diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'man/zh_CN/man1/su.1')
-rw-r--r-- | man/zh_CN/man1/su.1 | 241 |
1 files changed, 132 insertions, 109 deletions
diff --git a/man/zh_CN/man1/su.1 b/man/zh_CN/man1/su.1 index 258f80e2..9bf038f0 100644 --- a/man/zh_CN/man1/su.1 +++ b/man/zh_CN/man1/su.1 @@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ .\" Title: su .\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh .\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> -.\" Date: 2019-06-13 +.\" Date: 2019-12-01 .\" Manual: 用户命令 -.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.7 +.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8 .\" Language: Chinese Simplified .\" -.TH "SU" "1" "2019-06-13" "shadow\-utils 4\&.7" "用户命令" +.TH "SU" "1" "2019-12-01" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8" "用户命令" .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * Define some portability stuff .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -55,28 +55,30 @@ option is special: it is also recognized after .PP 如果合适,将提示用户输入一个密码。输入无效的密码会产生一个错误消息。所有的尝试,无论成功还是失败,都会被记录,以检测对系统的滥用。 .PP -当前环境会传递给新 shell。对于普通用户,\fB$PATH\fR -的值重置为 -/bin:/usr/bin,而对于超级用户则是 -/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin。这会随 -/etc/login\&.defs -中的 +The current environment is passed to the new shell\&. The value of +\fB$PATH\fR +is reset to +/bin:/usr/bin +for normal users, or +/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin +for the superuser\&. This may be changed with the \fBENV_PATH\fR -和 +and \fBENV_SUPATH\fR -值改变。 +definitions in +/etc/login\&.defs\&. .PP 在登录 shell 中以第一个字符是\(lq*\(rq标注的是子系统登录。给定的主目录将被用于用户实际登录的新文件系统的根。 .SH "选项" .PP +The options which apply to the \fBsu\fR -命令可以接受的选项有: +command are: .PP \fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR\ \&\fICOMMAND\fR .RS 4 -通过使用其 -\fB\-c\fR -选项,指定一个由 shell 运行的命令。 +Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its +\fB\-c\fR\&. .sp The executed command will have no controlling terminal\&. This option cannot be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY\&. .RE @@ -98,125 +100,134 @@ and .RS 4 将使用的 shell。 .sp -使用的 shell 在如下中选择(高优先级在前):.PP +The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): +.PP .RS 4 -通过 \-\-shell 指定的 shell。 +The shell specified with \-\-shell\&. .RE .PP .RS 4 -如果使用了 -\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR,shell 将由 +If +\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR +is used, the shell specified by the \fB$SHELL\fR -环境变量指定。 +environment variable\&. .RE .PP .RS 4 -在 +The shell indicated in the /etc/passwd -的相应项中为目标用户指定的 shell。 +entry for the target user\&. .RE .PP .RS 4 -如果无法通过以上办法找到一个 shell,则使用 -/bin/sh。 +/bin/sh +if a shell could not be found by any above method\&. .RE .sp -如果目标用户的 shell 是有限制的(即,/etc/passwd -中用户项中的 shell 字段没有在 -/etc/shells -中列出),那么 +If the target user has a restricted shell (i\&.e\&. the shell field of this user\*(Aqs entry in +/etc/passwd +is not listed in +/etc/shells), then the \fB\-\-shell\fR -选项或 +option or the \fB$SHELL\fR -环境变量不会带入账户,除非 +environment variable won\*(Aqt be taken into account, unless \fBsu\fR -是被 root 调用的。 +is called by root\&. .RE .PP \fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR .RS 4 -保留当前环境,除非:.PP +Preserve the current environment, except for: +.PP \fB$PATH\fR .RS 4 -根据 +reset according to the /etc/login\&.defs -中的 +options \fBENV_PATH\fR or \fBENV_SUPATH\fR -选项重设 (请往下看) +(see below); .RE .PP \fB$IFS\fR .RS 4 -如果已经设置了,重设 -\(lq<space><tab><newline>\(rq。 +reset to +\(lq<space><tab><newline>\(rq, if it was set\&. .RE .sp -如果用户的 shell 受限,此选项无效 (除非是 root 调用的 -\fBsu\fR)。 +If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless +\fBsu\fR +is called by root)\&. .sp -注意,环境的默认行为如下:.PP +Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: +.PP .RS 4 The \fB$HOME\fR, \fB$SHELL\fR, \fB$USER\fR, \fB$LOGNAME\fR, -\fB$PATH\fR, 和 +\fB$PATH\fR, and \fB$IFS\fR -这些环境变量会被重置。 +environment variables are reset\&. .RE .PP .RS 4 -如果没有使用 -\fB\-\-login\fR,复制环境,上述几个变量除外。 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above\&. .RE .PP .RS 4 -如果使用了 -\fB\-\-login\fR,如果设置了 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, the \fB$TERM\fR, \fB$COLORTERM\fR, -\fB$DISPLAY\fR -和 -\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR,这些环境变量也会被重置。 +\fB$DISPLAY\fR, and +\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR +environment variables are copied if they were set\&. .RE .PP .RS 4 -如果使用了 -\fB\-\-login\fR,环境变量 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, the \fB$TZ\fR, \fB$HZ\fR, and \fB$MAIL\fR -也会根据 +environment variables are set according to the /etc/login\&.defs -中的选项 +options \fBENV_TZ\fR, \fBENV_HZ\fR, -\fBMAIL_DIR\fR -和 +\fBMAIL_DIR\fR, and \fBMAIL_FILE\fR -重置 (请看下边)。 +(see below)\&. .RE .PP .RS 4 -如果使用了 -\fB\-\-login\fR,其它环境变量可能会根据 +If +\fB\-\-login\fR +is used, other environment variables might be set by the \fBENVIRON_FILE\fR -文件来设置(请看下边)。 +file (see below)\&. .RE +.sp .RE .SH "CAVEATS" .PP -此版本的 +This version of \fBsu\fR -有很多编译选项,在某些机器上,可能只使用了其中的一部分。 +has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&. .SH "配置文件" .PP -在 +The following configuration variables in /etc/login\&.defs -中有如下配置变量,可以用来更改此工具的行为: +change the behavior of this tool: .PP \fBCONSOLE\fR (string) .RS 4 @@ -229,24 +240,24 @@ The .PP \fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string) .RS 4 -在控制台登录时,添加到用户附加组集中的组列表(就如 CONSOLE 所确定的)。默认是无。 -使用时需要注意:这可能使用户获取这些组的永久权限,甚至登录到的不是此控制台时。 +List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&. + +Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&. .RE .PP \fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean) .RS 4 如果不能 cd 到主目录时,说明是否允许登录。默认是否。 .sp -如果设置为 -\fIyes\fR,如果不能 cd 到主目录时,用户将会登录到根目录(/)。 +If set to +\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&. .RE .PP \fBENV_HZ\fR (string) .RS 4 -如果设置了,将会用于在用户登录时定义 HZ 环境变量。值必须以 -\fIHZ=\fR -开头。Linux 上的常用值是 -\fIHZ=100\fR。 +If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by +\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is +\fIHZ=100\fR\&. .RE .PP \fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string) @@ -274,22 +285,22 @@ If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superus .PP \fBENV_TZ\fR (string) .RS 4 -如果设置了,它将用于在用户登录时定义 TZ 环境变量。此值可以是以 +If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by \fITZ=\fR -开头的时区名(例如 -\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR),或者是包含时区规则的文件完整路径(例如 -/etc/tzname)。 +(for example +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example +/etc/tzname)\&. .sp -如果将完整路径指定为了一个不存在或不可读的文件,则默认使用 -\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR。 +If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use +\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&. .RE .PP \fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string) .RS 4 此字符串用于提示输入密码。默认是 "Password: ",或者翻译了的结果(汉语中翻译为了\(lq密码:\(rq)。如果设置了此变量,提示不会被翻译。 .sp -如果字符串包含 -\fI%s\fR,将会被用户名替换。 +If the string contains +\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&. .RE .PP \fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean) @@ -309,21 +320,22 @@ If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superus 定义用户邮箱文件的位置(相对于主目录)。 .RE .PP +The \fBMAIL_DIR\fR and \fBMAIL_FILE\fR -变量由 -\fBuseradd\fR,\fBusermod\fR -和 +variables are used by +\fBuseradd\fR, +\fBusermod\fR, and \fBuserdel\fR -用于创建、移动或删除用户邮箱。 +to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&. .PP -如果 +If \fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR -设置为 -\fIyes\fR,它们也被用于定义 +is set to +\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the \fBMAIL\fR -环境变量。 +environment variable\&. .PP \fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean) .RS 4 @@ -344,28 +356,35 @@ and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&. .PP \fBSU_WHEEL_ONLY\fR (boolean) .RS 4 -如果为 -\fIyes\fR,用户必须在 +If +\fIyes\fR, the user must be listed as a member of the first gid 0 group in /etc/group -中别设定为 GID 为 0 的组(在大部分 Linux 上叫 -\fIroot\fR)的成员。 +(called +\fIroot\fR +on most Linux systems) to be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0 accounts\&. If the group doesn\*(Aqt exist or is empty, no one will be able to +\fBsu\fR +to uid 0\&. .RE .PP \fBSYSLOG_SU_ENAB\fR (boolean) .RS 4 -除了 sulog 文件日志,也为 +Enable "syslog" logging of \fBsu\fR -活动启用\(lqsyslog\(rq日志。 +activity \- in addition to sulog file logging\&. .RE .PP \fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean) .RS 4 如果 uid 和 gid 相同,用户名和主用户名也相同,使非 root 组的组掩码位和属主位相同 (如:022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007)。 .sp -如果设置为 -\fIyes\fR,如果组中没有成员了,\fBuserdel\fR -将移除此用户组,\fBuseradd\fR -创建用户时,也会创建一个同名的默认组。 +If set to +\fIyes\fR, +\fBuserdel\fR +will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and +\fBuseradd\fR +will create by default a group with the name of the user\&. .RE .SH "文件" .PP @@ -385,37 +404,41 @@ Shadow 密码套件配置。 .RE .SH "退出值" .PP -成功时,\fBsu\fR -返回执行的命令的退出值。 +On success, +\fBsu\fR +returns the exit value of the command it executed\&. .PP -如果命令被信号结束,\fBsu\fR -返回此信号的编号加 128。 +If this command was terminated by a signal, +\fBsu\fR +returns the number of this signal plus 128\&. .PP -如果 su 必须要杀死此命令(因为已经要求它结束,可是却没有及时结束),\fBsu\fR -返回 255。 +If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time), +\fBsu\fR +returns 255\&. .PP +Some exit values from \fBsu\fR -中的某些退出值与执行的命令无关: +are independent from the executed command: .PP \fI0\fR .RS 4 -成功 (只有 -\fB\-\-help\fR) +success (\fB\-\-help\fR +only) .RE .PP \fI1\fR .RS 4 -系统或者认证失败 +System or authentication failure .RE .PP \fI126\fR .RS 4 -要求的命令不存在 +The requested command was not found .RE .PP \fI127\fR .RS 4 -请求的命令不能执行 +The requested command could not be executed .RE .SH "参见" .PP |