next_context = context
+            return filter_with_context
+        return context
+
+    def _context_from_use(self, object_type, local_conf, global_conf,
+                          global_additions, section):
+        use = local_conf.pop('use')
+        context = self.get_context(
+            object_type, name=use, global_conf=global_conf)
+        context.global_conf.update(global_additions)
+        context.local_conf.update(local_conf)
+        if '__file__' in global_conf:
+            # use sections shouldn't overwrite the original __file__
+            context.global_conf['__file__'] = global_conf['__file__']
+        # @@: Should loader be overwritten?
+        context.loader = self
+
+        if context.protocol is None:
+            # Determine protocol from section type
+            section_protocol = section.split(':', 1)[0]
+            if section_protocol in ('application', 'app'):
+                context.protocol = 'paste.app_factory'
+            elif section_protocol in ('composit', 'composite'):
+                context.protocol = 'paste.composit_factory'
+            else:
+                # This will work with 'server' and 'filter', otherwise it
+                # could fail but there is an error message already for
+                # bad protocols
+                context.protocol = 'paste.%s_factory' % section_protocol
+
+        return context
+
+    def _context_from_explicit(self, object_type, local_conf, global_conf,
+                               global_addition, section):
+        possible = []
+        for protocol_options in object_type.egg_protocols:
+            for protocol in protocol_options:
+                if protocol in local_conf:
+                    possible.append((protocol, local_conf[protocol]))
+                    break
+        if len(possible) > 1:
+            raise LookupError(
+                "Multiple protocols given in section %r: %s"
+                % (section, possible))
+        if not possible:
+            raise LookupError(
+                "No loader given in section %r" % section)
+        found_protocol, found_expr = possible[0]
+        del local_conf[found_protocol]
+        value = import_string(found_expr)
+        context = LoaderContext(
+            value, object_type, found_protocol,
+            global_conf, local_conf, self)
+        return context
+
+    def _filter_app_context(self, object_type, section, name,
+                            global_conf, local_conf, global_additions):
+        if 'next' not in local_conf:
+            raise LookupError(
+                "The [%s] section in %s is missing a 'next' setting"
+                % (section, self.filename))
+        next_name = local_conf.pop('next')
+        context = LoaderContext(None, FILTER_APP, None, global_conf,
+                                local_conf, self)
+        context.next_context = self.get_context(
+            APP, next_name, global_conf)
+        if 'use' in local_conf:
+            context.filter_context = self._context_from_use(
+                FILTER, local_conf, global_conf, global_additions,
+                section)
+        else:
+            context.filter_context = self._context_from_explicit(
+                FILTER, local_conf, global_conf, global_additions,
+                section)
+        return context
+
+    def _pipeline_app_context(self, object_type, section, name,
+                              global_conf, local_conf, global_additions):
+        if 'pipeline' not in local_conf:
+            raise LookupError(
+                "The [%s] section in %s is missing a 'pipeline' setting"
+                % (section, self.filename))
+        pipeline = local_conf.pop('pipeline').split()
+        if local_conf:
+            raise LookupError(
+                "The [%s] pipeline section in %s has extra "
+                "(disallowed) settings: %s"
+                % (section, self.filename, ', '.join(local_conf.keys())))
+        context = LoaderContext(None, PIPELINE, None, global_conf,
+                                local_conf, self)
+        context.app_context = self.get_context(
+            APP, pipeline[-1], global_conf)
+        context.filter_contexts = [
+            self.get_context(FILTER, name, global_conf)
+            for name in pipeline[:-1]]
+        return context
+
+    def find_config_section(self, object_type, name=None):
+        """
+        Return the section name with the given name prefix (following the
+        same pattern as ``protocol_desc`` in ``config``.  It must have the
+        given name, or for ``'main'`` an empty name is allowed.  The
+        prefix must be followed by a ``:``.
+
+        Case is *not* ignored.
