Import IANA 2015d

13 files changed, 511 insertions, 324 deletions

diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/Makefile b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/Makefile
index fbb027a..b398727 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/Makefile
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/Makefile
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 PACKAGE=	tzcode
 
 # Version numbers of the code and data distributions.
-VERSION=	2015b
+VERSION=	2015d
 
 # Email address for bug reports.
 BUGEMAIL=	tz@iana.org
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ LDLIBS=
 #  -DHAVE_STDINT_H=1 if you have a pre-C99 compiler with "stdint.h"
 #  -DHAVE_STRFTIME_L=1 if <time.h> declares locale_t and strftime_l
 #	This defaults to 0 if _POSIX_VERSION < 200809, 1 otherwise.
+#  -DHAVE_STRDUP=0 if your system lacks the strdup function
 #  -DHAVE_SYMLINK=0 if your system lacks the symlink function
 #  -DHAVE_SYS_STAT_H=0 if your compiler lacks a "sys/stat.h"
 #  -DHAVE_SYS_WAIT_H=0 if your compiler lacks a "sys/wait.h"
@@ -149,18 +150,18 @@ LDLIBS=
 #  $(GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS) if you are using GCC and want lots of checking
 GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS = -Dlint -g3 -O3 -fno-common -fstrict-aliasing \
 	-Wall -Wextra \
-	-Wbad-function-cast -Wcast-align -Wcast-qual \
+	-Wbad-function-cast -Wcast-align -Wdate-time \
 	-Wdeclaration-after-statement \
+	-Wdouble-promotion \
 	-Wformat=2 -Winit-self -Wjump-misses-init \
-	-Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-noreturn -Wmissing-prototypes \
-	-Wnested-externs -Wno-address -Wno-cast-qual \
-	-Wno-format-nonliteral -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-sign-conversion \
-	-Wno-type-limits \
-	-Wno-unused-parameter -Woverlength-strings -Wpointer-arith \
+	-Wlogical-op -Wmissing-prototypes -Wnested-externs \
+	-Wold-style-definition -Woverlength-strings -Wpointer-arith \
 	-Wshadow -Wstrict-prototypes -Wsuggest-attribute=const \
 	-Wsuggest-attribute=format -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn \
 	-Wsuggest-attribute=pure -Wtrampolines \
-	-Wwrite-strings
+	-Wunused -Wwrite-strings \
+	-Wno-address -Wno-format-nonliteral -Wno-sign-compare \
+	-Wno-type-limits -Wno-unused-parameter
 #
 # If you want to use System V compatibility code, add
 #	-DUSG_COMPAT
@@ -330,13 +331,13 @@ AR=		ar
 # ':' on typical hosts; 'ranlib' on the ancient hosts that still need ranlib.
 RANLIB=		:
 
-TZCOBJS=	zic.o scheck.o ialloc.o
+TZCOBJS=	zic.o
 TZDOBJS=	zdump.o localtime.o asctime.o
 DATEOBJS=	date.o localtime.o strftime.o asctime.o
 LIBSRCS=	localtime.c asctime.c difftime.c
 LIBOBJS=	localtime.o asctime.o difftime.o
 HEADERS=	tzfile.h private.h
-NONLIBSRCS=	zic.c zdump.c scheck.c ialloc.c
+NONLIBSRCS=	zic.c zdump.c
 NEWUCBSRCS=	date.c strftime.c
 SOURCES=	$(HEADERS) $(LIBSRCS) $(NONLIBSRCS) $(NEWUCBSRCS) \
 			tzselect.ksh workman.sh
@@ -654,9 +655,7 @@ zonenames:	$(TDATA)
 asctime.o:	private.h tzfile.h
 date.o:		private.h
 difftime.o:	private.h
-ialloc.o:	private.h
 localtime.o:	private.h tzfile.h
-scheck.o:	private.h
 strftime.o:	private.h tzfile.h
 zdump.o:	version.h
 zic.o:		private.h tzfile.h version.h
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/NEWS b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/NEWS
index ce6ac40..c14df78 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/NEWS
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/NEWS
@@ -1,5 +1,79 @@
 News for the tz database
 
+Release 2015d - 2015-04-24 08:09:46 -0700
+
+  Changes affecting future time stamps
+
+    Egypt will not observe DST in 2015 and will consider canceling it
+    permanently.  For now, assume no DST indefinitely.
+    (Thanks to Ahmed Nazmy and Tim Parenti.)
+
+  Changes affecting past time stamps
+
+    America/Whitehorse switched from UTC-9 to UTC-8 on 1967-05-28, not
+    1966-07-01.  Also, Yukon's time zone history is documented better.
+    (Thanks to Brian Inglis and Dennis Ferguson.)
+
+  Change affecting past and future time zone abbreviations
+
+    The abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian standard and daylight times
+    have been changed from HAST/HADT to HST/HDT, as per US Government
+    Printing Office style.  This affects only America/Adak since 1983,
+    as America/Honolulu was already using the new style.
+
+  Changes affecting code
+
+   zic has some minor performance improvements.
+
+
+Release 2015c - 2015-04-11 08:55:55 -0700
+
+  Changes affecting future time stamps
+
+    Egypt's spring-forward transition is at 24:00 on April's last Thursday,
+    not 00:00 on April's last Friday.  2015's transition will therefore be on
+    Thursday, April 30 at 24:00, not Friday, April 24 at 00:00.  Similar fixes
+    apply to 2026, 2037, 2043, etc.  (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.)
+
+  Changes affecting past time stamps
+
+    The following changes affect some pre-1991 Chile-related time stamps
+    in America/Santiago, Antarctica/Palmer, and Pacific/Easter.
+
+      The 1910 transition was January 10, not January 1.
+
+      The 1918 transition was September 10, not September 1.
+
+      The UTC-4 time observed from 1932 to 1942 is now considered to be
+      standard time, not year-round DST.
+
+      Santiago observed DST (UTC-3) from 1946-07-15 through 1946-08-31,
+      then reverted to standard time, then switched its time zone to
+      UTC-5 on 1947-04-01.
+
+      Assume transitions before 1968 were at 00:00, since we have no data
+      saying otherwise.
+
+      The spring 1988 transition was 1988-10-09, not 1988-10-02.
+      The fall 1990 transition was 1990-03-11, not 1990-03-18.
+
+      Assume no UTC offset change for Pacific/Easter on 1890-01-01,
+      and omit all transitions on Pacific/Easter from 1942 through 1946
+      since we have no data suggesting that they existed.
+
+    One more zone has been turned into a link, as it differed
+    from an existing zone only for older time stamps.  As usual,
+    this change affects UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only.
+    The zone's old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file.
+    The affected zone is America/Montreal.
+
+  Changes affecting commentary
+
+    Mention the TZUpdater tool.
+
+    Mention "The Time Now".  (Thanks to Brandon Ramsey.)
+
+
 Release 2015b - 2015-03-19 23:28:11 -0700
 
