path: root/README.rst

Introduction
============

This small python library provides a few tools to handle `SemVer`_ in Python.
It follows strictly the 2.0.0 version of the SemVer scheme.

.. image:: https://github.com/rbarrois/python-semanticversion/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg
    :target: https://github.com/rbarrois/python-semanticversion/actions/workflows/test.yml

.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/semantic_version.svg
    :target: https://python-semanticversion.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changelog.html
    :alt: Latest Version

.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/semantic_version.svg
    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/semantic_version/
    :alt: Supported Python versions

.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/wheel/semantic_version.svg
    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/semantic_version/
    :alt: Wheel status

.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/semantic_version.svg
    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/semantic_version/
    :alt: License

Links
-----

- Package on `PyPI`_: https://pypi.org/project/semantic-version/
- Doc on `ReadTheDocs <http://readthedocs.org/>`_: https://python-semanticversion.readthedocs.io/
- Source on `GitHub <http://github.com/>`_: http://github.com/rbarrois/python-semanticversion/
- Build on Github Actions: https://github.com/rbarrois/python-semanticversion/actions
- Semantic Version specification: `SemVer`_


Getting started
===============

Install the package from `PyPI`_, using pip:

.. code-block:: sh

    pip install semantic-version

Or from GitHub:

.. code-block:: sh

    $ git clone git://github.com/rbarrois/python-semanticversion.git


Import it in your code:


.. code-block:: python

    import semantic_version


This module provides classes to handle semantic versions:

- ``Version`` represents a version number (``0.1.1-alpha+build.2012-05-15``)
- ``BaseSpec``-derived classes represent requirement specifications (``>=0.1.1,<0.3.0``):

  - ``SimpleSpec`` describes a natural description syntax
  - ``NpmSpec`` is used for NPM-style range descriptions.

Versions
--------

Defining a ``Version`` is quite simple:


.. code-block:: pycon

    >>> import semantic_version
    >>> v = semantic_version.Version('0.1.1')
    >>> v.major
    0
    >>> v.minor
    1
    >>> v.patch
    1
    >>> v.prerelease
    []
    >>> v.build
    []
    >>> list(v)
    [0, 1, 1, [], []]

If the provided version string is invalid, a ``ValueError`` will be raised:

.. code-block:: pycon

    >>> semantic_version.Version('0.1')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/Users/rbarrois/dev/semantic_version/src/semantic_version/base.py", line 64, in __init__
        major, minor, patch, prerelease, build = self.parse(version_string, partial)
      File "/Users/rbarrois/dev/semantic_version/src/semantic_version/base.py", line 86, in parse
        raise ValueError('Invalid version string: %r' % version_string)
    ValueError: Invalid version string: '0.1'


One may also create a ``Version`` with named components:

.. code-block:: pycon

    >>> semantic_version.Version(major=0, minor=1, patch=2)
    Version('0.1.2')

In that case, ``major``, ``minor`` and ``patch`` are mandatory, and must be integers.
``prerelease`` and ``build``, if provided, must be tuples of strings:

.. code-block:: pycon

    >>> semantic_version.Version(major=0, minor=1, patch=2, prerelease=('alpha', '2'))
    Version('0.1.2-alpha.2')


Some user-supplied input might not match the semantic version scheme.
For such cases, the ``Version.coerce`` method will try to convert any
version-like string into a valid semver version:

.. code-block:: pycon

    >>> Version.coerce('0')
    Version('0.0.0')
    >>> Version.coerce('0.1.2.3.4')
    Version('0.1.2+3.4')
    >>> Version.coerce('0.1.2a3')
    Version('0.1.2-a3')

Working with versions
"""""""""""""""""""""

Obviously, versions can be compared:


.. code-block:: pycon

    >>> semantic_version.Version('0.1.1') < semantic_version.Version('0.1.2')
    True
    >>> semantic_version.Version('0.1.1') > semantic_version.Version('0.1.1-alpha')
    True
    >>> semantic_version.Version('0.1.1') <= semantic_version.Version('0.1.1-alpha')
    False