+        """
+        possible = []
+        for name_options in object_type.config_prefixes:
+            for name_prefix in name_options:
+                found = self._find_sections(
+                    self.parser.sections(), name_prefix, name)
+                if found:
+                    possible.extend(found)
+                    break
+        if not possible:
+            raise LookupError(
+                "No section %r (prefixed by %s) found in config %s"
+                % (name,
+                   ' or '.join(map(repr, _flatten(object_type.config_prefixes))),
+                   self.filename))
+        if len(possible) > 1:
+            raise LookupError(
+                "Ambiguous section names %r for section %r (prefixed by %s) "
+                "found in config %s"
+                % (possible, name,
+                   ' or '.join(map(repr, _flatten(object_type.config_prefixes))),
+                   self.filename))
+        return possible[0]
+
+    def _find_sections(self, sections, name_prefix, name):
+        found = []
+        if name is None:
+            if name_prefix in sections:
+                found.append(name_prefix)
+            name = 'main'
+        for section in sections:
+            if section.startswith(name_prefix + ':'):
+                if section[len(name_prefix) + 1:].strip() == name:
+                    found.append(section)
+        return found
+
+
+class EggLoader(_Loader):
+
+    def __init__(self, spec):
+        self.spec = spec
+
+    def get_context(self, object_type, name=None, global_conf=None):
+        if self.absolute_name(name):
+            return loadcontext(object_type, name,
+                               global_conf=global_conf)
+        entry_point, protocol, ep_name = self.find_egg_entry_point(
+            object_type, name=name)
+        return LoaderContext(
+            entry_point,
+            object_type,
+            protocol,
+            global_conf or {}, {},
+            self,
+            distribution=pkg_resources.get_distribution(self.spec),
+            entry_point_name=ep_name)
+
+    def find_egg_entry_point(self, object_type, name=None):
+        """
+        Returns the (entry_point, protocol) for the with the given
+        ``name``.
+        """
+        if name is None:
+            name = 'main'
+        possible = []
+        for protocol_options in object_type.egg_protocols:
+            for protocol in protocol_options:
+                pkg_resources.require(self.spec)
+                entry = pkg_resources.get_entry_info(
+                    self.spec,
+                    protocol,
+                    name)
+                if entry is not None:
+                    possible.append((entry.load(), protocol, entry.name))
+                    break
+        if not possible:
+            # Better exception
+            dist = pkg_resources.get_distribution(self.spec)
+            raise LookupError(
+                "Entry point %r not found in egg %r (dir: %s; protocols: %s; "
+                "entry_points: %s)"
+                % (name, self.spec,
+                   dist.location,
+                   ', '.join(_flatten(object_type.egg_protocols)),
+                   ', '.join(_flatten([
+                list((pkg_resources.get_entry_info(self.spec, prot, name) or {}).keys())
+                for prot in protocol_options] or '(no entry points)'))))
+        if len(possible) > 1:
+            raise LookupError(
+                "Ambiguous entry points for %r in egg %r (protocols: %s)"
+                % (name, self.spec, ', '.join(_flatten(protocol_options))))
+        return possible[0]
+
+
+class FuncLoader(_Loader):
+    """ Loader that supports specifying functions inside modules, without
+    using eggs at all. Configuration should be in the format:
+        use = call:my.module.path:function_name
+        
+    Dot notation is supported in both the module and function name, e.g.:
+        use = call:my.module.path:object.method
+    """
+    def __init__(self, spec):
+        self.spec = spec
+        if not ':' in spec:
+            raise LookupError("Configuration not in format module:function")
+
+    def get_context(self, object_type, name=None, global_conf=None):
+        obj = lookup_object(self.spec)
+        return LoaderContext(
+            obj,
+            object_type,
+            None, # determine protocol from section type
+            global_conf or {},
+            {},
+            self,
+            )
+
+
+class LoaderContext:
+
+    def __init__(self, obj, object_type, protocol,
+                 global_conf, local_conf, loader,
+                 distribution=None, entry_point_name=None):
+        self.object = obj
+        self.object_type = object_type
+        self.protocol = protocol
+        #assert protocol in _flatten(object_type.egg_protocols), (
+        #    "Bad protocol %r; should be one of %s"
+        #    % (protocol, ', '.join(map(repr, _flatten(object_type.egg_protocols)))))
+        self.global_conf = global_conf
+        self.local_conf = local_conf
+        self.loader = loader
+        self.distribution = distribution
+        self.entry_point_name = entry_point_name
+
+    def create(self):
+        return self.object_type.invoke(self)
+
+    def config(self):
+        conf = AttrDict(self.global_conf)
+        conf.update(self.local_conf)
+        conf.local_conf = self.local_conf
+        conf.global_conf = self.global_conf
+        conf.context = self
+        return conf
+
+
+class AttrDict(dict):
+    """
+    A dictionary that can be assigned to.
