Import 2014j

13 files changed, 301 insertions, 202 deletions

diff --git a/.bzrignore b/.bzrignore
index fab5017..2e47225 100644
--- a/.bzrignore
+++ b/.bzrignore
@@ -24,3 +24,4 @@
 
 # Where I keep my tarballs
 ./elsie.nci.nih.gov/*.tar.gz
+./elsie.nci.nih.gov/*.tar.gz.asc
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/Makefile b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/Makefile
index 56dc286..cb86051 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/Makefile
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/Makefile
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 PACKAGE=	tzcode
 
 # Version numbers of the code and data distributions.
-VERSION=	2014i
+VERSION=	2014j
 
 # Email address for bug reports.
 BUGEMAIL=	tz@iana.org
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/NEWS b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/NEWS
index 4e119ec..98b6e8c 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/NEWS
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/NEWS
@@ -1,5 +1,36 @@
 News for the tz database
 
+Release 2014j - 2014-11-10 17:37:11 -0800
+
+  Changes affecting current and future time stamps
+
+    Turks & Caicos' switch from US eastern time to UTC-4 year-round
+    did not occur on 2014-11-02 at 02:00.  It's currently scheduled
+    for 2015-11-01 at 02:00.  (Thanks to Chris Walton.)
+
+  Changes affecting past time stamps
+
+    Many pre-1989 time stamps have been corrected for Asia/Seoul and
+    Asia/Pyongyang, based on sources for the Korean-language Wikipedia
+    entry for time in Korea.  (Thanks to Sanghyuk Jung.)  Also, no
+    longer guess that Pyongyang mimicked Seoul time after World War II,
+    as this is politically implausible.
+
+    Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed
+    from existing zones only for older time stamps.  As usual,
+    these changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only.
+    Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file.
+    The affected zones are: Africa/Addis_Ababa, Africa/Asmara,
+    Africa/Dar_es_Salaam, Africa/Djibouti, Africa/Kampala,
+    Africa/Mogadishu, Indian/Antananarivo, Indian/Comoro, and
+    Indian/Mayotte.
+
+  Changes affecting commentary
+
+    The commentary is less enthusiastic about Shanks as a source,
+    and is more careful to distinguish UT from UTC.
+
+
 Release 2014i - 2014-10-21 22:04:57 -0700
 
   Changes affecting future time stamps
@@ -133,6 +164,7 @@ Release 2014g - 2014-08-28 12:31:23 -0700
 
     Turks & Caicos is switching from US eastern time to UTC-4 year-round,
     modeled as a switch from EST/EDT to AST on 2014-11-02 at 02:00.
+    [As noted in 2014j, this switch was later delayed.]
 
   Changes affecting past time stamps
 
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/africa b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/africa
index b17c62b..1b9bf50 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/africa
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/africa
@@ -6,20 +6,19 @@
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
 #
-# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.
-#
-# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
-# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
@@ -65,7 +64,6 @@
 #	 3:00	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
 #	 3:00	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
 #	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
-#	 4:00	EAST	East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
 
 # Algeria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -146,9 +144,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912        # N'Djamena
 			1:00	-	WAT
 
 # Comoros
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
-			3:00	-	EAT
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
 
 # Democratic Republic of the Congo
 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
@@ -172,9 +168,7 @@ Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome	# São Tomé and Príncipe
 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena	# St Helena
 
 # Djibouti
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
-			3:00	-	EAT
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -387,27 +381,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:09 -	LMT	1900 Oct
 # See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Eritrea
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Asmara	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
-			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890        # Asmara Mean Time
-			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
-			3:00	-	EAT
-
 # Ethiopia
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
-# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
-# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
-# 02:00 or 14:00.  Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
-# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
-# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05.  Perhaps 38E50
-# was for Adis Dera.  Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
-# anyway.
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
-			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
-			3:00	-	EAT
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
 
 # Gabon
 # See Africa/Lagos.
@@ -451,6 +426,15 @@ Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
 			2:30	-	BEAT	1940
 			2:45	-	BEAUT	1960
 			3:00	-	EAT
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa	 # Ethiopia
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara	 # Eritrea
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala	 # Uganda
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu	 # Somalia
+Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo	 # Madagascar
+Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
+Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
 
 # Lesotho
 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
@@ -528,11 +512,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
 			2:00	-	EET
 
 # Madagascar
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
-			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
-			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
-			3:00	-	EAT
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
 
