path: root/src/corelib/io/qurlrecode.cpp

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#include "qurl.h"
#include "private/qutfcodec_p.h"
#include "private/qtools_p.h"
#include "private/qsimd_p.h"

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE

// ### move to qurl_p.h
enum EncodingAction {
    DecodeCharacter = 0,
    LeaveCharacter = 1,
    EncodeCharacter = 2
};

// From RFC 3896, Appendix A Collected ABNF for URI
//    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
//    reserved      = gen-delims / sub-delims
//    gen-delims    = ":" / "/" / "?" / "#" / "[" / "]" / "@"
//    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
//                  / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
static const uchar defaultActionTable[96] = {
    2, // space
    1, // '!' (sub-delim)
    2, // '"'
    1, // '#' (gen-delim)
    1, // '$' (gen-delim)
    2, // '%' (percent)
    1, // '&' (gen-delim)
    1, // "'" (sub-delim)
    1, // '(' (sub-delim)
    1, // ')' (sub-delim)
    1, // '*' (sub-delim)
    1, // '+' (sub-delim)
    1, // ',' (sub-delim)
    0, // '-' (unreserved)
    0, // '.' (unreserved)
    1, // '/' (gen-delim)

    0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  // '0' to '4' (unreserved)
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  // '5' to '9' (unreserved)
    1, // ':' (gen-delim)
    1, // ';' (sub-delim)
    2, // '<'
    1, // '=' (sub-delim)
    2, // '>'
    1, // '?' (gen-delim)

    1, // '@' (gen-delim)
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  // 'A' to 'E' (unreserved)
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  // 'F' to 'J' (unreserved)
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  // 'K' to 'O' (unreserved)
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  // 'P' to 'T' (unreserved)
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  // 'U' to 'Z' (unreserved)
    1, // '[' (gen-delim)
    2, // '\'
    1, // ']' (gen-delim)
    2, // '^'
    0, // '_' (unreserved)

    2, // '`'
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  // 'a' to 'e' (unreserved)
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  // 'f' to 'j' (unreserved)
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  // 'k' to 'o' (unreserved)
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  // 'p' to 't' (unreserved)
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  // 'u' to 'z' (unreserved)
    2, // '{'
    2, // '|'
    2, // '}'
    0, // '~' (unreserved)

    2  // BSKP
};

// mask tables, in negative polarity
// 0x00 if it belongs to this category
// 0xff if it doesn't

static const uchar reservedMask[96] = {
    0xff, // space
    0xff, // '!' (sub-delim)
    0x00, // '"'
    0xff, // '#' (gen-delim)
    0xff, // '$' (gen-delim)
    0xff, // '%' (percent)
    0xff, // '&' (gen-delim)
    0xff, // "'" (sub-delim)
    0xff, // '(' (sub-delim)
    0xff, // ')' (sub-delim)
    0xff, // '*' (sub-delim)
    0xff, // '+' (sub-delim)
    0xff, // ',' (sub-delim)
    0xff, // '-' (unreserved)
    0xff, // '.' (unreserved)
    0xff, // '/' (gen-delim)

    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,  // '0' to '4' (unreserved)
    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,  // '5' to '9' (unreserved)
    0xff, // ':' (gen-delim)
    0xff, // ';' (sub-delim)
    0x00, // '<'
    0xff, // '=' (sub-delim)
    0x00, // '>'
    0xff, // '?' (gen-delim)

    0xff, // '@' (gen-delim)
    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,  // 'A' to 'E' (unreserved)
    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,  // 'F' to 'J' (unreserved)
    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,  // 'K' to 'O' (unreserved)
    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,  // 'P' to 'T' (unreserved)
    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,  // 'U' to 'Z' (unreserved)
    0xff, // '[' (gen-delim)
    0x00, // '\'
    0xff, // ']' (gen-delim)
    0x00, // '^'
    0xff, // '_' (unreserved)

    0x00, // '`'
    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,  // 'a' to 'e' (unreserved)
    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,  // 'f' to 'j' (unreserved)
    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,  // 'k' to 'o' (unreserved)
    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,  // 'p' to 't' (unreserved)
    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,  // 'u' to 'z' (unreserved)
    0x00, // '{'
    0x00, // '|'
    0x00, // '}'
    0xff, // '~' (unreserved)

