Fix `used-before-assignment` TYPE_CHECKING false negatives (#8431)

Co-authored-by: Pierre Sassoulas <pierre.sassoulas@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jacob Walls <jacobtylerwalls@gmail.com>

4 files changed, 86 insertions, 20 deletions

diff --git a/doc/whatsnew/fragments/8198.bugfix b/doc/whatsnew/fragments/8198.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..61b4028ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/whatsnew/fragments/8198.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Fix ``used-before-assignment`` false negative when TYPE_CHECKING imports
+are used in multiple scopes.
+
+Closes #8198
diff --git a/pylint/checkers/variables.py b/pylint/checkers/variables.py
index cad4c76ea..d82b5a8c8 100644
--- a/pylint/checkers/variables.py
+++ b/pylint/checkers/variables.py
@@ -1257,6 +1257,7 @@ class VariablesChecker(BaseChecker):
             tuple[nodes.ExceptHandler, nodes.AssignName]
         ] = []
         """This is a queue, last in first out."""
+        self._evaluated_type_checking_scopes: dict[str, list[nodes.NodeNG]] = {}
         self._postponed_evaluation_enabled = False
 
     @utils.only_required_for_messages(
@@ -1717,30 +1718,16 @@ class VariablesChecker(BaseChecker):
         if found_nodes is None:
             return (VariableVisitConsumerAction.CONTINUE, None)
         if not found_nodes:
-            if (
-                not (
-                    self._postponed_evaluation_enabled
-                    and utils.is_node_in_type_annotation_context(node)
-                )
-                and not self._is_builtin(node.name)
-                and not self._is_variable_annotation_in_function(node)
-            ):
-                confidence = (
-                    CONTROL_FLOW
-                    if node.name in current_consumer.consumed_uncertain
-                    else HIGH
-                )
-                self.add_message(
-                    "used-before-assignment",
-                    args=node.name,
-                    node=node,
-                    confidence=confidence,
-                )
+            self._report_unfound_name_definition(node, current_consumer)
             # Mark for consumption any nodes added to consumed_uncertain by
             # get_next_to_consume() because they might not have executed.
+            nodes_to_consume = current_consumer.consumed_uncertain[node.name]
+            nodes_to_consume = self._filter_type_checking_import_from_consumption(
+                node, nodes_to_consume
+            )
             return (
                 VariableVisitConsumerAction.RETURN,
-                current_consumer.consumed_uncertain[node.name],
+                nodes_to_consume,
             )
 
         self._check_late_binding_closure(node)
@@ -1906,6 +1893,61 @@ class VariablesChecker(BaseChecker):
 
         return (VariableVisitConsumerAction.RETURN, found_nodes)
 
+    def _report_unfound_name_definition(
+        self, node: nodes.NodeNG, current_consumer: NamesConsumer
+    ) -> None:
+        """Reports used-before-assignment when all name definition nodes
+        get filtered out by NamesConsumer.
+        """
+        if (
+            self._postponed_evaluation_enabled
+            and utils.is_node_in_type_annotation_context(node)
+        ):
+            return
+        if self._is_builtin(node.name):
+            return
+        if self._is_variable_annotation_in_function(node):
+            return
+        if (
+            node.name in self._evaluated_type_checking_scopes
+            and node.scope() in self._evaluated_type_checking_scopes[node.name]
+        ):
+            return
+
+        confidence = (
+            CONTROL_FLOW if node.name in current_consumer.consumed_uncertain else HIGH
+        )
+        self.add_message(
+            "used-before-assignment",
+            args=node.name,
+            node=node,
+            confidence=confidence,
+        )
+
+    def _filter_type_checking_import_from_consumption(
+        self, node: nodes.NodeNG, nodes_to_consume: list[nodes.NodeNG]
+    ) -> list[nodes.NodeNG]:
+        """Do not consume type-checking import node as used-before-assignment
+        may invoke in different scopes.
+        """
+        type_checking_import = next(
+            (
+                n
+                for n in nodes_to_consume
+                if isinstance(n, (nodes.Import, nodes.ImportFrom))
+                and in_type_checking_block(n)
+            ),
+            None,
+        )
+        # If used-before-assignment reported for usage of type checking import
+        # keep track of its scope
+        if type_checking_import and not self._is_variable_annotation_in_function(node):
+            self._evaluated_type_checking_scopes.setdefault(node.name, []).append(
+                node.scope()
+            )
+        nodes_to_consume = [n for n in nodes_to_consume if n != type_checking_import]
+        return nodes_to_consume
+
     @utils.only_required_for_messages("no-name-in-module")
     def visit_import(self, node: nodes.Import) -> None:
         """Check modules attribute accesses."""
diff --git a/tests/functional/u/used/used_before_assignment_scoping.py b/tests/functional/u/used/used_before_assignment_scoping.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d88210bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/functional/u/used/used_before_assignment_scoping.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring, missing-module-docstring
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from datetime import datetime
+
+
+def func_two():
+    second = datetime.now()  # [used-before-assignment]
+    return second
+
+
+def func():
+    first: datetime
+    first = datetime.now()  # [used-before-assignment]
+    second = datetime.now()
+    return first, second
diff --git a/tests/functional/u/used/used_before_assignment_scoping.txt b/tests/functional/u/used/used_before_assignment_scoping.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32b6d3e1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/functional/u/used/used_before_assignment_scoping.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+used-before-assignment:10:13:10:21:func_two:Using variable 'datetime' before assignment:CONTROL_FLOW
+used-before-assignment:16:12:16:20:func:Using variable 'datetime' before assignment:CONTROL_FLOW