 # Malawi
 # See Africa/Maputo.
@@ -635,9 +615,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907 # Port Louis
 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
 
 # Mayotte
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
-			3:00	-	EAT
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
 
 # Morocco
 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
@@ -1049,11 +1027,7 @@ Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun # Victoria
 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Somalia
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
-			3:00	-	EAT	1931
-			2:30	-	BEAT	1957
-			3:00	-	EAT
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
 
 # South Africa
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -1096,11 +1070,7 @@ Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
 
 # Tanzania
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
-			3:00	-	EAT	1948
-			2:45	-	BEAUT	1961
-			3:00	-	EAT
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
 
 # Togo
 # See Africa/Abidjan.
@@ -1206,12 +1176,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
 			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
 
 # Uganda
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
-			3:00	-	EAT	1930
-			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
-			2:45	-	BEAUT	1957
-			3:00	-	EAT
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
 
 # Zambia
 # Zimbabwe
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/asia b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/asia
index 37b2c88..1a2bd12 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/asia
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/asia
@@ -6,20 +6,19 @@
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
 #
-# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.
-#
-# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
-# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
@@ -1663,44 +1662,70 @@ Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # Korea (North and South)
 
 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
-# http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp
-# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
-# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
-# the system may begin as early as 2008....  Korea ran a daylight
-# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
+# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
+# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
+# during the 1950-53 Korean War.  The system was temporarily enforced
+# between 1987 and 1988 ...
+
+# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
+# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
+# According to the Korean Wikipedia
+# http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
+# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
+# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows....  And I checked old
+# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
+# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
+# started at June 1 in that year.  For another example, the article in
+# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
 
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
-Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-01):
-# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger, except that I
-# guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
+Rule	ROK	1948	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	ROK	1948	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
+Rule	ROK	1949	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	ROK	1949	1951	-	Sep	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
+Rule	ROK	1950	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	ROK	1951	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	ROK	1955	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	ROK	1955	only	-	Sep	 9	0:00	0	S
+Rule	ROK	1956	only	-	May	20	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	ROK	1956	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
+Rule	ROK	1957	1960	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	ROK	1957	1960	-	Sep	Sun>=18	0:00	0	S
+Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	3:00	0	S
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30):
+# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
+#
+# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5)
+# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
+#       (Announcement No. 338)
+# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
+# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
+# 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)
+#
+# The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change
+# to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change
+# to UT+9 on 1912-01-01?  Omit the 1910 change for now.
+#
+# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
+#
+# For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Seoul	8:27:52	-	LMT	1890
-			8:30	-	KST	1904 Dec
-			9:00	-	JCST	1928
-			8:30	-	KST	1932
+Zone	Asia/Seoul	8:27:52	-	LMT	1908 Apr  1
+			8:30	-	KST	1912 Jan  1
 			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  8
 			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
-			8:00	ROK	K%sT	1961 Aug 10
-			8:30	-	KST	1968 Oct
+			8:30	ROK	K%sT	1961 Aug 10
 			9:00	ROK	K%sT
-Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1890
-			8:30	-	KST	1904 Dec
-			9:00	-	JCST	1928
-			8:30	-	KST	1932
+Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1908 Apr  1
+			8:30	-	KST	1912 Jan  1
 			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 24
-			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
-			8:00	-	KST	1961 Aug 10
 			9:00	-	KST
 
 ###############################################################################
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/australasia b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/australasia
index 8efe56f..911e681 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/australasia
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/australasia
@@ -797,19 +797,19 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
-# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+#
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.
-#
-# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
-# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/backzone b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/backzone
index 29320aa..f100f8a 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/backzone
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/backzone
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
 
 # This file contains data outside the normal scope of the tz database,
 # in that its zones do not differ from normal tz zones after 1970.
@@ -24,11 +24,10 @@
 # replaced by links as their data entries were questionable and/or they
 # differed from other zones only in pre-1970 time stamps.
 