    0xff  // BSKP
};

static inline bool isHex(ushort c)
{
    return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') ||
            (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') ||
            (c >= '0' && c <= '9');
}

static inline bool isUpperHex(ushort c)
{
    // undefined behaviour if c isn't an hex char!
    return c < 0x60;
}

static inline ushort toUpperHex(ushort c)
{
    return isUpperHex(c) ? c : c - 0x20;
}

static inline ushort decodeNibble(ushort c)
{
    return c >= 'a' ? c - 'a' + 0xA :
           c >= 'A' ? c - 'A' + 0xA : c - '0';
}

// if the sequence at input is 2*HEXDIG, returns its decoding
// returns -1 if it isn't.
// assumes that the range has been checked already
static inline ushort decodePercentEncoding(const ushort *input)
{
    ushort c1 = input[1];
    ushort c2 = input[2];
    if (!isHex(c1) || !isHex(c2))
        return ushort(-1);
    return decodeNibble(c1) << 4 | decodeNibble(c2);
}

static inline ushort encodeNibble(ushort c)
{
    return ushort(QtMiscUtils::toHexUpper(c));
}

static void ensureDetached(QString &result, ushort *&output, const ushort *begin, const ushort *input, const ushort *end,
                           int add = 0)
{
    if (!output) {
        // now detach
        // create enough space if the rest of the string needed to be percent-encoded
        int charsProcessed = input - begin;
        int charsRemaining = end - input;
        int spaceNeeded = end - begin + 2 * charsRemaining + add;
        int origSize = result.size();
        result.resize(origSize + spaceNeeded);

        // we know that resize() above detached, so we bypass the reference count check
        output = const_cast<ushort *>(reinterpret_cast<const ushort *>(result.constData()))
                 + origSize;

        // copy the chars we've already processed
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < charsProcessed; ++i)
            output[i] = begin[i];
        output += i;
    }
}

namespace {
struct QUrlUtf8Traits : public QUtf8BaseTraitsNoAscii
{
    // From RFC 3987:
    //    iunreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~" / ucschar
    //
    //    ucschar        = %xA0-D7FF / %xF900-FDCF / %xFDF0-FFEF
    //                   / %x10000-1FFFD / %x20000-2FFFD / %x30000-3FFFD
    //                   / %x40000-4FFFD / %x50000-5FFFD / %x60000-6FFFD
    //                   / %x70000-7FFFD / %x80000-8FFFD / %x90000-9FFFD
    //                   / %xA0000-AFFFD / %xB0000-BFFFD / %xC0000-CFFFD
    //                   / %xD0000-DFFFD / %xE1000-EFFFD
    //
    //    iprivate       = %xE000-F8FF / %xF0000-FFFFD / %x100000-10FFFD
    //
    // That RFC allows iprivate only as part of iquery, but we don't know here
    // whether we're looking at a query or another part of an URI, so we accept
    // them too. The definition above excludes U+FFF0 to U+FFFD from appearing
    // unencoded, but we see no reason for its exclusion, so we allow them to
    // be decoded (and we need U+FFFD the replacement character to indicate
    // failure to decode).
    //
    // That means we must disallow:
    //  * unpaired surrogates (QUtf8Functions takes care of that for us)
    //  * non-characters
    static const bool allowNonCharacters = false;

    // override: our "bytes" are three percent-encoded UTF-16 characters
    static void appendByte(ushort *&ptr, uchar b)
    {
        // b >= 0x80, by construction, so percent-encode
        *ptr++ = '%';
        *ptr++ = encodeNibble(b >> 4);
        *ptr++ = encodeNibble(b & 0xf);
    }

    static uchar peekByte(const ushort *ptr, int n = 0)
    {
        // decodePercentEncoding returns ushort(-1) if it can't decode,
        // which means we return 0xff, which is not a valid continuation byte.
        // If ptr[i * 3] is not '%', we'll multiply by zero and return 0,
        // also not a valid continuation byte (if it's '%', we multiply by 1).
        return uchar(decodePercentEncoding(ptr + n * 3))
                * uchar(ptr[n * 3] == '%');
    }

    static qptrdiff availableBytes(const ushort *ptr, const ushort *end)
    {
        return (end - ptr) / 3;
    }

    static void advanceByte(const ushort *&ptr, int n = 1)
    {
        ptr += n * 3;
    }
};
}