+    """
+    pass
diff --git a/src/paste/deploy/paster_templates.py b/src/paste/deploy/paster_templates.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edfa97a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/paste/deploy/paster_templates.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# (c) 2005 Ian Bicking and contributors; written for Paste (http://pythonpaste.org)
+# Licensed under the MIT license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
+import os
+
+from paste.script.templates import Template
+
+
+class PasteDeploy(Template):
+
+    _template_dir = 'paster_templates/paste_deploy'
+    summary = "A web application deployed through paste.deploy"
+
+    egg_plugins = ['PasteDeploy']
+
+    required_templates = ['PasteScript#basic_package']
+
+    def post(self, command, output_dir, vars):
+        for prereq in ['PasteDeploy']:
+            command.insert_into_file(
+                os.path.join(output_dir, 'setup.py'),
+                'Extra requirements',
+                '%r,\n' % prereq,
+                indent=True)
+        command.insert_into_file(
+            os.path.join(output_dir, 'setup.py'),
+            'Entry points',
+            ('      [paste.app_factory]\n'
+             '      main = %(package)s.wsgiapp:make_app\n') % vars,
+            indent=False)
+        if command.verbose:
+            print('*' * 72)
+            print('* Run "paster serve docs/devel_config.ini" to run the sample application')
+            print('* on http://localhost:8080')
+            print('*' * 72)
diff --git a/src/paste/deploy/paster_templates/paste_deploy/+package+/sampleapp.py_tmpl b/src/paste/deploy/paster_templates/paste_deploy/+package+/sampleapp.py_tmpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5514cfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/paste/deploy/paster_templates/paste_deploy/+package+/sampleapp.py_tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import cgi
+
+from paste.deploy.config import CONFIG
+
+
+def application(environ, start_response):
+    # Note that usually you wouldn't be writing a pure WSGI
+    # application, you might be using some framework or
+    # environment.  But as an example...