-# Unless otherwise specified, the source for the data is the following,
-# which does not itself cite sources and is often wrong:
-#
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 
 # This file is not intended to be compiled standalone, as it
 # assumes rules from other files.  In the tz distribution, use
@@ -41,6 +40,27 @@
 # As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are:
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 
+# Ethiopia
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
+# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
+# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
+# 02:00 or 14:00.  Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
+#
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
+# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
+# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05.  Perhaps 38E50
+# was for Adis Dera.  Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
+# anyway.
+Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
+			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Eritrea
+Zone	Africa/Asmara	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
+			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890        # Asmara Mean Time
+			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
 # Mali (southern)
 Zone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
 			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
@@ -80,6 +100,16 @@ Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
 			-1:00	-	WAT	1941 Jun
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
+# Tanzania
+Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
+			3:00	-	EAT	1948
+			2:45	-	BEAUT	1961
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Djibouti
+Zone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
 # Cameroon
 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Zone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
@@ -119,6 +149,13 @@ Zone	Africa/Juba	2:06:24 -	LMT	1931
 			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
+# Uganda
+Zone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
+			3:00	-	EAT	1930
+			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
+			2:45	-	BEAUT	1957
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
 # Rwanda
 Zone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
 			2:00	-	CAT
@@ -175,6 +212,12 @@ Zone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 Zone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 			2:00	-	SAST
 
+# Somalia
+Zone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
+			3:00	-	EAT	1931
+			2:30	-	BEAT	1957
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
 # Niger
 Zone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
 			-1:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
@@ -518,5 +561,19 @@ Zone	Europe/Zagreb	1:03:52	-	LMT	1884
 			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
+# Madagascar
+Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
+			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
+			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Comoros
+Zone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Mayotte
+Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
 # US minor outlying islands
 Zone Pacific/Johnston	-10:00	-	HST
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/checktab.awk b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/checktab.awk
index 55baa54..0686399 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/checktab.awk
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/checktab.awk
@@ -15,21 +15,12 @@ BEGIN {
 	# Some more special cases; these are zones that should probably
 	# be turned into links.
 	if (zone_table == "zone1970.tab") {
-	  tztab["Africa/Addis_Ababa"] = 1
-	  tztab["Africa/Asmara"] = 1
-	  tztab["Africa/Dar_es_Salaam"] = 1
-	  tztab["Africa/Djibouti"] = 1
-	  tztab["Africa/Kampala"] = 1
-	  tztab["Africa/Mogadishu"] = 1
 	  tztab["America/Antigua"] = 1
 	  tztab["America/Cayman"] = 1
 	  tztab["Asia/Aden"] = 1
 	  tztab["Asia/Bahrain"] = 1
 	  tztab["Asia/Kuwait"] = 1
 	  tztab["Asia/Muscat"] = 1
-	  tztab["Indian/Antananarivo"] = 1
-	  tztab["Indian/Comoro"] = 1
-	  tztab["Indian/Mayotte"] = 1
 	  tztab["Pacific/Midway"] = 1
 	  tztab["Pacific/Saipan"] = 1
 	}
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/europe b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/europe
index 27a8b30..5e78c54 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/europe
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/europe
@@ -6,16 +6,19 @@
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31):
-# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+#
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
@@ -287,6 +290,14 @@
 #   "Timeball on the ballast office is down.  Dunsink time."
 #   -- James Joyce, Ulysses
 
+# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
+# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
+# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'.  She claimed
+# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
+# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
+# Irish Times 2014-10-27.
+# http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
+
 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
 # Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
 # These include various relating to legal time, for example:
@@ -594,6 +605,7 @@ Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	 23:00	0	-
 Rule	Russia	1993	2010	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Russia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Russia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/leapseconds.awk b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/leapseconds.awk
index ee20ecc..bb81e96 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/leapseconds.awk
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/leapseconds.awk
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ BEGIN {
   print "# The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds"
   print "# http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/leap.html"
   print ""
-  print "# The International Earth Rotation Service periodically uses leap seconds"
-  print "# to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1"
+  print "# The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service"
+  print "# periodically uses leap seconds to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1"
   print "# (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see"
   print "# Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time,"
   print "# Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.84965>."
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/northamerica b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/northamerica
index 07f527f..c91430c 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/northamerica
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/northamerica
@@ -991,19 +991,19 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 ################################################################################
 