// returns true if we performed an UTF-8 decoding
static bool encodedUtf8ToUtf16(QString &result, ushort *&output, const ushort *begin, const ushort *&input,
                               const ushort *end, ushort decoded)
{
    uint ucs4, *dst = &ucs4;
    const ushort *src = input + 3;// skip the %XX that yielded \a decoded
    int charsNeeded = QUtf8Functions::fromUtf8<QUrlUtf8Traits>(decoded, dst, src, end);
    if (charsNeeded < 0)
        return false;

    if (!QChar::requiresSurrogates(ucs4)) {
        // UTF-8 decoded and no surrogates are required
        // detach if necessary
        // possibilities are: 6 chars (%XX%XX) -> one char; 9 chars (%XX%XX%XX) -> one char
        ensureDetached(result, output, begin, input, end, -3 * charsNeeded + 1);
        *output++ = ucs4;
    } else {
        // UTF-8 decoded to something that requires a surrogate pair
        // compressing from %XX%XX%XX%XX (12 chars) to two
        ensureDetached(result, output, begin, input, end, -10);
        *output++ = QChar::highSurrogate(ucs4);
        *output++ = QChar::lowSurrogate(ucs4);
    }

    input = src - 1;
    return true;
}

static void unicodeToEncodedUtf8(QString &result, ushort *&output, const ushort *begin,
                                 const ushort *&input, const ushort *end, ushort decoded)
{
    // calculate the utf8 length and ensure enough space is available
    int utf8len = QChar::isHighSurrogate(decoded) ? 4 : decoded >= 0x800 ? 3 : 2;

    // detach
    if (!output) {
        // we need 3 * utf8len for the encoded UTF-8 sequence
        // but ensureDetached already adds 3 for the char we're processing
        ensureDetached(result, output, begin, input, end, 3*utf8len - 3);
    } else {
        // verify that there's enough space or expand
        int charsRemaining = end - input - 1; // not including this one
        int pos = output - reinterpret_cast<const ushort *>(result.constData());
        int spaceRemaining = result.size() - pos;
        if (spaceRemaining < 3*charsRemaining + 3*utf8len) {
            // must resize
            result.resize(result.size() + 3*utf8len);

            // we know that resize() above detached, so we bypass the reference count check
            output = const_cast<ushort *>(reinterpret_cast<const ushort *>(result.constData()));
            output += pos;
        }
    }

    ++input;
    int res = QUtf8Functions::toUtf8<QUrlUtf8Traits>(decoded, output, input, end);
    --input;
    if (res < 0) {
        // bad surrogate pair sequence
        // we will encode bad UTF-16 to UTF-8
        // but they don't get decoded back

        // first of three bytes
        uchar c = 0xe0 | uchar(decoded >> 12);
        *output++ = '%';
        *output++ = 'E';
        *output++ = encodeNibble(c & 0xf);

        // second byte
        c = 0x80 | (uchar(decoded >> 6) & 0x3f);
        *output++ = '%';
        *output++ = encodeNibble(c >> 4);
        *output++ = encodeNibble(c & 0xf);

        // third byte
        c = 0x80 | (decoded & 0x3f);
        *output++ = '%';
        *output++ = encodeNibble(c >> 4);
        *output++ = encodeNibble(c & 0xf);
    }
}

static int recode(QString &result, const ushort *begin, const ushort *end, QUrl::ComponentFormattingOptions encoding,
                  const uchar *actionTable, bool retryBadEncoding)
{
    const int origSize = result.size();
    const ushort *input = begin;
    ushort *output = 0;

