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diff --git a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/tz-link.htm b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/tz-link.htm index 242be84..cc44768 100644 --- a/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/tz-link.htm +++ b/elsie.nci.nih.gov/src/tz-link.htm @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="UTF-8"'> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Eggert, Paul"> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Olson, Arthur David"> -<meta name="DC.Date" content="2015-03-25"> +<meta name="DC.Date" content="2015-08-10"> <meta name="DC.Description" content="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time"> <meta name="DC.Identifier" @@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ <h1>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</h1> <h2>The <code><abbr title="time zone">tz</abbr></code> database</h2> <p> -The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain">public-domain</a> +The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain">public-domain</a> time zone database contains code and data that represent the history of local time for many representative locations around the globe. It is updated periodically to reflect changes made by political bodies -to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone">time zone</a> +to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone">time zone</a> boundaries and -<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time">daylight-saving</a> +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time">daylight-saving</a> rules. This database (often called <code>zoneinfo</code> or <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>) @@ -36,27 +36,27 @@ including <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">the <abbr title="GNU's Not Unix">GNU</abbr> C Library</a> (used in -<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux"><abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux</a>), +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux"><abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux</a>), <a href="http://www.android.com">Android</a>, <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/Firefox_OS">Firefox <abbr title="Operating System">OS</abbr></a>, <a href="https://www.freebsd.org">Free<abbr title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</abbr></a>, <a href="http://netbsd.org">Net<abbr>BSD</abbr></a>, -<a href="http://openbsd.org">Open<abbr>BSD</abbr></a>, +<a href="http://www.openbsd.org">Open<abbr>BSD</abbr></a>, <a href="https://cygwin.com">Cygwin</a>, <a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/"><abbr title="DJ's GNU Programming Platform">DJGPP</abbr></a>, -<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MINIX">MINIX</a>, -<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebOS"><abbr +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MINIX">MINIX</a>, +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebOS"><abbr title="Web Operating System">webOS</abbr></a>, <a href="http://ibm.com/aix"><abbr title="Advanced Interactive eXecutive">AIX</abbr></a>, -<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry_10">BlackBerry 10</a>, +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry_10">BlackBerry 10</a>, <a href="http://www.apple.com/ios/"><abbr title="iPhone OS">iOS</abbr></a>, <a href="http://windows.microsoft.com">Microsoft Windows</a>, -<a href="http://h71000.www7.hp.com">Open<abbr +<a href="http://www8.hp.com/us/en/products/servers/openvms/overview.html">Open<abbr title="Virtual Memory System">VMS</abbr></a>, <a href="https://www.oracle.com/database/index.html">Oracle Database</a>, <a href="http://oracle.com/solaris">Oracle Solaris</a>, and @@ -78,19 +78,19 @@ and other entries represent smaller regions like Starke County, Indiana, which switched from central to eastern time in 1991 and switched back in 2006. To use the database on an extended <a -href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX"><abbr +href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX"><abbr title="Portable Operating System Interface">POSIX</abbr></a> implementation set the <code><abbr>TZ</abbr></code> environment variable to the location's full name, e.g., <code><abbr>TZ</abbr>="America/New_York"</code>.</p> <p> Associated with each region is a history of offsets from -<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Time">Universal +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Time">Universal Time</a> (<abbr>UT</abbr>), which is <a -href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time">Greenwich Mean +href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a> (<abbr>GMT</abbr>) with days beginning at midnight; for time stamps after 1960 this is more precisely <a -href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time">Coordinated +href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time">Coordinated Universal Time</a> (<abbr>UTC</abbr>). The database also records when daylight saving time was in use, along with alphabetic time zone abbreviations such as <abbr>EST</abbr> @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ code</a> and <a href="ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/tzdata-latest.tar.gz">latest data</a> revisions are also available. The following <a -href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_shell">shell</a> commands download +href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_shell">shell</a> commands download these files to a <abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux or similar host; see the downloaded <code>README</code> file for what to do next.</p> @@ -158,9 +158,9 @@ Here are some links that may be of interest. <h2>Commentary on the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database</h2> <ul> <li>The article -<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tz_database">tz database</a> is +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tz_database">tz database</a> is an encyclopedic summary.</li> -<li><a href="http://www.cstdbill.com/tzdb/tz-how-to.html">How to Read the +<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221080916/http://www.cstdbill.com/tzdb/tz-how-to.html">How to Read the tz Database Source Files</a> explains the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database format.</li> <li><a @@ -186,11 +186,8 @@ Converter</a> uses a pulldown menu.