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+#
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.
-#
-# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
-# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
 # Other sources occasionally used include:
 #
@@ -3131,13 +3131,17 @@ Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15 # St Pierre
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
 # The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UTC-4 year-round.  See:
 # http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
-# Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST on 2014-11-02 at 02:00.
+# Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
+# From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
+# ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to
+# "permanent daylight saving time" by one year....
+# http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Grand_Turk	-4:44:32 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST	1979
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	2014 Nov  2  2:00
+			-5:00	US	E%sT	2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # British Virgin Is
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/southamerica b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/southamerica
index e246646..bdc29c2 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/southamerica
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/southamerica
@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+#
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
-#
-# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
-# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
-# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
-# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
+# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
 #
 # Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
 # ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/tz-link.htm b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/tz-link.htm
index 98594f4..444ef94 100644
--- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/tz-link.htm
+++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/tz-link.htm
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="UTF-8"'>
 <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Eggert, Paul">
 <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Olson, Arthur David">
-<meta name="DC.Date" content="2014-10-21">
+<meta name="DC.Date" content="2014-11-09">
 <meta name="DC.Description"
  content="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time">
 <meta name="DC.Identifier"
@@ -26,10 +26,8 @@ that represent the history of local time
 for many representative locations around the globe.
 It is updated periodically to reflect changes made by political bodies
 to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone">time zone</a>
-boundaries, <a
-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time"><abbr
-title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</abbr></a> offsets, and
-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving">daylight-saving</a>
+boundaries and
+<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time">daylight-saving</a>
 rules.
 This database (often called <code>zoneinfo</code> or
 <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>)
@@ -38,15 +36,15 @@ including
 <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">the
 <abbr title="GNU's Not Unix">GNU</abbr>
 C Library</a> (used in
-<a href="http://www.linux.org/"><abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux</a>),
-<a href="http://www.android.com/">Android</a>,
-<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Firefox_OS">Firefox
+<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux"><abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux</a>),
+<a href="http://www.android.com">Android</a>,
+<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/Firefox_OS">Firefox
 <abbr title="Operating System">OS</abbr></a>,
-<a href="http://www.freebsd.org/">Free<abbr
+<a href="https://www.freebsd.org">Free<abbr
 title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</abbr></a>,
-<a href="http://netbsd.org/">Net<abbr>BSD</abbr></a>,
-<a href="http://openbsd.org/">Open<abbr>BSD</abbr></a>,
-<a href="http://cygwin.com/">Cygwin</a>,
+<a href="http://netbsd.org">Net<abbr>BSD</abbr></a>,
+<a href="http://openbsd.org">Open<abbr>BSD</abbr></a>,
+<a href="https://cygwin.com">Cygwin</a>,
 <a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/"><abbr
 title="DJ's GNU Programming Platform">DJGPP</abbr></a>,
 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian">Symbian</a>,
@@ -57,15 +55,15 @@ title="Advanced Interactive eXecutive">AIX</abbr></a>,
 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry_10">BlackBerry 10</a>,
 <a href="http://www.apple.com/ios/"><abbr
 title="iPhone OS">iOS</abbr></a>,
-<a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/">Microsoft Windows</a>,
-<a href="http://h71000.www7.hp.com/">Open<abbr
+<a href="http://windows.microsoft.com">Microsoft Windows</a>,
+<a href="http://h71000.www7.hp.com">Open<abbr