    EncodingAction action = EncodeCharacter;
    for ( ; input != end; ++input) {
        ushort c;
        // try a run where no change is necessary
        for ( ; input != end; ++input) {
            c = *input;
            if (c < 0x20U)
                action = EncodeCharacter;
            if (c < 0x20U || c >= 0x80U) // also: (c - 0x20 < 0x60U)
                goto non_trivial;
            action = EncodingAction(actionTable[c - ' ']);
            if (action == EncodeCharacter)
                goto non_trivial;
            if (output)
                *output++ = c;
        }
        break;

non_trivial:
        uint decoded;
        if (c == '%' && retryBadEncoding) {
            // always write "%25"
            ensureDetached(result, output, begin, input, end);
            *output++ = '%';
            *output++ = '2';
            *output++ = '5';
            continue;
        } else if (c == '%') {
            // check if the input is valid
            if (input + 2 >= end || (decoded = decodePercentEncoding(input)) == ushort(-1)) {
                // not valid, retry
                result.resize(origSize);
                return recode(result, begin, end, encoding, actionTable, true);
            }

            if (decoded >= 0x80) {
                // decode the UTF-8 sequence
                if (!(encoding & QUrl::EncodeUnicode) &&
                        encodedUtf8ToUtf16(result, output, begin, input, end, decoded))
                    continue;

                // decoding the encoded UTF-8 failed
                action = LeaveCharacter;
            } else if (decoded >= 0x20) {
                action = EncodingAction(actionTable[decoded - ' ']);
            }
        } else {
            decoded = c;
            if (decoded >= 0x80 && encoding & QUrl::EncodeUnicode) {
                // encode the UTF-8 sequence
                unicodeToEncodedUtf8(result, output, begin, input, end, decoded);
                continue;
            } else if (decoded >= 0x80) {
                if (output)
                    *output++ = c;
                continue;
            }
        }

        // there are six possibilities:
        //  current \ action  | DecodeCharacter | LeaveCharacter | EncodeCharacter
        //      decoded       |    1:leave      |    2:leave     |    3:encode
        //      encoded       |    4:decode     |    5:leave     |    6:leave
        // cases 1 and 2 were handled before this section

        if (c == '%' && action != DecodeCharacter) {
            // cases 5 and 6: it's encoded and we're leaving it as it is
            // except we're pedantic and we'll uppercase the hex
            if (output || !isUpperHex(input[1]) || !isUpperHex(input[2])) {
                ensureDetached(result, output, begin, input, end);
                *output++ = '%';
                *output++ = toUpperHex(*++input);
                *output++ = toUpperHex(*++input);
            }
        } else if (c == '%' && action == DecodeCharacter) {
            // case 4: we need to decode
            ensureDetached(result, output, begin, input, end);
            *output++ = decoded;
            input += 2;
        } else {
            // must be case 3: we need to encode
            ensureDetached(result, output, begin, input, end);
            *output++ = '%';
            *output++ = encodeNibble(c >> 4);
            *output++ = encodeNibble(c & 0xf);
        }
    }

    if (output) {
        int len = output - reinterpret_cast<const ushort *>(result.constData());
        result.truncate(len);
        return len - origSize;
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Returns true if the input it checked (if it checked anything) is not
 * encoded. A return of false indicates there's a percent at \a input that
 * needs to be decoded.
 */
#ifdef __SSE2__
static bool simdCheckNonEncoded(ushort *&output, const ushort *&input, const ushort *end)
{
#  ifdef __AVX2__
    const __m256i percents256 = _mm256_broadcastw_epi16(_mm_cvtsi32_si128('%'));
    const __m128i percents = _mm256_castsi256_si128(percents256);
#  else
    const __m128i percents = _mm_set1_epi16('%');
#  endif

    uint idx = 0;
    quint32 mask = 0;
    if (input + 16 <= end) {
        qptrdiff offset = 0;
        for ( ; input + offset + 16 <= end; offset += 16) {
#  ifdef __AVX2__
            // do 32 bytes at a time using AVX2
            __m256i data = _mm256_loadu_si256(reinterpret_cast<const __m256i *>(input + offset));
            __m256i comparison = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(data, percents256);
            mask = _mm256_movemask_epi8(comparison);
            _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(output + offset), data);
#  else
            // do 32 bytes at a time using unrolled SSE2
            __m128i data1 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input + offset));
            __m128i data2 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input + offset + 8));
            __m128i comparison1 = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(data1, percents);
            __m128i comparison2 = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(data2, percents);
            uint mask1 = _mm_movemask_epi8(comparison1);
            uint mask2 = _mm_movemask_epi8(comparison2);

