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+# Copyright (c) 2011 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+# found in the LICENSE file.
+
+"""Provides utility functions for TCP/UDP echo servers and clients.
+
+This program has classes and functions to encode, decode, calculate checksum
+and verify the "echo request" and "echo response" messages. "echo request"
+message is an echo message sent from the client to the server. "echo response"
+message is a response from the server to the "echo request" message from the
+client.
+
+The format of "echo request" message is
+<version><checksum><payload_size><payload>. <version> is the version number
+of the "echo request" protocol. <checksum> is the checksum of the <payload>.
+<payload_size> is the size of the <payload>. <payload> is the echo message.
+
+The format of "echo response" message is
+<version><checksum><payload_size><key><encoded_payload>.<version>,
+<checksum> and <payload_size> are same as what is in the "echo request" message.
+<encoded_payload> is encoded version of the <payload>. <key> is a randomly
+generated key that is used to encode/decode the <payload>.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'rtenneti@google.com (Raman Tenneti)'
+
+
+from itertools import cycle
+from itertools import izip
+import random
+
+
+class EchoHeader(object):
+ """Class to keep header info of the EchoRequest and EchoResponse messages.
+
+ This class knows how to parse the checksum, payload_size from the
+ "echo request" and "echo response" messages. It holds the checksum,
+ payload_size of the "echo request" and "echo response" messages.
+ """
+
+ # This specifies the version.
+ VERSION_STRING = '01'
+
+ # This specifies the starting position of the checksum and length of the
+ # checksum. Maximum value for the checksum is less than (2 ** 31 - 1).
+ CHECKSUM_START = 2
+ CHECKSUM_LENGTH = 10
+ CHECKSUM_FORMAT = '%010d'
+ CHECKSUM_END = CHECKSUM_START + CHECKSUM_LENGTH
+
+ # This specifies the starting position of the <payload_size> and length of the
+ # <payload_size>. Maximum number of bytes that can be sent in the <payload> is
+ # 9,999,999.
+ PAYLOAD_SIZE_START = CHECKSUM_END
+ PAYLOAD_SIZE_LENGTH = 7
+ PAYLOAD_SIZE_FORMAT = '%07d'
+ PAYLOAD_SIZE_END = PAYLOAD_SIZE_START + PAYLOAD_SIZE_LENGTH
+
+ def __init__(self, checksum=0, payload_size=0):
+ """Initializes the checksum and payload_size of self (EchoHeader).
+
+ Args:
+ checksum: (int)
+ The checksum of the payload.
+ payload_size: (int)
+ The size of the payload.
+ """
+ self.checksum = checksum
+ self.payload_size = payload_size
+
+ def ParseAndInitialize(self, echo_message):
+ """Parses the echo_message and initializes self with the parsed data.
+
+ This method extracts checksum, and payload_size from the echo_message
+ (echo_message could be either echo_request or echo_response messages) and
+ initializes self (EchoHeader) with checksum and payload_size.
+
+ Args:
+ echo_message: (string)
+ The string representation of EchoRequest or EchoResponse objects.
+ Raises:
+ ValueError: Invalid data
+ """
+ if not echo_message or len(echo_message) < EchoHeader.PAYLOAD_SIZE_END:
+ raise ValueError('Invalid data:%s' % echo_message)
+ self.checksum = int(echo_message[
+ EchoHeader.CHECKSUM_START:EchoHeader.CHECKSUM_END])
+ self.payload_size = int(echo_message[
+ EchoHeader.PAYLOAD_SIZE_START:EchoHeader.PAYLOAD_SIZE_END])
+
+ def InitializeFromPayload(self, payload):
+ """Initializes the EchoHeader object with the payload.
+
+ It calculates checksum for the payload and initializes self (EchoHeader)
+ with the calculated checksum and size of the payload.
+
+ This method is used by the client code during testing.
+
+ Args:
+ payload: (string)
+ The payload is the echo string (like 'hello').
+ Raises:
+ ValueError: Invalid data
+ """
+ if not payload:
+ raise ValueError('Invalid data:%s' % payload)
+ self.payload_size = len(payload)
+ self.checksum = Checksum(payload, self.payload_size)
+
+ def __str__(self):
+ """String representation of the self (EchoHeader).
+
+ Returns:
+ A string representation of self (EchoHeader).
+ """
+ checksum_string = EchoHeader.CHECKSUM_FORMAT % self.checksum
+ payload_size_string = EchoHeader.PAYLOAD_SIZE_FORMAT % self.payload_size
+ return EchoHeader.VERSION_STRING + checksum_string + payload_size_string
+
+
+class EchoRequest(EchoHeader):
+ """Class holds data specific to the "echo request" message.