 title="Virtual Memory System">VMS</abbr></a>,
-<a href="http://oracle.com/database">Oracle Database</a>,
+<a href="https://www.oracle.com/database/index.html">Oracle Database</a>,
+<a href="http://oracle.com/solaris">Oracle Solaris</a>, and
 <a href="http://www.apple.com/osx/"><abbr title="Operating System Ten">OS
-X</abbr></a>, and
-<a href="http://oracle.com/solaris">Solaris</a>.</p>
+X</abbr></a>.</p>
 <p>
-Each location in the database represents a national region where all
+Each location in the database represents a region where all
 clocks keeping local time have agreed since 1970.
 Locations are identified by continent or ocean and then by the name of
 the location, which is typically the largest city within the region.
@@ -86,6 +84,18 @@ implementation set the <code><abbr>TZ</abbr></code>
 environment variable to the location's full name,
 e.g., <code><abbr>TZ</abbr>="America/New_York"</code>.</p>
 <p>
+Associated with each region is a history of offsets from
+<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Time">Universal
+Time</a> (<abbr>UT</abbr>), which is <a
+href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time">Greenwich Mean
+Time</a> (<abbr>GMT</abbr>) with days beginning at midnight;
+for time stamps after 1960 this is more precisely <a
+href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time">Coordinated
+Universal Time</a> (<abbr>UTC</abbr>).
+The database also records when daylight saving time was in use,
+along with alphabetic time zone abbreviations such as <abbr>EST</abbr>
+for Eastern Standard Time in the <abbr>US</abbr>.</p>
+<p>
 In the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database's
 <a href="ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/releases/"><abbr
 title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</abbr> releases</a>
@@ -120,8 +130,8 @@ of the <a href="http://www.iana.org">Internet Assigned Numbers
 Authority (IANA)</a>.
 An <a href="https://github.com/eggert/tz">unofficial development
 repository</a> of the code and data is available
-in <a href="http://git-scm.com/">Git</a> form
-from <a href="https://github.com/">GitHub</a>; be careful, as this
+in <a href="http://git-scm.com">Git</a> form
+from <a href="https://github.com">GitHub</a>; be careful, as this
 repository is less well tested and probably contains more errors.
 <p>
 The code lets you compile the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source files into
@@ -163,7 +173,7 @@ database's style.</li>
 These are listed roughly in ascending order of complexity and fanciness.
 </p>
 <ul>
-<li><a href="http://time.is/">Time.is</a> shows locations'
+<li><a href="http://time.is">Time.is</a> shows locations'
 time and zones in a simple format.</li>
 <li><a
 href="http://twiki.org/cgi-bin/xtra/tzdatepick.html">Date and Time Gateway</a>
@@ -178,25 +188,25 @@ uses a pulldown menu.</li>
 timezone information for all countries</a> displays tables of DST rules.
 <li><a href="http://timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock &ndash;
 Time Zones</a> lets you sort zone names and convert times.</li>
-<li><a href="http://permatime.com/">Permatime</a> generates and views
+<li><a href="http://permatime.com">Permatime</a> generates and views
 links that refer to a particular point in time and can be displayed in
 multiple time zones.</li>
 <li><a href="http://www.zeitverschiebung.net/en/">Time Difference</a>
 calculates the current time difference between locations.</li>
-<li><a href="http://www.wx-now.com/">Weather Now</a> lists the weather too.</li>
-<li><a href="http://worldtime.io/">worldtime.io</a>
+<li><a href="http://www.wx-now.com">Weather Now</a> lists the weather too.</li>
+<li><a href="http://worldtime.io">worldtime.io</a>
 also contains data about time zone boundaries; it supports queries via place
 names and shows location maps.</li>
 </ul>
 <h2>Network protocols for <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> data</h2>
 <ul>
-<li>The <a href="http://www.ietf.org/">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>'s
-<a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/tzdist/charter/">Time Zone Data
+<li>The <a href="http://www.ietf.org">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>'s
+<a href="http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/tzdist/charter/">Time Zone Data
 Distribution Service (tzdist) working group</a> is developing a scalable
 protocol for distributing time zone data to clients. It has generated a
 a <a href="http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tzdist-service/">draft
 protocol for transferring time zone data</a> and a <a
-href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tzdist-caldav-timezone-ref/">draft
+href="http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tzdist-caldav-timezone-ref/">draft
 protocol for transferring time zone data by reference</a>. This work is based
 on the iCalendar and CalConnect efforts described below.</li>
 <li>The <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5545">
@@ -211,9 +221,9 @@ variant <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6321">xCal</a>
 title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</abbr></a> format, and a variant