            _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(output + offset), data1);
            if (!mask1)
                _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(output + offset + 8), data2);
            mask = mask1 | (mask2 << 16);
#  endif

            if (mask) {
                idx = qCountTrailingZeroBits(mask) / 2;
                break;
            }
        }

        input += offset;
        if (output)
            output += offset;
    } else if (input + 8 <= end) {
        // do 16 bytes at a time
        __m128i data = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input));
        __m128i comparison = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(data, percents);
        mask = _mm_movemask_epi8(comparison);
        _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(output), data);
        idx = qCountTrailingZeroBits(quint16(mask)) / 2;
    } else if (input + 4 <= end) {
        // do 8 bytes only
        __m128i data = _mm_loadl_epi64(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input));
        __m128i comparison = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(data, percents);
        mask = _mm_movemask_epi8(comparison) & 0xffu;
        _mm_storel_epi64(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(output), data);
        idx = qCountTrailingZeroBits(quint8(mask)) / 2;
    } else {
        // no percents found (because we didn't check)
        return true;
    }

    // advance to the next non-encoded
    input += idx;
    output += idx;

    return !mask;
}
#else
static bool simdCheckNonEncoded(...)
{
    return true;
}
#endif

/*!
    \since 5.0
    \internal

    This function decodes a percent-encoded string located from \a begin to \a
    end, by appending each character to \a appendTo. It returns the number of
    characters appended. Each percent-encoded sequence is decoded as follows:

    \list
      \li from %00 to %7F: the exact decoded value is appended;
      \li from %80 to %FF: QChar::ReplacementCharacter is appended;
      \li bad encoding: original input is copied to the output, undecoded.
    \endlist

    Given the above, it's important for the input to already have all UTF-8
    percent sequences decoded by qt_urlRecode (that is, the input should not
    have been processed with QUrl::EncodeUnicode).

    The input should also be a valid percent-encoded sequence (the output of
    qt_urlRecode is always valid).
*/
static int decode(QString &appendTo, const ushort *begin, const ushort *end)
{
    // fast check whether there's anything to be decoded in the first place
    const ushort *input = QtPrivate::qustrchr(QStringView(begin, end), '%');
    if (Q_LIKELY(input == end))
        return 0;           // nothing to do, it was already decoded!

    // detach
    const int origSize = appendTo.size();
    appendTo.resize(origSize + (end - begin));
    ushort *output = reinterpret_cast<ushort *>(appendTo.begin()) + origSize;
    memcpy(static_cast<void *>(output), static_cast<const void *>(begin), (input - begin) * sizeof(ushort));
    output += input - begin;

    while (input != end) {
        // something was encoded
        Q_ASSERT(*input == '%');

        if (Q_UNLIKELY(end - input < 3 || !isHex(input[1]) || !isHex(input[2]))) {
            // badly-encoded data
            appendTo.resize(origSize + (end - begin));
            memcpy(static_cast<void *>(appendTo.begin() + origSize), static_cast<const void *>(begin), (end - begin) * sizeof(ushort));
            return end - begin;
        }

        ++input;
        *output++ = decodeNibble(input[0]) << 4 | decodeNibble(input[1]);
        if (output[-1] >= 0x80)
            output[-1] = QChar::ReplacementCharacter;
        input += 2;

        // search for the next percent, copying from input to output
        if (simdCheckNonEncoded(output, input, end)) {
            while (input != end) {
                ushort uc = *input;
                if (uc == '%')
                    break;
                *output++ = uc;
                ++input;
            }
        }
    }

    int len = output - reinterpret_cast<ushort *>(appendTo.begin());
    appendTo.truncate(len);
    return len - origSize;
}

template <size_t N>
static void maskTable(uchar (&table)[N], const uchar (&mask)[N])
{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
        table[i] &= mask[i];
}

/*!
    \internal

    Recodes the string from \a begin to \a end. If any transformations are
    done, append them to \a appendTo and return the number of characters added.
    If no transformations were required, return 0.