+
+ This class holds the payload extracted from the "echo request" message.
+ """
+
+ # This specifies the starting position of the <payload>.
+ PAYLOAD_START = EchoHeader.PAYLOAD_SIZE_END
+
+ def __init__(self):
+ """Initializes EchoRequest object."""
+ EchoHeader.__init__(self)
+ self.payload = ''
+
+ def ParseAndInitialize(self, echo_request_data):
+ """Parses and Initializes the EchoRequest object from the echo_request_data.
+
+ This method extracts the header information (checksum and payload_size) and
+ payload from echo_request_data.
+
+ Args:
+ echo_request_data: (string)
+ The string representation of EchoRequest object.
+ Raises:
+ ValueError: Invalid data
+ """
+ EchoHeader.ParseAndInitialize(self, echo_request_data)
+ if len(echo_request_data) <= EchoRequest.PAYLOAD_START:
+ raise ValueError('Invalid data:%s' % echo_request_data)
+ self.payload = echo_request_data[EchoRequest.PAYLOAD_START:]
+
+ def InitializeFromPayload(self, payload):
+ """Initializes the EchoRequest object with payload.
+
+ It calculates checksum for the payload and initializes self (EchoRequest)
+ object.
+
+ Args:
+ payload: (string)
+ The payload string for which "echo request" needs to be constructed.
+ """
+ EchoHeader.InitializeFromPayload(self, payload)
+ self.payload = payload
+
+ def __str__(self):
+ """String representation of the self (EchoRequest).
+
+ Returns:
+ A string representation of self (EchoRequest).
+ """
+ return EchoHeader.__str__(self) + self.payload
+
+
+class EchoResponse(EchoHeader):
+ """Class holds data specific to the "echo response" message.
+
+ This class knows how to parse the "echo response" message. This class holds
+ key, encoded_payload and decoded_payload of the "echo response" message.
+ """
+
+ # This specifies the starting position of the |key_| and length of the |key_|.
+ # Minimum and maximum values for the |key_| are 100,000 and 999,999.
+ KEY_START = EchoHeader.PAYLOAD_SIZE_END
+ KEY_LENGTH = 6
+ KEY_FORMAT = '%06d'
+ KEY_END = KEY_START + KEY_LENGTH
+ KEY_MIN_VALUE = 0
+ KEY_MAX_VALUE = 999999
+
+ # This specifies the starting position of the <encoded_payload> and length
+ # of the <encoded_payload>.
+ ENCODED_PAYLOAD_START = KEY_END
+
+ def __init__(self, key='', encoded_payload='', decoded_payload=''):
+ """Initializes the EchoResponse object."""
+ EchoHeader.__init__(self)
+ self.key = key
+ self.encoded_payload = encoded_payload
+ self.decoded_payload = decoded_payload
+
+ def ParseAndInitialize(self, echo_response_data=None):
+ """Parses and Initializes the EchoResponse object from echo_response_data.
+
+ This method calls EchoHeader to extract header information from the
+ echo_response_data and it then extracts key and encoded_payload from the
+ echo_response_data. It holds the decoded payload of the encoded_payload.
+
+ Args:
+ echo_response_data: (string)
+ The string representation of EchoResponse object.
+ Raises:
+ ValueError: Invalid echo_request_data
+ """
+ EchoHeader.ParseAndInitialize(self, echo_response_data)
+ if len(echo_response_data) <= EchoResponse.ENCODED_PAYLOAD_START:
+ raise ValueError('Invalid echo_response_data:%s' % echo_response_data)
+ self.key = echo_response_data[EchoResponse.KEY_START:EchoResponse.KEY_END]
+ self.encoded_payload = echo_response_data[
+ EchoResponse.ENCODED_PAYLOAD_START:]
+ self.decoded_payload = Crypt(self.encoded_payload, self.key)
+
+ def InitializeFromEchoRequest(self, echo_request):
+ """Initializes EchoResponse with the data from the echo_request object.
+
+ It gets the checksum, payload_size and payload from the echo_request object
+ and then encodes the payload with a random key. It also saves the payload
+ as decoded_payload.
+
+ Args:
+ echo_request: (EchoRequest)
+ The EchoRequest object which has "echo request" message.
+ """
+ self.checksum = echo_request.checksum
+ self.payload_size = echo_request.payload_size
+ self.key = (EchoResponse.KEY_FORMAT %
+ random.randrange(EchoResponse.KEY_MIN_VALUE,
+ EchoResponse.KEY_MAX_VALUE))
+ self.encoded_payload = Crypt(echo_request.payload, self.key)
+ self.decoded_payload = echo_request.payload
+
+ def __str__(self):
+ """String representation of the self (EchoResponse).
