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-rw-r--r--man/zh_CN/man1/passwd.1145
1 files changed, 79 insertions, 66 deletions
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man1/passwd.1 b/man/zh_CN/man1/passwd.1
index 0742a7b2..16bc7e0e 100644
--- a/man/zh_CN/man1/passwd.1
+++ b/man/zh_CN/man1/passwd.1
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
.\" Title: passwd
.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
-.\" Date: 2019-06-13
+.\" Date: 2019-12-01
.\" Manual: 用户命令
-.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.7
+.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8
.\" Language: Chinese Simplified
.\"
-.TH "PASSWD" "1" "2019-06-13" "shadow\-utils 4\&.7" "用户命令"
+.TH "PASSWD" "1" "2019-12-01" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8" "用户命令"
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * Define some portability stuff
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -34,15 +34,18 @@ passwd \- 更改用户密码
\fBpasswd\fR [\fI选项\fR] [\fI登录\fR]
.SH "描述"
.PP
+The
\fBpasswd\fR
-命令用来更改用户账户的密码。普通用户通常只更改其自己账户的密码,而超级用户可以更改任何账户的密码。\fBpasswd\fR
-也更改账户或相关的密码有效期。
+command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+also changes the account or associated password validity period\&.
.SS "密码更改"
.PP
如果有旧密码,首先提示用户输入旧密码。加密这个密码然后和存储的密码进行比较。用户只有一次机会输入正确密码。允许超级用户略过这个步骤,以便更改忘记了的密码。
.PP
-输入了密码之后,会检查密码年龄信息,以查看此时是否允许用户更改密码。如果不允许,\fBpasswd\fR
-拒绝更改密码,然后退出。
+After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time\&. If not,
+\fBpasswd\fR
+refuses to change the password and exits\&.
.PP
提示用户输入两次新密码。第二次和第一次进行比较,并且需要相同才能更改密码。
.PP
@@ -81,28 +84,30 @@ passwd \- 更改用户密码
标点符号
.RE
.PP
-必须要留意不能包含系统默认的擦除和杀死字符。\fBpasswd\fR
-会拒绝复杂度不满足要求的密码。
+Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+will reject any password which is not suitably complex\&.
.SS "关于用户密码的提示"
.PP
-密码的安全性依赖于加密算法的强度和密钥空间的大小。旧的
+The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy
\fIUNIX\fR
-系统加密算法基于 NBS DES 算法。推荐使用更新的算法(查看
-\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)。密钥空间的大小依赖于选择的密码的随机性。
+System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&.
.PP
由于粗心地或处理选择密码,会危及密码的安全。由于这个原因,您不应该选择出现在词典中或者必须要写下来才能记住的密码。密码也不应该是一个名字、许可证号、生日或者街道号。所有这些可以用于猜测来损害系统安全。
.PP
You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength
.SH "选项"
.PP
+The options which apply to the
\fBpasswd\fR
-命令可以接受的选项有:
+command are:
.PP
\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
.RS 4
-此选项只能和
+This option can be used only with
\fB\-S\fR
-一起使用,来显示所有用户的状态。
+and causes show status for all users\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR
@@ -122,9 +127,9 @@ You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en\&.wikipedia\
.PP
\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
.RS 4
-此选项用于在密码过期一定天数之后禁用账户。一个用户账户密码已经过期
+This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days\&. After a user account has had an expired password for
\fIINACTIVE\fR
-天之后,用户将不能再登录进账户。
+days, the user may no longer sign on to the account\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR
@@ -136,17 +141,17 @@ You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en\&.wikipedia\
.RS 4
锁定指定账户的密码。此选项通过将密码更改为一个不可能与加密值匹配的值来禁用(它在密码开头添加一个\(lq!\(rq)。
.sp
-注意,这并没有禁用此账户。用户仍然可以通过其它认证方式(如 SSH 密码)来登录。要禁用此账户,管理员需要使用
+Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use
\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR
-(设置账户的过期时间为1970年1月2日)。
+(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&.
.sp
被锁定了密码的用户不允许更改密码。
.RE
.PP
\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
.RS 4
-在密码更改之间的最小天数设置为
-\fIMIN_DAYS\fR。此字段中的 0 值表示用户可以在任何时间更改其密码。
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
@@ -156,9 +161,9 @@ You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en\&.wikipedia\
.PP
\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\ \&\fIREPOSITORY\fR
.RS 4
-在
+change password in
\fIREPOSITORY\fR
-中更改密码
+repository
.RE
.PP
\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
@@ -177,26 +182,28 @@ directory\&.