    The \a encoding option modifies the default behaviour:
    \list
    \li QUrl::DecodeReserved: if set, reserved characters will be decoded;
                              if unset, reserved characters will be encoded
    \li QUrl::EncodeSpaces: if set, spaces will be encoded to "%20"; if unset, they will be " "
    \li QUrl::EncodeUnicode: if set, characters above U+0080 will be encoded to their UTF-8
                             percent-encoded form; if unset, they will be decoded to UTF-16
    \li QUrl::FullyDecoded: if set, this function will decode all percent-encoded sequences,
                            including that of the percent character. The resulting string
                            will not be percent-encoded anymore. Use with caution!
                            In this mode, the behaviour is undefined if the input string
                            contains any percent-encoding sequences above %80.
                            Also, the function will not correct bad % sequences.
    \endlist

    Other flags are ignored (including QUrl::EncodeReserved).

    The \a tableModifications argument can be used to supply extra
    modifications to the tables, to be applied after the flags above are
    handled. It consists of a sequence of 16-bit values, where the low 8 bits
    indicate the character in question and the high 8 bits are either \c
    EncodeCharacter, \c LeaveCharacter or \c DecodeCharacter.

    This function corrects percent-encoded errors by interpreting every '%' as
    meaning "%25" (all percents in the same content).
 */

Q_AUTOTEST_EXPORT int
qt_urlRecode(QString &appendTo, const QChar *begin, const QChar *end,
             QUrl::ComponentFormattingOptions encoding, const ushort *tableModifications)
{
    uchar actionTable[sizeof defaultActionTable];
    if (encoding == QUrl::FullyDecoded) {
        return decode(appendTo, reinterpret_cast<const ushort *>(begin), reinterpret_cast<const ushort *>(end));
    }

    memcpy(actionTable, defaultActionTable, sizeof actionTable);
    if (encoding & QUrl::DecodeReserved)
        maskTable(actionTable, reservedMask);
    if (!(encoding & QUrl::EncodeSpaces))
        actionTable[0] = DecodeCharacter; // decode

    if (tableModifications) {
        for (const ushort *p = tableModifications; *p; ++p)
            actionTable[uchar(*p) - ' '] = *p >> 8;
    }

    return recode(appendTo, reinterpret_cast<const ushort *>(begin), reinterpret_cast<const ushort *>(end),
                  encoding, actionTable, false);
}

// qstring.cpp
bool qt_is_ascii(const char *&ptr, const char *end) Q_DECL_NOTHROW;

/*!
    \internal
    \since 5.0

    \a ba contains an 8-bit form of the component and it might be
    percent-encoded already. We can't use QString::fromUtf8 because it might
    contain non-UTF8 sequences. We can't use QByteArray::toPercentEncoding
    because it might already contain percent-encoded sequences. We can't use
    qt_urlRecode because it needs UTF-16 input.
*/
Q_AUTOTEST_EXPORT
QString qt_urlRecodeByteArray(const QByteArray &ba)
{
    if (ba.isNull())
        return QString();

    // scan ba for anything above or equal to 0x80
    // control points below 0x20 are fine in QString
    const char *in = ba.constData();
    const char *const end = ba.constEnd();
    if (qt_is_ascii(in, end)) {
        // no non-ASCII found, we're safe to convert to QString
        return QString::fromLatin1(ba, ba.size());
    }

    // we found something that we need to encode
    QByteArray intermediate = ba;
    intermediate.resize(ba.size() * 3 - (in - ba.constData()));
    uchar *out = reinterpret_cast<uchar *>(intermediate.data() + (in - ba.constData()));
    for ( ; in < end; ++in) {
        if (*in & 0x80) {
            // encode
            *out++ = '%';
            *out++ = encodeNibble(uchar(*in) >> 4);
            *out++ = encodeNibble(uchar(*in) & 0xf);
        } else {
            // keep
            *out++ = uchar(*in);
        }
    }

    // now it's safe to call fromLatin1
    return QString::fromLatin1(intermediate, out - reinterpret_cast<uchar *>(intermediate.data()));
}

QT_END_NAMESPACE