   Changes affecting future time stamps
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/africa b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/africa
index 1b9bf50..ea0171a 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/africa
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/africa
@@ -319,35 +319,29 @@ Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	24:00	0	-
 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  There is
 # no information about when DST will end this fall.  See:
 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
+# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
+# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
+# Thursday of April....  Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
+# dates not yet announced....
+# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
+
+# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
+# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
+# least for 2015.
 #
-# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use
-# 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at
-# 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the
-# first Friday after Ramadan.  To implement this,
-# transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running
-# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated
-# by hand into the table below.  Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed
-# DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff.
-# (let ((islamic-year 1436))
-#   (while (< islamic-year 1460)
-#     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
-#           (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
-#           (friday 5))
-#       (while (/= friday (mod a 7))
-#         (setq a (1- a)))
-#       (while (/= friday (mod b 7))
-#         (setq b (1+ b)))
-#       (setq a (1- a))
-#       (setq b (1- b))
-#       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
-#       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
-#       (insert
-#        (format
-#         (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
-#                 "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n")
-#         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
-#         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
-#     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
+# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
+# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
+# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
+# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
+# practice altogether in future years."
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-20):
+# For now, assume DST will be canceled.  Any resumption would likely
+# use different rules anyway.
+
 Rule	Egypt	2008	only	-	Aug	lastThu	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2009	only	-	Aug	20	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Aug	10	24:00	0	-
@@ -356,22 +350,7 @@ Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	May	15	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jun	26	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jul	31	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2014	max	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2015	2019	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2015	only	-	Jun	11	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2015	only	-	Jul	23	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2016	only	-	Jun	 2	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2016	only	-	Jul	 7	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2017	only	-	May	25	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2017	only	-	Jun	29	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2018	only	-	May	10	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2018	only	-	Jun	14	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2019	only	-	May	 2	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2019	only	-	Jun	 6	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2020	only	-	May	28	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2021	only	-	May	13	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2022	only	-	May	 5	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2023	max	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:09 -	LMT	1900 Oct
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/antarctica b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/antarctica
index ebae994..2af088f 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/antarctica
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/antarctica
@@ -15,41 +15,6 @@
 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
 # FORMAT is 'zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
 
-# These rules are stolen from the 'southamerica' file.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	ArgAQ	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	ArgAQ	1964	1966	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	ArgAQ	1967	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	ArgAQ	1967	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	ArgAQ	1968	1969	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	ArgAQ	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	ArgAQ	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	1972	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	1974	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	ChileAQ	1987	only	-	Apr	12	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	1988	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	1988	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	ChileAQ	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	ChileAQ	1990	only	-	Mar	18	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	1990	only	-	Sep	16	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	ChileAQ	1991	1996	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	1991	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	ChileAQ	1997	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	1998	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	1998	only	-	Sep	27	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	ChileAQ	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	1999	2010	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	ChileAQ	2000	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
-# N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
-# which is used below in specifying the transition.
-Rule	ChileAQ	2008	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	2009	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	2010	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	2011	only	-	May	Sun>=2	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	2011	only	-	Aug	Sun>=16	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	ChileAQ	2012	2015	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	2012	2014	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
-
 # Argentina - year-round bases
 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
 # Carlini, Potter Cove, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
@@ -344,21 +309,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Rothera	0	-	zzz	1976 Dec  1
 # USA - year-round bases
 #
 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
-#
-# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
-# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
-# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
-# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
-# Palmer has followed Chile.  Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
-# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
-#
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	zzz	1965
-			-4:00	ArgAQ	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	ArgAQ	AR%sT	1982 May
-			-4:00	ChileAQ	CL%sT	2015 Apr 26 3:00u
-			-3:00	-	CLT
-#
+# See 'southamerica' for Antarctica/Palmer, since it uses South American DST.
 #
 # McMurdo Station, Ross Island, since 1955-12
 # Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/backward b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/backward
index 3ceda88..8b0fef5 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/backward
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/backward
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Link	America/Argentina/Jujuy	America/Jujuy
 Link	America/Indiana/Knox	America/Knox_IN
 Link	America/Kentucky/Louisville	America/Louisville
 Link	America/Argentina/Mendoza	America/Mendoza
+Link	America/Toronto		America/Montreal
 Link	America/Rio_Branco	America/Porto_Acre
 Link	America/Argentina/Cordoba	America/Rosario
 Link	America/Denver		America/Shiprock
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/backzone b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/backzone
index 31a3f5a..6b392bd 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/backzone
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/backzone
@@ -311,6 +311,46 @@ Zone	America/Grenada	-4:07:00 -	LMT	1911 Jul # St George's
 Zone America/Guadeloupe	-4:06:08 -	LMT	1911 Jun  8 # Pointe-à-Pitre
 			-4:00	 -	AST
 
+# Canada
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
+# Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto; see
+# America/Toronto.  However, earlier versions of the tz database
+# mistakenly relied on data from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec
+# differed from Ontario after 1970, and the following rules and zone
+# were created for most of Quebec from the incorrect Shanks &
+# Pottenger data.  The post-1970 entries have been corrected, but the
+# pre-1970 entries are unchecked and probably have errors.
+#
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Apr	24	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Mar	31	2:30	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Oct	25	2:30	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1920	only	-	May	 2	2:30	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1920	1922	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:30	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1921	only	-	May	 1	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1922	only	-	Apr	30	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1924	only	-	May	17	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1924	1926	-	Sep	lastSun	2:30	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1925	1926	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Apr	lastSat	24:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Sep	lastSat	24:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1938	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1946	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1945	1948	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1949	1950	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1951	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1957	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
+			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1918
+			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
+			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
+			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
+			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1974
+			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
+
 # Montserrat
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/checktab.awk b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/checktab.awk
index cf2c726..de98299 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/checktab.awk
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/checktab.awk
@@ -9,9 +9,6 @@ BEGIN {
 	if (!zone_table) zone_table = "zone1970.tab"
 	if (!want_warnings) want_warnings = -1
 