</li> <li><a href="http://home.kpn.nl/vanadovv/time/TZworld.html">Complete timezone information for all countries</a> displays tables of DST rules. -<li><a href="http://timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock – +<li><a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock – Time Zones</a> lets you sort zone names and convert times.</li> -<li><a href="http://permatime.com">Permatime</a> generates and views -links that refer to a particular point in time and can be displayed in -multiple time zones.</li> <li><a href="http://www.zeitverschiebung.net/en/">Time Difference</a> calculates the current time difference between locations.</li> <li><a href="http://www.wx-now.com">Weather Now</a> lists the weather too.</li> @@ -251,7 +248,7 @@ data</a> converted from <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>.</li> <h2>Other <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> compilers</h2> <ul> <li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/vzic/">Vzic</a> is a <a -href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_%28programming_language%29">C</a> +href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_%28programming_language%29">C</a> program that compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into iCalendar-compatible VTIMEZONE files. Vzic is freely @@ -259,9 +256,9 @@ available under the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html"><abbr>GNU</abbr> General Public License (<abbr title="General Public License">GPL</abbr>)</a>.</li> -<li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/tzical">tziCal – tz +<li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/tzical/">tziCal – tz database conversion utility</a> is like Vzic, except for the <a -href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/netframework">.NET framework</a> +href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/netframework">.NET framework</a> and with a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li> <li><a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/DateTime-TimeZone/">DateTime::TimeZone</a> @@ -273,9 +270,15 @@ available under both the <abbr>GPL</abbr> and the Perl Artistic License. DateTime::TimeZone also contains a script <code>tests_from_zdump</code> that generates test cases for each clock transition in the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> database.</li> -<li><a href="http://icu-project.org">International Components for +<li>The <a href="http://howardhinnant.github.io/tz.html">Time Zone +Database Parser</a> is a +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B">C++</a> parser and +runtime library. It is freely available under the +<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons +Attribution 4.0 International Public License</a>.</li> +<li><a href="http://site.icu-project.org">International Components for Unicode (<abbr>ICU</abbr>)</a> contains C/C++ and <a -href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%28programming_language%29">Java</a> +href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%28programming_language%29">Java</a> libraries for internationalization that has a compiler from <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source and from <abbr title="Common Locale Data Repository">CLDR</abbr> data @@ -299,7 +302,7 @@ are similar to Joda Time, but for the .NET framework instead of Java. They are freely available under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License</a> and a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license, respectively.</li> -<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript">JavaScript</a>-based +<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript">JavaScript</a>-based compilers and libraries include: <ul> <li><a href="http://momentjs.com/timezone/">Moment Timezone</a> is a @@ -321,11 +324,11 @@ It is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li> <li><a href="http://tzinfo.github.io">TZInfo – Ruby Timezone Library</a> compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into -<a href="http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/">Ruby</a>. +<a href="https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/">Ruby</a>. It is freely available under the <abbr>MIT</abbr> license.</li> <li>The <a href="http://www.squeaksource.com/Chronos/">Chronos Date/Time Library</a> is -a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a> class +a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a> class library that compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into a time zone repository whose format is either proprietary or an <abbr>XML</abbr>-encoded @@ -348,7 +351,7 @@ This library is freely available under the <abbr>GNU</abbr> Lesser General Public License (<abbr title="Lesser General Public License">LGPL</abbr>)</a>, and is widely used in <abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux systems.</li> -<li><a href="http://www.gnome.org">GNOME</a>'s Glib has +<li><a href="https://www.gnome.org">GNOME</a>'s Glib has a <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> binary file reader written in C that creates a <code>GTimeZone</code> object representing sets of <abbr>UT</abbr> offsets. @@ -382,7 +385,7 @@ available under a BSD-style license.</li> <h2>Other <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>-based time zone software</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://foxclocks.org">FoxClocks</a> -is an extension for <a href="http://google.com/chrome/">Google +is an extension for <a href="http://www.google.com/chrome/">Google Chrome</a> and for <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Tech/Toolkit_API">Mozilla Toolkit</a> applications like <a @@ -403,15 +406,15 @@ under the <abbr>GPL</abbr>.