 <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7265">jCal</a>
 (Internet <abbr>RFC</abbr> 7265)
-uses <a href="http://www.json.org/"><abbr
+uses <a href="http://www.json.org"><abbr
 title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr></a> format.
-<a href="http://calconnect.org/">CalConnect, The Calendaring and Scheduling
+<a href="http://calconnect.org">CalConnect, The Calendaring and Scheduling
 Consortium</a> is promoting further work in this area. <a
 href="http://calconnect.org/publications/icalendartimezoneproblemsandrecommendationsv1.0.pdf">iCalendar
 TIMEZONE Problems and Recommendations</a> offers guidelines and
@@ -256,14 +266,14 @@ and with a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
 <li><a
 href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/DateTime-TimeZone/">DateTime::TimeZone</a>
 contains a script <code>parse_olson</code> that compiles
-<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into <a href="http://www.perl.org/">Perl</a>
+<code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into <a href="http://www.perl.org">Perl</a>
 modules. It is part of the Perl <a
-href="http://datetime.perl.org/">DateTime Project</a>, which is freely
+href="http://datetime.perl.org">DateTime Project</a>, which is freely
 available under both the <abbr>GPL</abbr> and the Perl Artistic
 License. DateTime::TimeZone also contains a script
 <code>tests_from_zdump</code> that generates test cases for each clock
 transition in the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database.</li>
-<li><a href="http://icu-project.org/">International Components for
+<li><a href="http://icu-project.org">International Components for
 Unicode (<abbr>ICU</abbr>)</a> contains C/C++ and <a
 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%28programming_language%29">Java</a>
 libraries for internationalization that
@@ -279,7 +289,7 @@ contains a class
 <code>org.joda.time.tz.ZoneInfoCompiler</code> that compiles
 <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into a Joda-specific binary format. Joda Time
 is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
-<li><a href="http://nodatime.org/">Noda Time &ndash; Date and time API for
+<li><a href="http://nodatime.org">Noda Time &ndash; Date and time API for
 .NET</a> and <a href="http://www.babiej.demon.nl/Tz4Net/main.htm">TZ4Net</a>
 are similar to Joda Time, but for the .NET framework instead of
 Java. They are freely available under the
@@ -289,7 +299,7 @@ and a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license, respectively.</li>
 compilers and libraries include:
 <ul>
 <li><a href="http://momentjs.com/timezone/">Moment Timezone</a> is a
-plugin for the <a href="http://momentjs.com/">Moment.js</a> date
+plugin for the <a href="http://momentjs.com">Moment.js</a> date
 manipulation library. It is freely available under
 the <abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr>
 license.</li>
@@ -297,14 +307,14 @@ license.</li>
 <abbr>API</abbr> is upward compatible with standard JavaScript
 Dates. It is freely available under the Apache License.</li>
 <li><a href="https://github.com/sproutsocial/walltime-js">Walltime-js</a>
-translates UTC to local time. It is freely available under the <abbr>MIT</abbr>
-license.</li>
+translates <abbr>UT</abbr> to local time. It is freely available under
+the <abbr>MIT</abbr> license.</li>
 </ul>
 <li><a href="http://pytz.sourceforge.net">pytz &ndash; World Timezone
 Definitions for Python</a> compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into
-<a href="http://python.org/">Python</a>.
+<a href="https://www.python.org">Python</a>.
 It is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
-<li><a href="http://tzinfo.github.io/">TZInfo &ndash;
+<li><a href="http://tzinfo.github.io">TZInfo &ndash;
 Ruby Timezone Library</a>
 compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into
 <a href="http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/">Ruby</a>.
@@ -316,7 +326,7 @@ library that compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into a time
 zone repository whose format
 is either proprietary or an <abbr>XML</abbr>-encoded
 representation.</li>
-<li><a href="http://tcl.tk/">Tcl</a>
+<li><a href="http://tcl.tk">Tcl</a>
 contains a developer-oriented parser that compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>
 source into text files, along with a runtime that can read those
 files. Tcl is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style
@@ -334,9 +344,10 @@ This library is freely available under the
 <abbr>GNU</abbr> Lesser General Public License
 (<abbr title="Lesser General Public License">LGPL</abbr>)</a>,
 and is widely used in <abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux systems.</li>
-<li><a href="http://www.gnome.org/">GNOME</a>'s Glib has
+<li><a href="http://www.gnome.org">GNOME</a>'s Glib has
 a <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> binary file reader written in C that
-creates a <code>GTimeZone</code> object representing sets of UTC offsets.
+creates a <code>GTimeZone</code> object representing sets
+of <abbr>UT</abbr> offsets.