-	# A special (and we hope temporary) case.
-	tztab["America/Montreal"] = 1
-
 	while (getline <iso_table) {
 		iso_NR++
 		if ($0 ~ /^#/) continue
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/europe b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/europe
index 4109723..c64c41b 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/europe
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/europe
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
 #        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
 #        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
 #        3:00       FET           Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)*
-#        3:00       MSK MSD  MSM* Moscow
+#        3:00       MSK MSD  MSM* Minsk, Moscow
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/northamerica b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/northamerica
index 77463da..c3af9eb 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/northamerica
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/northamerica
@@ -227,9 +227,14 @@ Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
-# Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced the abbreviation
-# "Chamorro Standard Time" for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.
-# See the file "australasia".
+# Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced ... "Chamorro Standard Time"
+# for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.  See the file "australasia".
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-17):
+# HST and HDT are standardized abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian
+# standard and daylight times.  See section 9.47 (p 234) of the
+# U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008)
+# http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008/pdf/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008.pdf
 
 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
@@ -536,7 +541,7 @@ Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			-11:00	-	BST	1969
 			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Nov 30
-			-10:00	US	HA%sT
+			-10:00	US	H%sT
 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
 #
 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
@@ -1331,14 +1336,9 @@ Zone America/Moncton	-4:19:08 -	LMT	1883 Dec  9
 
 # Quebec
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-30):
-# Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto.
-# However, because earlier versions of the tz database mistakenly relied on data
-# from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec differed from Ontario after 1970,
-# a separate entry was created for most of Quebec.  We're loath to lose
-# its pre-1970 info, even though the tz database is normally limited to
-# zones that differ after 1970, so keep this otherwise out-of-scope entry.
-
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
+# See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal.
+#
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
@@ -1352,39 +1352,10 @@ Zone America/Moncton	-4:19:08 -	LMT	1883 Dec  9
 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
 
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Apr	24	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Mar	31	2:30	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Oct	25	2:30	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1920	only	-	May	 2	2:30	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1920	1922	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:30	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1921	only	-	May	 1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1922	only	-	Apr	30	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1924	only	-	May	17	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1924	1926	-	Sep	lastSun	2:30	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1925	1926	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Apr	lastSat	24:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Sep	lastSat	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1938	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1946	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1945	1948	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1949	1950	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1951	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1957	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -	LMT	1884
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1970
 			-4:00	-	AST
-Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
-			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1918
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
-			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
-			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1974
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 
 # Ontario
 
@@ -1875,17 +1846,115 @@ Zone America/Creston	-7:46:04 -	LMT	1884
 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
 #	* 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
-#	c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9.  This is still valid;
+#	c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9....
 #	see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
+#	[http://canlii.ca/t/7vhg]
 #	* C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
 #	* O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
 #	* O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
-# Shanks & Pottenger say Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go
-# with Englander.
-# From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
-# Here is a link to the old daylight saving portion of the interpretation
-# act which was last updated in 1987:
-# http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic1987_056.pdf
+
+# From Brian Inglis (2015-04-14):
+#
+# I tried to trace the history of Yukon time and found the following
+# regulations, giving the reference title and URL if found, regulation name,
+# and relevant quote if available.  Each regulation specifically revokes its
+# predecessor.  The final reference is to the current Interpretation Act
+# authorizing and resulting from these regulatory changes.
+#
+# Only recent regulations were retrievable via Yukon government site search or
+# index, and only some via Canadian legal sources.  Other sources used include
+# articles titled "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" from JRASC via ADS
+# Abstracts, cited by ADO for 1932 ..., and updated versions from 1958 and
+# 1970 quoted below; each article includes current extracts from provincial
+# and territorial ST and DST regulations at the end, summaries and details of
+# standard times and daylight saving time at many locations across Canada,
+# with time zone maps, tables and calculations for Canadian Sunrise, Sunset,
+# and LMST; they also cover many countries and global locations, with a chart
+# and table showing current Universal Time offsets, and may be useful as
+# another source of information for 1970 and earlier.
+#
+# * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; JRASC, Vol. 26,
+#   pp.49-77; February 1932; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
+#   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JRASC..26...49S from p.75:
+#   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance
+#   Yukon standard time is the local mean time at the one hundred and
+#   thirty-fifth meridian.
+#
+# * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; Thomson, Malcolm M.;
+#   JRASC, Vol. 52, pp.193-223; October 1958; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
+#   (ADS) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958JRASC..52..193S from pp.220-1:
+#   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance, 1955, Chap. 16.
+#
+#     (1) Subject to this section, standard time shall be reckoned as nine
+#     hours behind Greenwich Time and called Yukon Standard Time.
+#
+#     (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Commissioner may make regulations
+#     varying the manner of reckoning standard time.
+#
+# * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance
+#   http://? - no online source found
+#
+# * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC,
+#   Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
+#   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970JRASC..64..129T from p.156: Yukon
+#   Territory Commissioner's Order 1967-59 Interpretation Ordinance ...
+#
+#     1. Commissioner's Order 1966-20 dated at Whitehorse in the Yukon
+#     Territory on 27th January, 1966, is hereby revoked.
+#
+#     2. Yukon (East) Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the
+#     Interpretation Ordinance from and after mid-night on the 28th day of May,
+#     1967 shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that
+#     is to say, eight hours behind Greenwich Time in the area of the Yukon
+#     Territory lying east of the 138th degree longitude west.
+#
+#     3. In the remainder of the Territory, lying west of the 138th degree
+#     longitude west, Yukon (West) Standard Time shall be reckoned as nine
+#     hours behind Greenwich Time.
+#
+# * Yukon Standard Time defined as Pacific Standard Time, YCO 1973/214
+#   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yco-1973-214/latest/yco-1973-214.html
+#   C.O. 1973/214 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
+#
+#     1. Effective October 28, 1973 Commissioner's Order 1967/59 is hereby
+#     revoked.
+#
+#     2. Yukon Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the Interpretation
+#     Act from and after midnight on the twenty-eighth day of October, 1973
+#     shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that is
+#     to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time.
+#
+# * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT
+#   http://? - no online source found
+#
+# * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56
+#   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html
+#   O.I.C. 1987/056 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
+#
+#   In every year between
+#     (a) two o'clock in the morning in the first Sunday in April, and
+#     (b) two o'clock in the morning in the last Sunday in October,
+#   Standard Time shall be reckoned as seven hours behind Greenwich Time and
+#   called Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
+#   ...
+#   Dated ... 9th day of March, A.D., 1987.
+#
+# * Yukon Daylight Saving Time 2006, YOIC 2006/127
+#   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-2006-127/latest/yoic-2006-127.html
+#   O.I.C. 2006/127 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
+#
+#     1. In Yukon each year the time for general purposes shall be 7 hours
+#     behind Greenwich mean time during the period commencing at two o'clock
+#     in the forenoon on the second Sunday of March and ending at two o'clock
+#     in the forenoon on the first Sunday of November and shall be called
+#     Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
+#
+#     2. Order-in-Council 1987/56 is revoked.
+#
+#     3. This order comes into force January 1, 2007.
+#
+# * Interpretation Act, RSY 2002, c 125
+# http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/stat/rsy-2002-c-125/latest/rsy-2002-c-125.html
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
@@ -2111,7 +2180,7 @@ Zone America/Inuvik	0	-	zzz	1953 # Inuvik founded
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 Zone America/Whitehorse	-9:00:12 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
-			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1966 Jul  1  2:00
+			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1967 May 28  0:00
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1980
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/private.h b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/private.h
index de9c13e..61cf922 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/private.h
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/private.h
@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@
 #define HAVE_SETTIMEOFDAY	3
 #endif /* !defined HAVE_SETTIMEOFDAY */
 
