Update GitHub Actions workflows

10 files changed, 193 insertions, 135 deletions

diff --git a/.github/workflows/builddoc.yml b/.github/workflows/builddoc.yml
index bb24a82e4..d80a4bafb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/builddoc.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/builddoc.yml
@@ -20,9 +20,17 @@ jobs:
       with:
         python-version: 3
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run:  |
+      run: |
         sudo apt update
         sudo apt install -y graphviz
-        pip install -U tox
-    - name: Run Tox
-      run:  tox -e docs
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install .[docs]
+    - name: Render the documentation
+      run: >
+        python
+        -X dev
+        -X warn_default_encoding
+        -m sphinx
+        -M html ./doc ./build/sphinx
+        -W
+        --keep-going
diff --git a/.github/workflows/coverage.yml b/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
index 1db73578c..a3ac27837 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ on: [push]
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
+env:
+  FORCE_COLOR: "1"
+
 jobs:
   coverage:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -24,11 +27,16 @@ jobs:
       run: sudo apt-get install graphviz
 
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run: python -m pip install -U pip tox pytest-cov
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install .[test] pytest-cov
 
-    - name: Run Tox
-      run: tox -e py -- -vv
+    - name: Test with pytest
+      run: python -m pytest -vv
       env:
+        PYTHONDEVMODE: "1"  # -X dev
+        PYTHONWARNDEFAULTENCODING: "1"  # -X warn_default_encoding
+        PYTHONWARNINGS: "always"  #  -W always
         PYTEST_ADDOPTS: "--cov ./ --cov-append --cov-config pyproject.toml"
         VIRTUALENV_SYSTEM_SITE_PACKAGES: "1"
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/latex.yml b/.github/workflows/latex.yml
index b61d5598e..1eaeccaa9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/latex.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/latex.yml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     container:
       image: ghcr.io/sphinx-doc/sphinx-ci
     env:
-      DO_EPUBCHECK: 1
+      DO_EPUBCHECK: "1"
     steps:
     - name: Alias python3 to python
       run: ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
@@ -24,6 +24,15 @@ jobs:
     - name: Check Python version
       run: python --version
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run: pip install -U pip tox
-    - name: Run Tox
-      run: tox -e py -- -vv
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install .[test]
+    - name: Test with pytest
+      run: >
+        python
+        -X dev
+        -X warn_default_encoding
+        -m pytest
+        -vv
+        --color yes
+        --durations 25
diff --git a/.github/workflows/lint.yml b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
index 60be3701d..bbcf14233 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
@@ -10,15 +10,11 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 env:
-  FORCE_COLOR: 1
+  FORCE_COLOR: "1"
 
 jobs:
-  build:
+  ruff:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        tool: [docslint, flake8, isort, mypy, twine]
 
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -27,11 +23,13 @@ jobs:
       with:
         python-version: 3
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run:  python -m pip install -U tox pip
-    - name: Run Tox
-      run:  tox -e ${{ matrix.tool }}
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install --upgrade ruff
+    - name: Lint with Ruff
+      run: ruff . --diff --format github
 
-  ruff:
+  flake8:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
@@ -41,8 +39,81 @@ jobs:
       with:
         python-version: 3
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run:  |
+      run: |
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        python -m pip install --upgrade ruff
-    - name: Lint with Ruff
-      run:  ruff .  --diff --format github
+        python -m pip install --upgrade "flake8>=3.5.0" "flake8-simplify"
+    - name: Lint with flake8
+      run: flake8 .
+
+  isort:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - name: Set up Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: 3
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install --upgrade isort
+    - name: Lint with isort
+      run: isort --check-only --diff .
+
+  mypy:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - name: Set up Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: 3
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install --upgrade "mypy>=0.990" docutils-stubs types-requests
+    - name: Type check with mypy
+      run: mypy sphinx/
+
+  docs-lint:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - name: Set up Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: 3
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install --upgrade sphinx-lint
+    - name: Lint documentation with sphinx-lint
+      run: >
+        sphinx-lint
+        --enable line-too-long
+        --max-line-length 85 
+        CHANGES
+        CONTRIBUTING.rst
+        README.rst
+        doc/
+
+  twine:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - name: Set up Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: 3
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install --upgrade twine build
+    - name: Lint with twine
+      run: |
+        python -m build .
+        twine check dist/*
diff --git a/.github/workflows/lock.yml b/.github/workflows/lock.yml
index e24c068d1..d86f4b362 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lock.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lock.yml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-name: 'Lock old threads'
+name: Lock old threads
 
 on:
   schedule:
-    - cron: '0 0 * * *'
+    - cron: "0 0 * * *"
 