+
+ Returns:
+ A string representation of self (EchoResponse).
+ """
+ return EchoHeader.__str__(self) + self.key + self.encoded_payload
+
+
+def Crypt(payload, key):
+ """Encodes/decodes the payload with the key and returns encoded payload.
+
+ This method loops through the payload and XORs each byte with the key.
+
+ Args:
+ payload: (string)
+ The string to be encoded/decoded.
+ key: (string)
+ The key used to encode/decode the payload.
+
+ Returns:
+ An encoded/decoded string.
+ """
+ return ''.join(chr(ord(x) ^ ord(y)) for (x, y) in izip(payload, cycle(key)))
+
+
+def Checksum(payload, payload_size):
+ """Calculates the checksum of the payload.
+
+ Args:
+ payload: (string)
+ The payload string for which checksum needs to be calculated.
+ payload_size: (int)
+ The number of bytes in the payload.
+
+ Returns:
+ The checksum of the payload.
+ """
+ checksum = 0
+ length = min(payload_size, len(payload))
+ for i in range (0, length):
+ checksum += ord(payload[i])
+ return checksum
+
+
+def GetEchoRequestData(payload):
+ """Constructs an "echo request" message from the payload.
+
+ It builds an EchoRequest object from the payload and then returns a string
+ representation of the EchoRequest object.
+
+ This is used by the TCP/UDP echo clients to build the "echo request" message.
+
+ Args:
+ payload: (string)
+ The payload string for which "echo request" needs to be constructed.
+
+ Returns:
+ A string representation of the EchoRequest object.
+ Raises:
+ ValueError: Invalid payload
+ """
+ try:
+ echo_request = EchoRequest()
+ echo_request.InitializeFromPayload(payload)
+ return str(echo_request)
+ except (IndexError, ValueError):
+ raise ValueError('Invalid payload:%s' % payload)
+
+
+def GetEchoResponseData(echo_request_data):
+ """Verifies the echo_request_data and returns "echo response" message.
+
+ It builds the EchoRequest object from the echo_request_data and then verifies
+ the checksum of the EchoRequest is same as the calculated checksum of the
+ payload. If the checksums don't match then it returns None. It checksums
+ match, it builds the echo_response object from echo_request object and returns
+ string representation of the EchoResponse object.
+
+ This is used by the TCP/UDP echo servers.
+
+ Args:
+ echo_request_data: (string)
+ The string that echo servers send to the clients.
+
+ Returns:
+ A string representation of the EchoResponse object. It returns None if the
+ echo_request_data is not valid.
+ Raises:
+ ValueError: Invalid echo_request_data
+ """
+ try:
+ if not echo_request_data:
+ raise ValueError('Invalid payload:%s' % echo_request_data)
+
+ echo_request = EchoRequest()
+ echo_request.ParseAndInitialize(echo_request_data)
+
+ if Checksum(echo_request.payload,
+ echo_request.payload_size) != echo_request.checksum:
+ return None
+
+ echo_response = EchoResponse()
+ echo_response.InitializeFromEchoRequest(echo_request)
+
+ return str(echo_response)
+ except (IndexError, ValueError):
+ raise ValueError('Invalid payload:%s' % echo_request_data)
+
+
+def DecodeAndVerify(echo_request_data, echo_response_data):
+ """Decodes and verifies the echo_response_data.
+
+ It builds EchoRequest and EchoResponse objects from the echo_request_data and
+ echo_response_data. It returns True if the EchoResponse's payload and
+ checksum match EchoRequest's.
+
+ This is used by the TCP/UDP echo clients for testing purposes.
+
+ Args:
+ echo_request_data: (string)
+ The request clients sent to echo servers.
+ echo_response_data: (string)
+ The response clients received from the echo servers.
+
+ Returns:
+ True if echo_request_data and echo_response_data match.
+ Raises:
+ ValueError: Invalid echo_request_data or Invalid echo_response
+ """
+
+ try:
+ echo_request = EchoRequest()
+ echo_request.ParseAndInitialize(echo_request_data)
+ except (IndexError, ValueError):
+ raise ValueError('Invalid echo_request:%s' % echo_request_data)
+
+ try:
+ echo_response = EchoResponse()
+ echo_response.ParseAndInitialize(echo_response_data)
+ except (IndexError, ValueError):
+ raise ValueError('Invalid echo_response:%s' % echo_response_data)
+
+ return (echo_request.checksum == echo_response.checksum and
+ echo_request.payload == echo_response.decoded_payload)