+#ifndef HAVE_STRDUP
+#define HAVE_STRDUP 1
+#endif
+
 #ifndef HAVE_SYMLINK
 #define HAVE_SYMLINK		1
 #endif /* !defined HAVE_SYMLINK */
@@ -449,14 +453,6 @@ time_t time2posix_z(timezone_t, time_t) ATTRIBUTE_PURE;
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Private function declarations.
-*/
-
-char *		icatalloc(char * old, const char * new);
-char *		icpyalloc(const char * string);
-const char *	scheck(const char * string, const char * format);
-
-/*
 ** Finally, some convenience items.
 */
 
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/southamerica b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/southamerica
index 77e3584..be63a88 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/southamerica
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/southamerica
@@ -1098,6 +1098,60 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 
 # Chile
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-03):
+# Shanks & Pottenger says America/Santiago introduced standard time in
+# 1890 and rounds its UTC offset to 70W40; guess that in practice this
+# was the same offset as in 1916-1919.  It also says Pacific/Easter
+# standardized on 109W22 in 1890; assume this didn't change the clocks.
+#
+# Dates for America/Santiago from 1910 to 2004 are primarily from
+# the following source, cited by Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08):
+# [1] Chile Law
+# http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/chile.html
+# This contains a copy of a this official table:
+# Cambios en la hora oficial de Chile desde 1900 (retrieved 2008-03-30)
+# http://web.archive.org/web/20080330200901/http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
+# [1] needs several corrections, though.
+#
+# The first set of corrections is from:
+# [2] History of the Official Time of Chile
+# http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html (retrieved 2012-03-06).  See:
+# http://web.archive.org/web/20120306042032/http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html
+# This is an English translation of:
+# Historia de la hora oficial de Chile (retrieved 2012-10-24).  See:
+# http://web.archive.org/web/20121024234627/http://www.horaoficial.cl/horaof.htm
+# A fancier Spanish version (requiring mouse-clicking) is at:
+# http://www.horaoficial.cl/historia_hora.html
+# Conflicts between [1] and [2] were resolved as follows:
+#
+#  - [1] says the 1910 transition was Jan 1, [2] says Jan 10 and cites
+#    Boletín Nº 1, Aviso Nº 1 (1910).  Go with [2].
+#
+#  - [1] says SMT was -4:42:45, [2] says Chile's official time from
+#    1916 to 1919 was -4:42:46.3, the meridian of Chile's National
+#    Astronomical Observatory (OAN), then located in what is now
+#    Quinta Normal in Santiago.  Go with [2], rounding it to -4:42:46.
+#
+#  - [1] says the 1918 transition was Sep 1, [2] says Sep 10 and cites
+#    Boletín Nº 22, Aviso Nº 129/1918 (1918-08-23).  Go with [2].
+#
+#  - [1] does not give times for transitions; assume they occur
+#    at midnight mainland time, the current common practice.  However,
+#    go with [2]'s specification of 23:00 for the 1947-05-21 transition.
+#
+# Another correction to [1] is from Jesper Nørgaard Welen, who
+# wrote (2006-10-08), "I think that there are some obvious mistakes in
+# the suggested link from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66
+# says that GMT-4 ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at
+# 1990-09-15 (they should have been 1990-09-15 and 1990-09-16
+# respectively), but anyhow it clears up some doubts too."
+#
+# Data for Pacific/Easter from 1910 through 1967 come from Shanks &
+# Pottenger.  After that, for lack of better info assume
+# Pacific/Easter is always two hours behind America/Santiago;
+# this is known to work for DST transitions starting in 2008 and
+# may well be true for earlier transitions.
+
 # From Eduardo Krell (1995-10-19):
 # The law says to switch to DST at midnight [24:00] on the second SATURDAY
 # of October....  The law is the same for March and October.
@@ -1110,78 +1164,35 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
 # on April 3, (one-time change).
 
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08):
-# http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-08):
-# I think that there are some obvious mistakes in the suggested link
-# from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66 says that GMT-4
-# ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at 1990-09-15
-# (they should have been 1990-09-15 and 1990-09-16 respectively), but
-# anyhow it clears up some doubts too.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
-# The following data entries for Chile and America/Santiago are from
-# <http://www.horaoficial.cl/horaof.htm> (2006-09-20), transcribed by
-# Jesper Nørgaard Welen.  The data entries for Pacific/Easter are from Shanks
-# & Pottenger, except with DST transitions after 1932 cloned from
-# America/Santiago.  The pre-1980 Pacific/Easter data entries are dubious,
-# but we have no other source.
-
 # From Germán Poo-Caamaño (2008-03-03):
 # Due to drought, Chile extends Daylight Time in three weeks.  This
 # is one-time change (Saturday 3/29 at 24:00 for America/Santiago
 # and Saturday 3/29 at 22:00 for Pacific/Easter)
 # The Supreme Decree is located at
 # http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf
-# and the instructions for 2008 are located in:
-# http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
-
+#
 # From José Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
-# ...
-# You could see the announces of the change on
 # http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm
 
 # From Angel Chiang (2010-03-04):
 # Subject: DST in Chile exceptionally extended to 3 April due to earthquake
 # http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewNoticia.aspx?idArticulo=30098
-# (in Spanish, last paragraph).
 #
-# This is breaking news. There should be more information available later.
-
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-03-06):
 # Angel Chiang's message confirmed by Julio Pacheco; Julio provided a patch.
 