+    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-type', 'text/html')])
+    greeting = CONFIG['greeting']
+    content = [
+        b'<html><head><title>%s</title></head>\n' % greeting.encode('utf-8'),
+        b'<body><h1>%s!</h1>\n' % greeting.encode('utf-8'),
+        b'<table border=1>\n',
+        ]
+    items = environ.items()
+    items = sorted(items)
+    for key, value in items:
+        content.append(b'<tr><td>%s</td><td>%s</td></tr>\n'
+                       % (key.encode('utf-8'), cgi.escape(repr(value)).encode('utf-8')))
+    content.append(b'</table></body></html>')
+    return content
diff --git a/src/paste/deploy/paster_templates/paste_deploy/+package+/wsgiapp.py_tmpl b/src/paste/deploy/paster_templates/paste_deploy/+package+/wsgiapp.py_tmpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5684c31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/paste/deploy/paster_templates/paste_deploy/+package+/wsgiapp.py_tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from paste.deploy.config import ConfigMiddleware
+
+from . import sampleapp
+
+
+def make_app(
+    global_conf,
+    # Optional and required configuration parameters
+    # can go here, or just **kw; greeting is required:
+    greeting,
+    **kw):
+    # This is a WSGI application:
+    app = sampleapp.application
+    # Here we merge all the keys into one configuration
+    # dictionary; you don't have to do this, but this
+    # can be convenient later to add ad hoc configuration:
+    conf = global_conf.copy()
+    conf.update(kw)
+    conf['greeting'] = greeting
+    # ConfigMiddleware means that paste.deploy.CONFIG will,
+    # during this request (threadsafe) represent the
+    # configuration dictionary we set up:
+    app = ConfigMiddleware(app, conf)
+    return app
diff --git a/src/paste/deploy/paster_templates/paste_deploy/docs/devel_config.ini_tmpl b/src/paste/deploy/paster_templates/paste_deploy/docs/devel_config.ini_tmpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c0ae35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/paste/deploy/paster_templates/paste_deploy/docs/devel_config.ini_tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+[filter-app:main]
+# This puts the interactive debugger in place:
+use = egg:Paste#evalerror
+next = devel
+
+[app:devel]
+# This application is meant for interactive development
+use = egg:${project}
+debug = true
+# You can add other configuration values:
+greeting = Aloha!
+
+[app:test]
+# While this version of the configuration is for non-iteractive
+# tests (unit tests)
+use = devel
+
+[server:main]
+use = egg:Paste#http
+# Change to 0.0.0.0 to make public:
+host = 127.0.0.1
+port = 8080
diff --git a/src/paste/deploy/util.py b/src/paste/deploy/util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d30466a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/paste/deploy/util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# (c) 2005 Ian Bicking and contributors; written for Paste (http://pythonpaste.org)
+# Licensed under the MIT license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
+import inspect
+import sys
+
+
+def fix_type_error(exc_info, callable, varargs, kwargs):
+    """
+    Given an exception, this will test if the exception was due to a
+    signature error, and annotate the error with better information if
+    so.
+
+    Usage::
+
+      try:
+          val = callable(*args, **kw)
+      except TypeError:
+          exc_info = fix_type_error(None, callable, args, kw)
+          raise exc_info[0], exc_info[1], exc_info[2]
+    """
+    if exc_info is None:
+        exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+    if (exc_info[0] != TypeError
+        or str(exc_info[1]).find('arguments') == -1
+        or getattr(exc_info[1], '_type_error_fixed', False)):
+        return exc_info
+    exc_info[1]._type_error_fixed = True
+    argspec = inspect.formatargspec(*inspect.getargspec(callable))
+    args = ', '.join(map(_short_repr, varargs))
+    if kwargs and args:
+        args += ', '
+    if kwargs:
+        kwargs = sorted(kwargs.items())
+        args += ', '.join(['%s=...' % n for n, v in kwargs])
+    gotspec = '(%s)' % args
+    msg = f'{exc_info[1]}; got {gotspec}, wanted {argspec}'
+    exc_info[1].args = (msg,)
+    return exc_info
+
+
+def _short_repr(v):
+    v = repr(v)
+    if len(v) > 12:
+        v = v[:8] + '...' + v[-4:]
+    return v
+
+
+def fix_call(callable, *args, **kw):
+    """
+    Call ``callable(*args, **kw)`` fixing any type errors that come out.
+    """
+    try:
+        val = callable(*args, **kw)
+    except TypeError:
+        exc_info = fix_type_error(None, callable, args, kw)
+        raise exc_info[1] from None
+    return val
+
+
+def lookup_object(spec):
+    """
+    Looks up a module or object from a some.module:func_name specification.
+    To just look up a module, omit the colon and everything after it.
+    """
+    parts, target = spec.split(':') if ':' in spec else (spec, None)
+    module = __import__(parts)
+
+    for part in parts.split('.')[1:] + ([target] if target else []):
+        module = getattr(module, part)
+
+    return module