 permissions:
   issues: write
@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ jobs:
       - uses: dessant/lock-threads@v3
         with:
           github-token: ${{ github.token }}
-          issue-inactive-days: '30'
-          pr-inactive-days: '30'
+          issue-inactive-days: "30"
+          pr-inactive-days: "30"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yml b/.github/workflows/main.yml
index ae2c7ab27..108e5d83e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml
@@ -9,10 +9,16 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+env:
+  FORCE_COLOR: "1"
+  PYTHONDEVMODE: "1"  # -X dev
+  PYTHONWARNDEFAULTENCODING: "1"  # -X warn_default_encoding
+  PYTHONWARNINGS: "always"  #  -W always
+
 jobs:
   ubuntu:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    name: Python ${{ matrix.python }} (${{ matrix.docutils }})
+    name: Python ${{ matrix.python }} (Docutils ${{ matrix.docutils }})
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -23,9 +29,8 @@ jobs:
         - "3.11"
         - "3.12-dev"
         docutils:
-        - "du18"
-        - "du19"
-        - "du-latest"
+        - "0.18"
+        - "0.19"
 
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -44,12 +49,18 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install graphviz
       run: sudo apt-get install graphviz
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run: python -m pip install -U pip tox
-    - name: Run Tox
-      run: tox -e ${{ matrix.docutils }} -- -vv
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install .[test]
+    - name: Install Docutils ${{ matrix.docutils }}
+      run: python -m pip install --upgrade "docutils==${{ matrix.docutils }}.*"
+    - name: Test with pytest
+      run: python -m pytest -vv --durations 25
 
   windows:
     runs-on: windows-2019
+    name: Windows
+
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
     - name: Set up Python
@@ -57,6 +68,31 @@ jobs:
       with:
         python-version: 3
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run:  python -m pip install -U pip tox
-    - name: Run Tox
-      run:  tox -e py -- -vv
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install .[test]
+    - name: Test with pytest
+      run: python -m pytest -vv --durations 25
+
+  docutils-latest:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    name: Docutils HEAD
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - name: Set up Python 3
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: "3"
+    - name: Check Python version
+      run: python --version
+    - name: Install graphviz
+      run: sudo apt-get install graphviz
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install .[test]
+    - name: Install Docutils' HEAD
+      run: python -m pip install git+https://repo.or.cz/docutils.git\#subdirectory=docutils
+    - name: Test with pytest
+      run: python -m pytest -vv
diff --git a/.github/workflows/nodejs.yml b/.github/workflows/nodejs.yml
index f66be63e5..184d33211 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/nodejs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nodejs.yml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     env:
-      node-version: 16
+      node-version: "16"
 
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -24,6 +24,4 @@ jobs:
         cache: "npm"
     - run: npm install
     - name: Run headless test
-      uses: GabrielBB/xvfb-action@v1
-      with:
-        run: npm test
+      run: xvfb-run -a npm test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/transifex.yml b/.github/workflows/transifex.yml
index 263622d02..68d68d28a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/transifex.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/transifex.yml
@@ -22,15 +22,15 @@ jobs:
       with:
         python-version: 3.9  # https://github.com/transifex/transifex-client/pull/330
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run:  pip install -U babel jinja2 transifex-client
+      run: pip install -U babel jinja2 transifex-client
     - name: Install Sphinx
-      run:  pip install .
+      run: pip install .
     - name: Extract translations from source code
-      run:  python utils/babel_runner.py extract
+      run: python utils/babel_runner.py extract
     - name: Push translations to transifex.com
-      run:  cd sphinx/locale && tx push -s --no-interactive --parallel
+      run: cd sphinx/locale && tx push -s --no-interactive --parallel
       env:
-        TX_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TX_TOKEN }}
+        TX_TOKEN: "${{ secrets.TX_TOKEN }}"
 