-# From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-02):
-# It appears that the Chilean government has decided to postpone the
-# change from summer time to winter time again, by three weeks to April
-# 2nd:
-# http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=467651
-#
-# This is not yet reflected in the official "cambio de hora" site, but
-# probably will be soon:
-# http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-03-02):
-# The emol.com article mentions a water shortage as the cause of the
-# postponement, which may mean that it's not a permanent change.
-
 # From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-28):
-# The article:
 # http://diario.elmercurio.com/2011/03/28/_portada/_portada/noticias/7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E.htm?id=3D{7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E}
-#
 # In English:
 # Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
 # of this Saturday. They will go forward again the 3rd Saturday in
-# August, not in October as they have since 1968. This is a pilot plan
-# which will be reevaluated in 2012.
+# August, not in October as they have since 1968.
 
 # From Mauricio Parada (2012-02-22), translated by Glenn Eychaner (2012-02-23):
 # As stated in the website of the Chilean Energy Ministry
 # http://www.minenergia.cl/ministerio/noticias/generales/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de.html
 # The Chilean Government has decided to postpone the entrance into winter time
-# (to leave DST) from March 11 2012 to April 28th 2012. The decision has not
-# been yet formalized but it will within the next days.
+# (to leave DST) from March 11 2012 to April 28th 2012....
 # Quote from the website communication:
 #
 # 6. For the year 2012, the dates of entry into winter time will be as follows:
@@ -1214,17 +1225,9 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
 # For now, assume that the extension will persist indefinitely.
 
-# NOTE: ChileAQ rules for Antarctic bases are stored separately in the
-# 'antarctica' file.
-
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Chile	1927	1932	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1942	only	-	Jun	 1	4:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1942	only	-	Aug	 1	5:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	1946	only	-	Jul	15	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	1946	only	-	Sep	 1	3:00u	0:00	-
-Rule	Chile	1947	only	-	Apr	 1	4:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1968	only	-	Nov	 3	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1969	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1969	only	-	Nov	23	4:00u	1:00	S
@@ -1235,10 +1238,8 @@ Rule	Chile	1972	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1973	only	-	Sep	30	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1974	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1987	only	-	Apr	12	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1988	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1988	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	1990	only	-	Mar	18	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	Chile	1988	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	Chile	1988	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1990	only	-	Sep	16	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1991	1996	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1991	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
@@ -1261,15 +1262,21 @@ Rule	Chile	2012	2014	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
 # (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:46 -	LMT	1890
-			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1910        # Santiago Mean Time
+			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1910 Jan 10 # Santiago Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	CLT	1916 Jul  1 # Chile Time
-			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1918 Sep  1 # Santiago Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	CLT	1919 Jul  1 # Chile Time
-			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1927 Sep  1 # Santiago Mean Time
-			-5:00	Chile	CL%sT	1947 May 22 # Chile Time
+			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1918 Sep 10
+			-4:00	-	CLT	1919 Jul  1
+			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1927 Sep  1
+			-5:00	Chile	CL%sT	1932 Sep  1
+			-4:00	-	CLT	1942 Jun  1
+			-5:00	-	CLT	1942 Aug  1
+			-4:00	-	CLT	1946 Jul 15
+			-4:00	1:00	CLST	1946 Sep  1 # central Chile
+			-4:00	-	CLT	1947 Apr  1
+			-5:00	-	CLT	1947 May 21 23:00
 			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT	2015 Apr 26  3:00u
 			-3:00	-	CLT
-Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:44 -	LMT	1890
+Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890
 			-7:17:28 -	EMT	1932 Sep    # Easter Mean Time
 			-7:00	Chile	EAS%sT	1982 Mar 14 3:00u # Easter Time
 			-6:00	Chile	EAS%sT	2015 Apr 26 3:00u
@@ -1279,6 +1286,25 @@ Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:44 -	LMT	1890
 # Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is,
 # and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
 
+# Antarctic base using South American rules
+# (See the file 'antarctica' for more.)
+#
+# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
+#
+# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
+# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
+# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
+# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
+# Palmer has followed Chile.  Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
+# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
+#
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	zzz	1965
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1982 May
+			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT	2015 Apr 26 3:00u
+			-3:00	-	CLT
+
 # Colombia
 
 # Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899; round to nearest.  He writes,
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/tz-link.htm b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/tz-link.htm
index 092da5f..242be84 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/tz-link.htm
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/tz-link.htm
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="UTF-8"'>
 <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Eggert, Paul">
 <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Olson, Arthur David">
-<meta name="DC.Date" content="2015-01-29">
+<meta name="DC.Date" content="2015-03-25">
 <meta name="DC.Description"
  content="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time">
 <meta name="DC.Identifier"
@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@ multiple time zones.</li>
 <li><a href="http://www.zeitverschiebung.net/en/">Time Difference</a>
 calculates the current time difference between locations.</li>
 <li><a href="http://www.wx-now.com">Weather Now</a> lists the weather too.</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.thetimenow.com">The Time Now</a> also lists weather.</li>
 <li><a href="http://worldtime.io">worldtime.io</a>
 also contains data about time zone boundaries; it supports queries via place
 names and shows location maps.</li>
@@ -282,6 +283,10 @@ and from <abbr title="Common Locale Data Repository">CLDR</abbr> data
 into an <abbr>ICU</abbr>-specific format.
 <abbr>ICU</abbr> is freely available under a
 <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
+<li>The <a
+href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/tzupdater-readme-136440.html">TZUpdater
+tool</a> compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into the format used by
+Oracle Java.</li>
 <li><a href="http://www.joda.org/joda-time/">Joda-Time &ndash; Java date
 and time <abbr title="Application Program Interface">API</abbr></a>
 contains a class
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/zic.c b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/zic.c
index 5d0501d..636649b 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/zic.c
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/zic.c
@@ -31,8 +31,6 @@ typedef int_fast64_t	zic_t;
 #define MKDIR_UMASK 0755
 #endif
 