 It is freely available under the <abbr>LGPL</abbr>.</li>
 <li><a href="http://bmsi.com/java/#TZ">ZoneInfo.java</a>
 is a <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> binary file reader written in Java.
@@ -366,17 +377,17 @@ available under a BSD-style license.</li>
 </ul>
 <h2>Other <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>-based time zone software</h2>
 <ul>
-<li><a href="http://foxclocks.org/">FoxClocks</a>
-is an extension for <a href="http://google.com/chrome">Google
+<li><a href="https://foxclocks.org">FoxClocks</a>
+is an extension for <a href="http://google.com/chrome/">Google
 Chrome</a> and for <a
-href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Toolkit_API">Mozilla
+href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Tech/Toolkit_API">Mozilla
 Toolkit</a> applications like <a
-href="http://mozilla.com/firefox">Firefox</a> and <a
-href="http://mozilla.com/thunderbird">Thunderbird</a>.
+href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/">Firefox</a> and <a
+href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/thunderbird/">Thunderbird</a>.
 It displays multiple clocks in the application window, and has a mapping
-interface to <a href="http://earth.google.com/">Google Earth</a>.
+interface to <a href="http://www.google.com/earth/">Google Earth</a>.
 It is freely available under the <abbr>GPL</abbr>.</li>
-<li><a href="http://golang.org/">Go programming language</a>
+<li><a href="http://golang.org">Go programming language</a>
 implementations contain a copy of a 32-bit subset of a recent
 <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database in a
 Go-specific format.</li>
@@ -398,18 +409,18 @@ the older, proprietary method of Microsoft Windows 2000 and later,
 which stores time zone data in the
 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Registry">Windows Registry</a>. The
 <a
-href="http://unicode.org/cldr/charts/supplemental/zone_tzid.html">Zone &rarr;
+href="http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/latest/supplemental/zone_tzid.html">Zone &rarr;
 Tzid table</a> or <a
 href="http://unicode.org/repos/cldr/trunk/common/supplemental/windowsZones.xml"><abbr>XML</abbr>
 file</a> of the <abbr>CLDR</abbr> data maps proprietary zone IDs
 to <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> names.
 <li><a
-href="http://www.oracle.com/us/technologies/java/overview/index.html">Oracle
+href="https://www.oracle.com/java/index.html">Oracle
 Java</a> contains a copy of a subset of a recent
 <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database in a
 Java-specific format.</li>
-<li><a href="http://kimmo.suominen.com/sw/timezone/">Time Zone</a> is
-a <a href="http://wordpress.org/">WordPress</a> plugin. It is freely
+<li><a href="https://kimmo.suominen.com/sw/timezone/">Time Zone</a> is
+a <a href="https://wordpress.org">WordPress</a> plugin. It is freely
 available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
 <li><a href="http://www.relativedata.com/time-zone-master">Time Zone
 Master</a> is a Microsoft Windows clock program that can automatically
@@ -432,24 +443,26 @@ href="http://www.astrocom.com/astrology/books/american-atlas">one volume
 for the <abbr>US</abbr></a>, and <a
 href="http://www.astrocom.com/astrology/books/international-atlas">one for
 other locations</a>) by <a
-href="http://astrocom.com/">Astro Computing Services</a>.</li>
-<li><a href="http://www.hp.com/go/hpux/">HP-UX</a> has a database in
+href="http://astrocom.com">Astro Computing Services</a>.
+These atlases are extensive but unreliable, as Shanks appears to have
+guessed many <abbr>UT</abbr> offsets and transitions. The atlases cite no
+sources and do not indicate which entries are guesswork.</li>
+<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-UX">HP-UX</a> has a database in
 its own <code>tztab</code>(4) format.</li>
 <li>Microsoft Windows has proprietary data mentioned above.</li>
-<li><a href="http://worldtimeserver.com/">World Time Server</a>
+<li><a href="http://worldtimeserver.com">World Time Server</a>
 is another time zone database.</li>
 <li><a href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">World Time Zones</a>
 contains data from the Time Service Department of the
 <abbr>US</abbr> Naval Observatory.</li>
 <li>The <a href="http://www.iata.org/publications/Pages/ssim.aspx">Standard
 Schedules Information Manual</a> of the
-<a href="http://iata.org/">International Air Transport
-Association</a>
+International Air Transport Association
 gives current time zone rules for airports served by commercial aviation.</li>
 </ul>
 <h2>Maps</h2>
 <ul>
-<li>The <a href="https://www.cia.gov/">United States Central
+<li>The <a href="https://www.cia.gov/index.html">United States Central
 Intelligence Agency (<abbr
 title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</abbr>)</a> publishes a <a
 href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/ref_maps/physical/pdf/standard_time_zones_of_the_world.pdf">time
@@ -462,7 +475,7 @@ recent editions.
 The pictorial quality is good,
 but the maps do not indicate summer time,
 and parts of the data are a few years out of date.</li>
-<li><a href="http://worldtimezone.com/">Current time around the world
