nspawn: introduce --notify-ready=[no|yes] (#3474)

This the patch implements a notificaiton mechanism from the init process
in the container to systemd-nspawn.
The switch --notify-ready=yes configures systemd-nspawn to wait the "READY=1"
message from the init process in the container to send its own to systemd.
--notify-ready=no is equivalent to the previous behavior before this patch,
systemd-nspawn notifies systemd with a "READY=1" message when the container is
created. This notificaiton mechanism uses socket file with path relative to the contanier
"/run/systemd/nspawn/notify". The default values it --notify-ready=no.
It is also possible to configure this mechanism from the .nspawn files using
NotifyReady. This parameter takes the same options of the command line switch.

Before this patch, systemd-nspawn notifies "ready" after the inner child was created,
regardless the status of the service running inside it. Now, with --notify-ready=yes,
systemd-nspawn notifies when the service is ready. This is really useful when
there are dependencies between different contaniers.

Fixes https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/1369
Based on the work from https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/3022

Testing:
Boot a OS inside a container with systemd-nspawn.
Note: modify the commands accordingly with your filesystem.

1. Create a filesystem where you can boot an OS.
2. sudo systemd-nspawn -D ${HOME}/distros/fedora-23/ sh
2.1. Create the unit file /etc/systemd/system/sleep.service inside the container
     (You can use the example below)
2.2. systemdctl enable sleep
2.3 exit
3. sudo systemd-run --service-type=notify --unit=notify-test
   ${HOME}/systemd/systemd-nspawn --notify-ready=yes
   -D ${HOME}/distros/fedora-23/ -b
4. In a different shell run "systemctl status notify-test"

When using --notify-ready=yes the service status is "activating" for 20 seconds
before being set to "active (running)". Instead, using --notify-ready=no
the service status is marked "active (running)" quickly, without waiting for
the 20 seconds.

This patch was also test with --private-users=yes, you can test it just adding it
at the end of the command at point 3.

------ sleep.service ------
[Unit]
Description=sleep
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/bin/sleep 20

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
------------ end ------------

1 files changed, 13 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/man/systemd-nspawn.xml b/man/systemd-nspawn.xml
index 0c8c699201..08122795f4 100644
--- a/man/systemd-nspawn.xml
+++ b/man/systemd-nspawn.xml
@@ -980,6 +980,19 @@
         effect.</para></listitem>
       </varlistentry>
 
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>--notify-ready=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Configures support for notifications from the container's init process.
+        <varname>--notify-ready=</varname> takes a boolean (<option>no</option> and  <option>yes</option>).
+        With option <option>no</option> systemd-nspawn notifies systemd
+        with a <literal>READY=1</literal> message when the init process is created.
+        With option <option>yes</option> systemd-nspawn waits for the
+        <literal>READY=1</literal> message from the init process in the container
+        before sending its own to systemd. For more details about notifications
+        see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>).</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
       <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
       <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
     </variablelist>