</li> <li>Microsoft Windows 8.1 and later has <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> data and <abbr>CLDR</abbr> data (mentioned below) used by -<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Runtime">Windows Runtime</a> +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Runtime">Windows Runtime</a> classes such as <a -href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/windows.globalization.datetimeformatting.datetimeformatter.aspx"><code>DateTimeFormatter</code></a>. +href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/windows.globalization.datetimeformatting.datetimeformatter.aspx"><code>DateTimeFormatter</code></a>. <a href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/bclteam/archive/2007/06/07/exploring-windows-time-zones-with-system-timezoneinfo-josh-free.aspx">Exploring Windows Time Zones with <code>System.TimeZoneInfo</code></a> describes the older, proprietary method of Microsoft Windows 2000 and later, which stores time zone data in the -<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Registry">Windows Registry</a>. The +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Registry">Windows Registry</a>. The <a href="http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/latest/supplemental/zone_tzid.html">Zone → Tzid table</a> or <a @@ -451,10 +454,10 @@ href="http://astrocom.com">Astro Computing Services</a>. These atlases are extensive but unreliable, as Shanks appears to have guessed many <abbr>UT</abbr> offsets and transitions. The atlases cite no sources and do not indicate which entries are guesswork.</li> -<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-UX">HP-UX</a> has a database in +<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-UX">HP-UX</a> has a database in its own <code>tztab</code>(4) format.</li> <li>Microsoft Windows has proprietary data mentioned above.</li> -<li><a href="http://worldtimeserver.com">World Time Server</a> +<li><a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com">World Time Server</a> is another time zone database.</li> <li><a href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">World Time Zones</a> contains data from the Time Service Department of the @@ -479,13 +482,14 @@ recent editions. The pictorial quality is good, but the maps do not indicate summer time, and parts of the data are a few years out of date.</li> -<li><a href="http://worldtimezone.com">Current time around the world +<li><a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com">Current time around the world and standard time zones map of the world</a> has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well. The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the <abbr>CIA</abbr>'s but the maps are more up to date.</li> -<li><a href="http://poisson.phc.unipi.it/~maggiolo/index.php/2014/01/how-much-is-time-wrong-around-the-world/">How +<li><a +href="http://blog.poormansmath.net/how-much-is-time-wrong-around-the-world/">How much is time wrong around the world?</a> maps the difference between mean solar and standard time, highlighting areas such as western China where the two differ greatly. It's a bit out of date, unfortunately.</li> @@ -494,7 +498,7 @@ where the two differ greatly. It's a bit out of date, unfortunately.</li> <ul> <li><a href="http://efele.net/maps/tz/"><abbr>TZ</abbr> timezones maps</a> contains <a -href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapefile">shapefiles</a> of +href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapefile">shapefiles</a> of sets of <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> regions.</li> <li>The <a href="https://github.com/bradfitz/latlong">latlong package</a> maps geographical coordinates to a <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> region. @@ -517,7 +521,7 @@ world time zone boundaries distributed under the href="http://spatialnews.geocomm.com/features/timezones/">International Time Zones and Time Zone Data</a>.</li> <li>A ship within the <a -href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_waters">territorial +href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_waters">territorial waters</a> of any nation uses that nation's time. In international waters, time zone boundaries are meridians 15° apart, except that <abbr>UTC</abbr>−12 and <abbr>UTC</abbr>+12 are each 7.5° @@ -543,11 +547,6 @@ Saving Energy</a> discusses a primary justification for <abbr>DST</abbr>.</li> <li><a href="http://seizethedaylight.com/dst/">A Brief History of Daylight Saving Time</a> summarizes some of the contentious history of <abbr>DST</abbr>.</li> -<li><a href="http://toi.inrim.it/uk/toi.html">The -Time of Internet</a> -describes time zones and daylight saving time, -with diagrams. -The time zone map is out of date, however.</li> <li><a href="http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm">A History of the International Date Line</a> tells the story of the most important time zone boundary.</li> @@ -619,6 +618,10 @@ with perhaps the best-documented history of clock adjustments. The National Physical Laboratory also maintains an <a href="http://www.npl.co.uk/educate-explore/what-is-time/archive-of-summer-time-dates-1916-2006">Archive of Summer time dates</a>.</dd> +<dt>United States</dt> +<dd>The Department of Transportation's <a +href="http://www.transportation.gov/regulations/recent-time-zone-proceedings">Recent +Time Zone Proceedings</a> lists changes to time zone boundaries.</dd> </dl> <h2>Precision timekeeping</h2> <ul> @@ -640,7 +643,7 @@ href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4833">Timezone Options for <abbr title="Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol">DHCP</abbr></a> (Internet <abbr>RFC</abbr> 4833) specifies a <a -href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol"><abbr>DHCP</abbr></a> +href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol"><abbr>DHCP</abbr></a> option for a server to configure a client's time zone and daylight saving settings automatically.</li> <li><a href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/GMT.UT.and.the.RGO.html">A Few Facts @@ -661,7 +664,7 @@ title="International Astronomical Union">IAU</abbr></a>'s <a href="http://www.iausofa.org"><abbr title="Standards Of Fundamental Astronomy">SOFA</abbr></a> collection contains C and <a -href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran">Fortran</a> +href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran">Fortran</a> code for converting among time scales like <abbr title="International Atomic Time">TAI</abbr>, <abbr>TDB</abbr>, <abbr>TDT</abbr> and @@ -773,13 +776,9 @@ any future changes to the rules. One should never set local time is nine hours ahead of <abbr>UTC</abbr> and the time zone is called "<abbr>GMT</abbr>".</li> </ul> -<h2>Related indexes</h2> +<h2>See also</h2> <ul> <li><a href="tz-art.htm">Time and the Arts</a></li> -<li><a href="http://www.dmoz.org/Reference/Time/">Open Directory – -Reference: Time</a></li> -<li><a href="https://dir.yahoo.com/science/measurements_and_units/time">Yahoo! -Directory > Science > Measurements and Units > Time</a></li> </ul> <hr> <address> |