-#define end(cp)	(strchr((cp), '\0'))
-
 struct rule {
 	const char *	r_filename;
 	int		r_linenum;
@@ -368,18 +366,40 @@ size_product(size_t nitems, size_t itemsize)
 	return nitems * itemsize;
 }
 
+#if !HAVE_STRDUP
+static char *
+strdup(char const *str)
+{
+  char *result = malloc(strlen(str) + 1);
+  return result ? strcpy(result, str) : result;
+}
+#endif
+
 static ATTRIBUTE_PURE void *
-memcheck(void *const ptr)
+memcheck(void *ptr)
 {
 	if (ptr == NULL)
 		memory_exhausted(strerror(errno));
 	return ptr;
 }
 
-#define emalloc(size)		memcheck(malloc(size))
-#define erealloc(ptr, size)	memcheck(realloc(ptr, size))
-#define ecpyalloc(ptr)		memcheck(icpyalloc(ptr))
-#define ecatalloc(oldp, newp)	memcheck(icatalloc((oldp), (newp)))
+static void *
+emalloc(size_t size)
+{
+  return memcheck(malloc(size));
+}
+
+static void *
+erealloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+  return memcheck(realloc(ptr, size));
+}
+
+static char *
+ecpyalloc (char const *str)
+{
+  return memcheck(strdup(str));
+}
 
 static void *
 growalloc(void *ptr, size_t itemsize, int nitems, int *nitems_alloc)
@@ -634,6 +654,11 @@ componentcheck(char const *name, char const *component,
 {
 	enum { component_len_max = 14 };
 	size_t component_len = component_end - component;
+	if (component_len == 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: file name '%s' contains empty component"),
+			progname, name);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
 	if (0 < component_len && component_len <= 2
 	    && component[0] == '.' && component_end[-1] == '.') {
 		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: file name '%s' contains"
@@ -686,6 +711,21 @@ namecheck(const char *name)
 	componentcheck(name, component, cp);
 }
 
+static char *
+relname(char const *dir, char const *base)
+{
+  if (*base == '/')
+    return ecpyalloc(base);
+  else {
+    size_t dir_len = strlen(dir);
+    bool needs_slash = dir_len && dir[dir_len - 1] != '/';
+    char *result = emalloc(dir_len + needs_slash + strlen(base) + 1);
+    result[dir_len] = '/';
+    strcpy(result + dir_len + needs_slash, base);
+    return memcpy(result, dir, dir_len);
+  }
+}
+
 static void
 dolink(const char *const fromfield, const char *const tofield)
 {
@@ -694,20 +734,8 @@ dolink(const char *const fromfield, const char *const tofield)
 	register int fromisdir;
 
 	namecheck(tofield);
-	if (fromfield[0] == '/')
-		fromname = ecpyalloc(fromfield);
-	else {
-		fromname = ecpyalloc(directory);
-		fromname = ecatalloc(fromname, "/");
-		fromname = ecatalloc(fromname, fromfield);
-	}
-	if (tofield[0] == '/')
-		toname = ecpyalloc(tofield);
-	else {
-		toname = ecpyalloc(directory);
-		toname = ecatalloc(toname, "/");
-		toname = ecatalloc(toname, tofield);
-	}
+	fromname = relname(directory, fromfield);
+	toname = relname(directory, tofield);
 	/*
 	** We get to be careful here since
 	** there's a fair chance of root running us.
@@ -731,6 +759,8 @@ dolink(const char *const fromfield, const char *const tofield)
 		if (result != 0) {
 				const char *s = fromfield;
 				const char *t;
+				char *p;
+				size_t dotdots = 0;
 				register char * symlinkcontents = NULL;
 
 				do
@@ -739,13 +769,13 @@ dolink(const char *const fromfield, const char *const tofield)
 				       && ! strncmp (fromfield, tofield,
 						     ++s - fromfield));
 
-				for (s = tofield + (t - fromfield);
-				     (s = strchr(s, '/'));
-				     s++)
-					symlinkcontents =
-						ecatalloc(symlinkcontents,
-						"../");
-				symlinkcontents = ecatalloc(symlinkcontents, t);
+				for (s = tofield + (t - fromfield); *s; s++)
+				  dotdots += *s == '/';
+				symlinkcontents
+				  = emalloc(3 * dotdots + strlen(t) + 1);
+				for (p = symlinkcontents; dotdots-- != 0; p += 3)
+				  memcpy(p, "../", 3);
+				strcpy(p, t);
 				result = symlink(symlinkcontents, toname);
 				if (result == 0)
 warning(_("hard link failed, symbolic link used"));
@@ -828,7 +858,7 @@ itsdir(const char *const name)
 	return S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) != 0;
 #else
 	{
-		char *nameslashdot = ecatalloc(ecpyalloc(name), "/.");
+		char *nameslashdot = relname(name, ".");
 		res = stat(nameslashdot, &st);
 		free(nameslashdot);
 		return res == 0;
@@ -1023,6 +1053,7 @@ gethms(char const *string, char const *errstring, bool signable)
 {
 	zic_t	hh;
 	int	mm, ss, sign;
+	char xs;
 
 	if (string == NULL || *string == '\0')
 		return 0;
@@ -1032,12 +1063,12 @@ gethms(char const *string, char const *errstring, bool signable)
 		sign = -1;
 		++string;
 	} else	sign = 1;
-	if (sscanf(string, scheck(string, "%"SCNdZIC), &hh) == 1)
+	if (sscanf(string, "%"SCNdZIC"%c", &hh, &xs) == 1)
 		mm = ss = 0;
-	else if (sscanf(string, scheck(string, "%"SCNdZIC":%d"), &hh, &mm) == 2)
+	else if (sscanf(string, "%"SCNdZIC":%d%c", &hh, &mm, &xs) == 2)
 		ss = 0;
-	else if (sscanf(string, scheck(string, "%"SCNdZIC":%d:%d"),
-		&hh, &mm, &ss) != 3) {
+	else if (sscanf(string, "%"SCNdZIC":%d:%d%c", &hh, &mm, &ss, &xs)
+		 != 3) {
 			error("%s", errstring);
 			return 0;
 	}
@@ -1215,6 +1246,7 @@ inleap(register char ** const fields, const int nfields)
 	int				month, day;
 	zic_t				dayoff, tod;
 	zic_t				t;
+	char xs;
 