.PP
\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
.RS 4
-解锁指定用户的密码。此操作通过将密码改回先前值(改回使用
+Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the
\fB\-l\fR
-之前的值)重新启用密码。
+option)\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
.RS 4
-设置在要求更改密码之前警告的天数。\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
-选项是在密码过期之前提前警告的天数。
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
.RS 4
-设置密码仍然有效的最大天数。\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
-之后,密码会要求更改。
+Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid\&. After
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR, the password is required to be changed\&.
.sp
-\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
-设置为
+Passing the number
\fI\-1\fR
-会移除密码有效性检查。
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
.RE
.SH "CAVEATS"
.PP
@@ -205,36 +212,38 @@ directory\&.
在启动了 NIS 的系统上,如果没有登录 NIS 服务器,用户或许不能更改自己的密码。
.SH "配置文件"
.PP
-在
+The following configuration variables in
/etc/login\&.defs
-中有如下配置变量,可以用来更改此工具的行为:
+change the behavior of this tool:
.PP
\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string)
.RS 4
这定义了系统加密密码的默认算法(如果没有在命令行上指定算法)。
.sp
-可以使用如下值:\fIDES\fR
+It can take one of these values:
+\fIDES\fR
(default),
\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&.
.sp
-注意,此参数会覆盖
+Note: this parameter overrides the
\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
-变量。
+variable\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean)
.RS 4
-表示密码是否必须使用基于 MD5 的算法加密。如果设为
-\fIyes\fR,新密码将使用可以和新版 FreeBSD 兼容的基于 MD5 的算法加密。它支持无限长度的密码以及更长的盐字符串。如果您需要将加密的密码复制到其它不理解新算法的系统,设置为
-\fIno\fR。默认值是
-\fIno\fR。
+Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to
+\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to
+\fIno\fR
+if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is
+\fIno\fR\&.
.sp
This variable is superseded by the
\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&.
.sp
-此变量已经废弃。您应该使用
-\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR。
+This variable is deprecated\&. You should use
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBOBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB\fR (boolean)
@@ -254,21 +263,22 @@ variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorith
.PP
\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR (number), \fBPASS_MIN_LEN\fR (number)
.RS 4
-crypt() 的有效字符位数。\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR
-默认是 8,除非您自己的 crypt() 更好,否则不要更改。如果
+Number of significant characters in the password for crypt()\&.
+\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR
+is 8 by default\&. Don\*(Aqt change unless your crypt() is better\&. This is ignored if
\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
-设为
-\fIyes\fR,会被忽略。
+set to
+\fIyes\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number)
.RS 4
+When
\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
-设为
+is set to
\fISHA256\fR
-或
-\fISHA512\fR
-时,此项确定加密算法默认使用 SHA 轮转数目(当轮转数没有通过命令行指定时)。
+or
+\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&.
.sp
使用很多轮转,会让暴力破解更加困难。但是需要注意,认证用户时也会需要更多的 CPU 资源。
.sp
@@ -276,16 +286,16 @@ crypt() 的有效字符位数。\fBPASS_MAX_LEN\fR
.sp
值必须在 1000 \- 999,999,999 之间。
.sp
-如果只设置了一个
+If only one of the
\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
-或
+or
\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
-值,就会使用这个值。
+values is set, then this value will be used\&.
.sp
-如果
+If
\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
>
-\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR,将会使用大的那个。
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&.
.RE
.SH "文件"
.PP
@@ -305,48 +315,51 @@ Shadow 密码套件配置。
.RE
.SH "退出值"
.PP
+The
\fBpasswd\fR
-命令退出,并返回如下值:
+command exits with the following values:
.PP
\fI0\fR
.RS 4
-成功
+success
.RE
.PP
\fI1\fR
.RS 4
-权限不够
+permission denied
.RE
.PP
\fI2\fR
.RS 4
-无效的选项组合
+invalid combination of options
.RE
.PP
\fI3\fR
.RS 4
-意外的失败,什么也没有做。
+unexpected failure, nothing done
.RE
.PP
\fI4\fR
.RS 4
-意外的失败,passwd
-文件丢失
+unexpected failure,
+passwd
+file missing
.RE
.PP
\fI5\fR
.RS 4
passwd
-文件忙,请重试
+file busy, try again
.RE
.PP
\fI6\fR
.RS 4
-给了选项一个无效的参数
+invalid argument to option
.RE
.SH "参见"
.PP
\fBchpasswd\fR(8),
\fBpasswd\fR(5),
\fBshadow\fR(5),
-\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.