You can also get a new version that represents a bump in one of the version levels:

.. code-block:: pycon

    >>> v = semantic_version.Version('0.1.1+build')
    >>> new_v = v.next_major()
    >>> str(new_v)
    '1.0.0'
    >>> v = semantic_version.Version('1.1.1+build')
    >>> new_v = v.next_minor()
    >>> str(new_v)
    '1.2.0'
    >>> v = semantic_version.Version('1.1.1+build')
    >>> new_v = v.next_patch()
    >>> str(new_v)
    '1.1.2'



Requirement specification
-------------------------

python-semanticversion provides a couple of ways to describe a range of accepted
versions:

- The ``SimpleSpec`` class provides a simple, easily understood scheme --
  somewhat inspired from PyPI range notations;
- The ``NpmSpec`` class supports the whole NPM range specification scheme:

  .. code-block:: pycon

      >>> Version('0.1.2') in NpmSpec('0.1.0-alpha.2 .. 0.2.4')
      True
      >>> Version('0.1.2') in NpmSpec('>=0.1.1 <0.1.3 || 2.x')
      True
      >>> Version('2.3.4') in NpmSpec('>=0.1.1 <0.1.3 || 2.x')
      True

The ``SimpleSpec`` scheme
"""""""""""""""""""""""""

Basic usage is simply a comparator and a base version:

.. code-block:: pycon

    >>> s = SimpleSpec('>=0.1.1')  # At least 0.1.1
    >>> s.match(Version('0.1.1'))
    True
    >>> s.match(Version('0.1.1-alpha1'))  # pre-release doesn't satisfy version spec
    False
    >>> s.match(Version('0.1.0'))
    False

Combining specifications can be expressed as follows:

  .. code-block:: pycon

      >>> SimpleSpec('>=0.1.1,<0.3.0')

Simpler test syntax is also available using the ``in`` keyword:

.. code-block:: pycon

    >>> s = SimpleSpec('==0.1.1')
    >>> Version('0.1.1+git7ccc72') in s  # build variants are equivalent to full versions
    True
    >>> Version('0.1.1-alpha1') in s     # pre-release variants don't match the full version.
    False
    >>> Version('0.1.2') in s
    False


Refer to the full documentation at
https://python-semanticversion.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ for more details on the
``SimpleSpec`` scheme.



Using a specification
"""""""""""""""""""""

The ``SimpleSpec.filter`` method filters an iterable of ``Version``:

.. code-block:: pycon

    >>> s = SimpleSpec('>=0.1.0,<0.4.0')
    >>> versions = (Version('0.%d.0' % i) for i in range(6))
    >>> for v in s.filter(versions):
    ...     print v
    0.1.0
    0.2.0
    0.3.0

It is also possible to select the 'best' version from such iterables:


.. code-block:: pycon

    >>> s = SimpleSpec('>=0.1.0,<0.4.0')
    >>> versions = (Version('0.%d.0' % i) for i in range(6))
    >>> s.select(versions)
    Version('0.3.0')



Contributing
============

In order to contribute to the source code:

- Open an issue on `GitHub`_: https://github.com/rbarrois/python-semanticversion/issues
- Fork the `repository <https://github.com/rbarrois/python-semanticversion>`_
  and submit a pull request on `GitHub`_
- Or send me a patch (mailto:raphael.barrois+semver@polytechnique.org)

When submitting patches or pull requests, you should respect the following rules:

- Coding conventions are based on :pep:`8`
- The whole test suite must pass after adding the changes
- The test coverage for a new feature must be 100%
- New features and methods should be documented in the ``reference`` section
  and included in the ``changelog``
- Include your name in the ``contributors`` section

.. note:: All files should contain the following header::

          # -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
          # Copyright (c) The python-semanticversion project

.. _SemVer: http://semver.org/
.. _PyPI: http://pypi.python.org/