 	if (nfields != LEAP_FIELDS) {
 		error(_("wrong number of fields on Leap line"));
@@ -1222,7 +1254,7 @@ inleap(register char ** const fields, const int nfields)
 	}
 	dayoff = 0;
 	cp = fields[LP_YEAR];
-	if (sscanf(cp, scheck(cp, "%"SCNdZIC), &year) != 1) {
+	if (sscanf(cp, "%"SCNdZIC"%c", &year, &xs) != 1) {
 		/*
 		** Leapin' Lizards!
 		*/
@@ -1257,7 +1289,7 @@ inleap(register char ** const fields, const int nfields)
 		++j;
 	}
 	cp = fields[LP_DAY];
-	if (sscanf(cp, scheck(cp, "%d"), &day) != 1 ||
+	if (sscanf(cp, "%d%c", &day, &xs) != 1 ||
 		day <= 0 || day > len_months[isleap(year)][month]) {
 			error(_("invalid day of month"));
 			return;
@@ -1347,6 +1379,7 @@ rulesub(register struct rule *const rp,
 	register const char *		cp;
 	register char *			dp;
 	register char *			ep;
+	char xs;
 
 	if ((lp = byword(monthp, mon_names)) == NULL) {
 		error(_("invalid month name"));
@@ -1398,7 +1431,7 @@ rulesub(register struct rule *const rp,
 				_("%s: panic: Invalid l_value %d\n"),
 				progname, lp->l_value);
 			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-	} else if (sscanf(cp, scheck(cp, "%"SCNdZIC), &rp->r_loyear) != 1) {
+	} else if (sscanf(cp, "%"SCNdZIC"%c", &rp->r_loyear, &xs) != 1) {
 		error(_("invalid starting year"));
 		return;
 	}
@@ -1420,7 +1453,7 @@ rulesub(register struct rule *const rp,
 				_("%s: panic: Invalid l_value %d\n"),
 				progname, lp->l_value);
 			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-	} else if (sscanf(cp, scheck(cp, "%"SCNdZIC), &rp->r_hiyear) != 1) {
+	} else if (sscanf(cp, "%"SCNdZIC"%c", &rp->r_hiyear, &xs) != 1) {
 		error(_("invalid ending year"));
 		return;
 	}
@@ -1473,7 +1506,7 @@ rulesub(register struct rule *const rp,
 			}
 			rp->r_wday = lp->l_value;
 		}
-		if (sscanf(ep, scheck(ep, "%d"), &rp->r_dayofmonth) != 1 ||
+		if (sscanf(ep, "%d%c", &rp->r_dayofmonth, &xs) != 1 ||
 			rp->r_dayofmonth <= 0 ||
 			(rp->r_dayofmonth > len_months[1][rp->r_month])) {
 				error(_("invalid day of month"));
@@ -1547,7 +1580,7 @@ writezone(const char *const name, const char *const string, char version)
 	register int			leapcnt32, leapi32;
 	register int			timecnt32, timei32;
 	register int			pass;
-	static char *			fullname;
+	char *				fullname;
 	static const struct tzhead	tzh0;
 	static struct tzhead		tzh;
 	zic_t *ats = emalloc(size_product(timecnt, sizeof *ats + 1));
@@ -1633,9 +1666,7 @@ writezone(const char *const name, const char *const string, char version)
 		--leapcnt32;
 		++leapi32;
 	}
-	fullname = erealloc(fullname,
-			    strlen(directory) + 1 + strlen(name) + 1);
-	sprintf(fullname, "%s/%s", directory, name);
+	fullname = relname(directory, name);
 	/*
 	** Remove old file, if any, to snap links.
 	*/
@@ -1850,15 +1881,16 @@ writezone(const char *const name, const char *const string, char version)
 	fprintf(fp, "\n%s\n", string);
 	close_file(fp, fullname);
 	free(ats);
+	free(fullname);
 }
 
-static void
+static size_t
 doabbr(char *const abbr, const char *const format, const char *const letters,
        bool isdst, bool doquotes)
 {
 	register char *	cp;
 	register char *	slashp;
-	register int	len;
+	register size_t	len;
 
 	slashp = strchr(format, '/');
 	if (slashp == NULL) {
@@ -1871,18 +1903,18 @@ doabbr(char *const abbr, const char *const format, const char *const letters,
 		memcpy(abbr, format, slashp - format);
 		abbr[slashp - format] = '\0';
 	}
+	len = strlen(abbr);
 	if (!doquotes)
-		return;
+		return len;
 	for (cp = abbr; is_alpha(*cp); cp++)
 		continue;
-	len = strlen(abbr);
 	if (len > 0 && *cp == '\0')
-		return;
+		return len;
 	abbr[len + 2] = '\0';
 	abbr[len + 1] = '>';
-	for ( ; len > 0; --len)
-		abbr[len] = abbr[len - 1];
+	memmove(abbr + 1, abbr, len);
 	abbr[0] = '<';
+	return len + 2;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1894,17 +1926,18 @@ updateminmax(const zic_t x)
 		max_year = x;
 }
 
-static bool
+static int
 stringoffset(char *result, zic_t offset)
 {
 	register int	hours;
 	register int	minutes;
 	register int	seconds;
+	bool negative = offset < 0;
+	int len = negative;
 
-	result[0] = '\0';
-	if (offset < 0) {
-		strcpy(result, "-");
+	if (negative) {
 		offset = -offset;
+		result[0] = '-';
 	}
 	seconds = offset % SECSPERMIN;
 	offset /= SECSPERMIN;
@@ -1913,15 +1946,15 @@ stringoffset(char *result, zic_t offset)
 	hours = offset;
 	if (hours >= HOURSPERDAY * DAYSPERWEEK) {
 		result[0] = '\0';
-		return false;
+		return 0;
 	}
-	sprintf(end(result), "%d", hours);
+	len += sprintf(result + len, "%d", hours);
 	if (minutes != 0 || seconds != 0) {
-		sprintf(end(result), ":%02d", minutes);
+		len += sprintf(result + len, ":%02d", minutes);
 		if (seconds != 0)
-			sprintf(end(result), ":%02d", seconds);
+			len += sprintf(result + len, ":%02d", seconds);
 	}
-	return true;
+	return len;
 }
 
 static int
@@ -1931,7 +1964,6 @@ stringrule(char *result, const struct rule *const rp, const zic_t dstoff,
 	register zic_t	tod = rp->r_tod;
 	register int	compat = 0;
 