+<li><a href="http://worldtimezone.com">Current time around the world
 and standard time zones map of the world</a>
 has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well.
 The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the
@@ -471,7 +484,7 @@ but the maps are more up to date.</li>
 <li><a href="http://poisson.phc.unipi.it/~maggiolo/index.php/2014/01/how-much-is-time-wrong-around-the-world/">How
 much is time wrong around the world?</a> maps the difference between
 mean solar and standard time, highlighting areas such as western China
-where the two differ greatly.</li>
+where the two differ greatly. It's a bit out of date, unfortunately.</li>
 </ul>
 <h2>Time zone boundaries</h2>
 <ul>
@@ -483,7 +496,7 @@ sets of <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> regions.</li>
 maps geographical coordinates to a <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> region.
 It is written in Go and is freely available under the Apache License.</li>
 <li><a href="http://derickrethans.nl/what-time-is-it.html">What Time
-is It Here?</a> applies <a href="http://www.mongodb.org/">MongoDB</a>
+is It Here?</a> applies <a href="http://www.mongodb.org">MongoDB</a>
 geospatial query operators to shapefiles' data.</li>
 <li><a href="http://statoids.com/statoids.html">Administrative
 Divisions of Countries ("Statoids")</a> contains lists of
@@ -609,7 +622,7 @@ of Summer time dates</a>.</dd>
 href="http://literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5965-7984E.pdf">The
 Science of Timekeeping</a> is a thorough introduction
 to the theory and practice of precision timekeeping.</li>
-<li><a href="http://www.ntp.org/"><abbr
+<li><a href="http://www.ntp.org"><abbr
 title="Network Time Protocol">NTP</abbr>: The Network
 Time Protocol</a>
 discusses how to synchronize clocks of
@@ -626,9 +639,8 @@ specifies a <a
 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol"><abbr>DHCP</abbr></a>
 option for a server to configure
 a client's time zone and daylight saving settings automatically.</li>
-<li><a href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/GMT.UT.and.the.RGO.html">A Few
-Facts Concerning <abbr title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</abbr>, <abbr
-title="Universal Time">UT</abbr>, and
+<li><a href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/GMT.UT.and.the.RGO.html">A Few Facts
+Concerning <abbr>GMT</abbr>, <abbr>UT</abbr>, and
 the <abbr title="Royal Greenwich Observatory">RGO</abbr></a>
 answers questions like "What is the
 difference between <abbr>GMT</abbr> and <abbr>UTC</abbr>?"</li>
@@ -640,9 +652,9 @@ Times</a> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like
 <abbr title="Barycentric Dynamic Time">TDB</abbr>.
 <a href="http://www.ucolick.org/~sla/leapsecs/timescales.html">Time
 Scales</a> goes into more detail, particularly for historical variants.</li>
-<li>The <a href="http://iau.org/"><abbr
+<li>The <a href="http://iau.org"><abbr
 title="International Astronomical Union">IAU</abbr></a>'s <a
-href="http://www.iausofa.org/"><abbr
+href="http://www.iausofa.org"><abbr
 title="Standards Of Fundamental Astronomy">SOFA</abbr></a>
 collection contains C and <a
 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran">Fortran</a>
@@ -660,7 +672,7 @@ describes Mars Coordinated Time (<abbr
 title="Mars Coordinated Time">MTC</abbr>) and the
 diverse local time
 scales used by each landed mission on Mars.</li>
-<li><a href="http://leapsecond.com/">LeapSecond.com</a> is
+<li><a href="http://leapsecond.com">LeapSecond.com</a> is
 dedicated not only to leap seconds but to precise time and frequency
 in general. It covers the state of the art in amateur timekeeping, and
 how the art has progressed over the past few decades.</li>
@@ -671,7 +683,7 @@ Bulletins</a> contains official publications of the International
 Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, which decides
 when leap seconds occur.</li>
 <li>The <a
-href="http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/leapsecs">Leap
+href="https://pairlist6.pair.net/mailman/listinfo/leapsecs">Leap
 Second Discussion List</a> covers <a
 href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/papers.pdf/gpsworld.november99.pdf">McCarthy
 and Klepczynski's proposal to discontinue leap seconds</a>,
@@ -685,7 +697,7 @@ contentious issue.</li>
 </ul>
 <h2>Time notation</h2>
 <ul>
-<li>The <a href="http://unicode.org/cldr/">Unicode Common Locale Data
+<li>The <a href="http://cldr.unicode.org">Unicode Common Locale Data
 Repository (<abbr>CLDR</abbr>) Project</a> has localizations for time
 zone names, abbreviations, identifiers, and formats. For example, it
 contains French translations for "Eastern European Summer Time",
@@ -762,7 +774,7 @@ is called "<abbr>GMT</abbr>".</li>
 <li><a href="tz-art.htm">Time and the Arts</a></li>
 <li><a href="http://www.dmoz.org/Reference/Time/">Open Directory &ndash;
 Reference: Time</a></li>
-<li><a href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time">Yahoo!
+<li><a href="https://dir.yahoo.com/science/measurements_and_units/time">Yahoo!
 Directory &gt; Science &gt; Measurements and Units &gt; Time</a></li>
 </ul>
 <hr>