   pull:
     permissions:
@@ -48,21 +48,21 @@ jobs:
       with:
         python-version: 3.9  # https://github.com/transifex/transifex-client/pull/330
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run:  pip install -U babel jinja2 transifex-client
+      run: pip install -U babel jinja2 transifex-client
     - name: Install Sphinx
-      run:  pip install .
+      run: pip install .
     - name: Extract translations from source code
-      run:  python utils/babel_runner.py extract
+      run: python utils/babel_runner.py extract
     - name: Pull translations to transifex.com
-      run:  cd sphinx/locale && tx pull -a -f --no-interactive --parallel
+      run: cd sphinx/locale && tx pull -a -f --no-interactive --parallel
       env:
-        TX_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TX_TOKEN }}
+        TX_TOKEN: "${{ secrets.TX_TOKEN }}"
     - name: Compile message catalogs
-      run:  python utils/babel_runner.py compile
+      run: python utils/babel_runner.py compile
     - name: Create Pull Request
       uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v4
       with:
-        commit-message: 'Update message catalogs'
+        commit-message: "Update message catalogs"
         branch: bot/pull-translations
         title: Update message catalogs
         labels: i18n
diff --git a/doc/internals/contributing.rst b/doc/internals/contributing.rst
index 6d5279f9e..a8753dddc 100644
--- a/doc/internals/contributing.rst
+++ b/doc/internals/contributing.rst
@@ -154,10 +154,10 @@ Please follow these guidelines when writing code for Sphinx:
 
 * Add appropriate unit tests.
 
-Style and type checks can be run using ``tox``::
+Style and type checks can be run as follows::
 
-    tox -e mypy
-    tox -e flake8
+    ruff .
+    mypy sphinx/
 
 Unit tests
 ~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -252,13 +252,9 @@ documentation, as well as key aspects of a few different tools that we use.
 Build the documentation
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-We use `the tox tool <https://tox.wiki/en/latest/>`__ to quickly build the
-documentation. Tox is kind-of like a Makefile, but includes the ability to
-install an isolated environment used to run each task.
+To build the documentation, run the following command::
 
-To build the documentation with ``tox``, run the following command::
-
-    tox -e docs
+    sphinx-build -M html ./doc ./build/sphinx -W --keep-going
 
 This will parse the Sphinx documentation's source files and generate HTML for
 you to preview in ``build/sphinx/html``.
@@ -267,7 +263,7 @@ You can also build a **live version of the documentation** that you can preview
 in the browser. It will detect changes and reload the page any time you make
 edits. To do so, run the following command::
 
-    tox -e docs-live
+    sphinx-autobuild ./doc ./build/sphinx/
 
 Translations
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index 657479953..487b07537 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [tox]
 minversion = 2.4.0
-envlist = docs,flake8,mypy,twine,py{38,39,310,311,312},du{18,19,-latest}
+envlist = py{38,39,310,311,312}
 isolated_build = True
 
 [testenv]
@@ -18,12 +18,6 @@ passenv =
     TERM
 description =
     py{38,39,310,311,312}: Run unit tests against {envname}.
-    du{18,19}: Run unit tests with the given version of docutils.
-    du-latest: Run unit tests with Docutils' HEAD
-deps =
-    du18: docutils==0.18.*
-    du19: docutils==0.19.*
-    du-latest: git+https://repo.or.cz/docutils.git\#subdirectory=docutils
 extras =
     test
 setenv =
@@ -32,48 +26,6 @@ setenv =
 commands=
     python -X dev -X warn_default_encoding -m pytest --durations 25 {posargs}
 
-[testenv:flake8]
-basepython = python3
-description =
-    Run style checks.
-whitelist_externals =
-    flake8
-extras =
-    lint
-commands =
-    flake8 {posargs}
-
-[testenv:ruff]
-basepython = python3
-description =
-    Run style checks with ruff.
-whitelist_externals =
-    ruff
-extras =
-    lint
-commands =
-    ruff {posargs}
-
-[testenv:isort]
-basepython = python3
-description =
-    Run import sorting checks.
-whitelist_externals =
-    isort
-extras =
-    lint
-commands =
-    isort --check-only --diff .
-
-[testenv:mypy]
-basepython = python3
-description =
-    Run type checks.
-extras =
-    lint
-commands=
-    mypy sphinx/
-
 [testenv:docs]
 basepython = python3
 description =
@@ -81,16 +33,7 @@ description =
 extras =
     docs
 commands =
-    python -X dev -X warn_default_encoding -m sphinx -M html ./doc ./build/sphinx -W --keep-going
-
-[testenv:docslint]
-basepython = python3
-description =
-    Lint documentation.
-extras =
-    lint
-commands =
-    sphinx-lint --enable line-too-long --max-line-length 85 CHANGES CONTRIBUTING.rst README.rst doc/
+    sphinx-build -M html ./doc ./build/sphinx -W --keep-going
 
 [testenv:docs-live]
 basepython = python3
@@ -103,17 +46,6 @@ deps =
 commands =
     sphinx-autobuild ./doc ./build/sphinx/
 
-[testenv:twine]
-basepython = python3
-description =
-    Lint package.
-deps =
-    twine
-    build
-commands =
-    python -m build .
-    twine check dist/*
-
 [testenv:bindep]
 description =
     Install binary dependencies.