-	result = end(result);
 	if (rp->r_dycode == DC_DOM) {
 		register int	month, total;
 
@@ -1942,9 +1974,9 @@ stringrule(char *result, const struct rule *const rp, const zic_t dstoff,
 			total += len_months[0][month];
 		/* Omit the "J" in Jan and Feb, as that's shorter.  */
 		if (rp->r_month <= 1)
-		  sprintf(result, "%d", total + rp->r_dayofmonth - 1);
+		  result += sprintf(result, "%d", total + rp->r_dayofmonth - 1);
 		else
-		  sprintf(result, "J%d", total + rp->r_dayofmonth);
+		  result += sprintf(result, "J%d", total + rp->r_dayofmonth);
 	} else {
 		register int	week;
 		register int	wday = rp->r_wday;
@@ -1971,16 +2003,16 @@ stringrule(char *result, const struct rule *const rp, const zic_t dstoff,
 		} else	return -1;	/* "cannot happen" */
 		if (wday < 0)
 			wday += DAYSPERWEEK;
-		sprintf(result, "M%d.%d.%d",
-			rp->r_month + 1, week, wday);
+		result += sprintf(result, "M%d.%d.%d",
+				  rp->r_month + 1, week, wday);
 	}
 	if (rp->r_todisgmt)
 		tod += gmtoff;
 	if (rp->r_todisstd && rp->r_stdoff == 0)
 		tod += dstoff;
 	if (tod != 2 * SECSPERMIN * MINSPERHOUR) {
-		strcat(result, "/");
-		if (! stringoffset(end(result), tod))
+		*result++ = '/';
+		if (! stringoffset(result, tod))
 			return -1;
 		if (tod < 0) {
 			if (compat < 2013)
@@ -2020,6 +2052,8 @@ stringzone(char *result, const struct zone *const zpfirst, const int zonecount)
 	register const char *		abbrvar;
 	register int			compat = 0;
 	register int			c;
+	size_t				len;
+	int				offsetlen;
 	struct rule			stdr, dstr;
 
 	result[0] = '\0';
@@ -2087,30 +2121,36 @@ stringzone(char *result, const struct zone *const zpfirst, const int zonecount)
 	if (stdrp == NULL && (zp->z_nrules != 0 || zp->z_stdoff != 0))
 		return -1;
 	abbrvar = (stdrp == NULL) ? "" : stdrp->r_abbrvar;
-	doabbr(result, zp->z_format, abbrvar, false, true);
-	if (! stringoffset(end(result), -zp->z_gmtoff)) {
+	len = doabbr(result, zp->z_format, abbrvar, false, true);
+	offsetlen = stringoffset(result + len, -zp->z_gmtoff);
+	if (! offsetlen) {
 		result[0] = '\0';
 		return -1;
 	}
+	len += offsetlen;
 	if (dstrp == NULL)
 		return compat;
-	doabbr(end(result), zp->z_format, dstrp->r_abbrvar, true, true);
-	if (dstrp->r_stdoff != SECSPERMIN * MINSPERHOUR)
-		if (! stringoffset(end(result),
-				   -(zp->z_gmtoff + dstrp->r_stdoff))) {
-				result[0] = '\0';
-				return -1;
-		}
-	strcat(result, ",");
-	c = stringrule(result, dstrp, dstrp->r_stdoff, zp->z_gmtoff);
+	len += doabbr(result + len, zp->z_format, dstrp->r_abbrvar, true, true);
+	if (dstrp->r_stdoff != SECSPERMIN * MINSPERHOUR) {
+	  offsetlen = stringoffset(result + len,
+				   -(zp->z_gmtoff + dstrp->r_stdoff));
+	  if (! offsetlen) {
+	    result[0] = '\0';
+	    return -1;
+	  }
+	  len += offsetlen;
+	}
+	result[len++] = ',';
+	c = stringrule(result + len, dstrp, dstrp->r_stdoff, zp->z_gmtoff);
 	if (c < 0) {
 		result[0] = '\0';
 		return -1;
 	}
 	if (compat < c)
 		compat = c;
-	strcat(result, ",");
-	c = stringrule(result, stdrp, dstrp->r_stdoff, zp->z_gmtoff);
+	len += strlen(result + len);
+	result[len++] = ',';
+	c = stringrule(result + len, stdrp, dstrp->r_stdoff, zp->z_gmtoff);
 	if (c < 0) {
 		result[0] = '\0';
 		return -1;
@@ -2718,28 +2758,38 @@ getfields(register char *cp)
 	return array;
 }
 
+static _Noreturn void
+time_overflow(void)
+{
+  error(_("time overflow"));
+  exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
 static ATTRIBUTE_PURE zic_t
 oadd(const zic_t t1, const zic_t t2)
 {
-	if (t1 < 0 ? t2 < ZIC_MIN - t1 : ZIC_MAX - t1 < t2) {
-		error(_("time overflow"));
-		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-	}
+	if (t1 < 0 ? t2 < ZIC_MIN - t1 : ZIC_MAX - t1 < t2)
+	  time_overflow();
 	return t1 + t2;
 }
 
 static ATTRIBUTE_PURE zic_t
 tadd(const zic_t t1, const zic_t t2)
 {
-	if (t1 == max_time && t2 > 0)
-		return max_time;
-	if (t1 == min_time && t2 < 0)
-		return min_time;
-	if (t1 < 0 ? t2 < min_time - t1 : max_time - t1 < t2) {
-		error(_("time overflow"));
-		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-	}
-	return t1 + t2;
+  if (t1 < 0) {
+    if (t2 < min_time - t1) {
+      if (t1 != min_time)
+	time_overflow();
+      return min_time;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (max_time - t1 < t2) {
+      if (t1 != max_time)
+	time_overflow();
+      return max_time;
+    }
+  }
+  return t1 + t2;
 }
 
 /*