grep-2.25HEADgrep-2.25master

8 files changed, 7565 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/doc/Makefile.am b/doc/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..048c691
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Process this file with automake to create Makefile.in
+# Makefile.am for grep/doc.
+#
+# Copyright 2008-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+# any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+info_TEXINFOS = grep.texi
+grep_TEXINFOS = fdl.texi
+
+man_MANS = grep.1 fgrep.1 egrep.1
+
+EXTRA_DIST = grep.in.1
+CLEANFILES = grep.1 egrep.1 fgrep.1
+
+grep.1: grep.in.1
+	$(AM_V_GEN)rm -f $@-t $@
+	$(AM_V_at)sed 's/@''VERSION@/$(VERSION)/' $(srcdir)/grep.in.1 > $@-t
+	$(AM_V_at)chmod a=r $@-t
+	$(AM_V_at)mv -f $@-t $@
+
+egrep.1 fgrep.1: Makefile.am
+	$(AM_V_GEN)rm -f $@-t $@
+	$(AM_V_at)inst=`echo grep | sed '$(transform)'`.1 \
+	  && echo ".so man1/$$inst" > $@-t
+	$(AM_V_at)chmod a=r $@-t
+	$(AM_V_at)mv -f $@-t $@
diff --git a/doc/Makefile.in b/doc/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d816258
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,1671 @@
+# Makefile.in generated by automake 1.99a from Makefile.am.
+# @configure_input@
+
+# Copyright (C) 1994-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation
+# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
+# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without
+# even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+# PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+@SET_MAKE@
+
+# Process this file with automake to create Makefile.in
+# Makefile.am for grep/doc.
+#
+# Copyright 2008-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+# any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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+ENOLINK_VALUE = @ENOLINK_VALUE@
+EOVERFLOW_HIDDEN = @EOVERFLOW_HIDDEN@
+EOVERFLOW_VALUE = @EOVERFLOW_VALUE@
+ERRNO_H = @ERRNO_H@
+EXEEXT = @EXEEXT@
+FLOAT_H = @FLOAT_H@
+FNMATCH_H = @FNMATCH_H@
+GETOPT_H = @GETOPT_H@
+GETTEXT_MACRO_VERSION = @GETTEXT_MACRO_VERSION@
+GLIBC21 = @GLIBC21@
+GMSGFMT = @GMSGFMT@
+GMSGFMT_015 = @GMSGFMT_015@
+GNULIB_ALPHASORT = @GNULIB_ALPHASORT@
+GNULIB_ATOLL = @GNULIB_ATOLL@
+GNULIB_BTOWC = @GNULIB_BTOWC@
+GNULIB_CALLOC_POSIX = @GNULIB_CALLOC_POSIX@
+GNULIB_CANONICALIZE_FILE_NAME = @GNULIB_CANONICALIZE_FILE_NAME@
+GNULIB_CHDIR = @GNULIB_CHDIR@
+GNULIB_CHOWN = @GNULIB_CHOWN@
+GNULIB_CLOSE = @GNULIB_CLOSE@
+GNULIB_CLOSEDIR = @GNULIB_CLOSEDIR@
+GNULIB_DIRFD = @GNULIB_DIRFD@
+GNULIB_DPRINTF = @GNULIB_DPRINTF@
+GNULIB_DUP = @GNULIB_DUP@
+GNULIB_DUP2 = @GNULIB_DUP2@
+GNULIB_DUP3 = @GNULIB_DUP3@
+GNULIB_DUPLOCALE = @GNULIB_DUPLOCALE@
+GNULIB_ENVIRON = @GNULIB_ENVIRON@
+GNULIB_EUIDACCESS = @GNULIB_EUIDACCESS@
+GNULIB_FACCESSAT = @GNULIB_FACCESSAT@
+GNULIB_FCHDIR = @GNULIB_FCHDIR@
+GNULIB_FCHMODAT = @GNULIB_FCHMODAT@
+GNULIB_FCHOWNAT = @GNULIB_FCHOWNAT@
+GNULIB_FCLOSE = @GNULIB_FCLOSE@
+GNULIB_FCNTL = @GNULIB_FCNTL@
+GNULIB_FDATASYNC = @GNULIB_FDATASYNC@
+GNULIB_FDOPEN = @GNULIB_FDOPEN@
+GNULIB_FDOPENDIR = @GNULIB_FDOPENDIR@
+GNULIB_FFLUSH = @GNULIB_FFLUSH@
+GNULIB_FFSL = @GNULIB_FFSL@
+GNULIB_FFSLL = @GNULIB_FFSLL@
+GNULIB_FGETC = @GNULIB_FGETC@
+GNULIB_FGETS = @GNULIB_FGETS@
+GNULIB_FOPEN = @GNULIB_FOPEN@
+GNULIB_FPRINTF = @GNULIB_FPRINTF@
+GNULIB_FPRINTF_POSIX = @GNULIB_FPRINTF_POSIX@
+GNULIB_FPURGE = @GNULIB_FPURGE@
+GNULIB_FPUTC = @GNULIB_FPUTC@
+GNULIB_FPUTS = @GNULIB_FPUTS@
+GNULIB_FREAD = @GNULIB_FREAD@
+GNULIB_FREOPEN = @GNULIB_FREOPEN@
+GNULIB_FSCANF = @GNULIB_FSCANF@
+GNULIB_FSEEK = @GNULIB_FSEEK@
+GNULIB_FSEEKO = @GNULIB_FSEEKO@
+GNULIB_FSTAT = @GNULIB_FSTAT@
+GNULIB_FSTATAT = @GNULIB_FSTATAT@
+GNULIB_FSYNC = @GNULIB_FSYNC@
+GNULIB_FTELL = @GNULIB_FTELL@
+GNULIB_FTELLO = @GNULIB_FTELLO@
+GNULIB_FTRUNCATE = @GNULIB_FTRUNCATE@
+GNULIB_FUTIMENS = @GNULIB_FUTIMENS@
+GNULIB_FWRITE = @GNULIB_FWRITE@
+GNULIB_GETC = @GNULIB_GETC@
+GNULIB_GETCHAR = @GNULIB_GETCHAR@
+GNULIB_GETCWD = @GNULIB_GETCWD@
+GNULIB_GETDELIM = @GNULIB_GETDELIM@
+GNULIB_GETDOMAINNAME = @GNULIB_GETDOMAINNAME@
+GNULIB_GETDTABLESIZE = @GNULIB_GETDTABLESIZE@
+GNULIB_GETGROUPS = @GNULIB_GETGROUPS@
+GNULIB_GETHOSTNAME = @GNULIB_GETHOSTNAME@
+GNULIB_GETLINE = @GNULIB_GETLINE@
+GNULIB_GETLOADAVG = @GNULIB_GETLOADAVG@
+GNULIB_GETLOGIN = @GNULIB_GETLOGIN@
+GNULIB_GETLOGIN_R = @GNULIB_GETLOGIN_R@
+GNULIB_GETPAGESIZE = @GNULIB_GETPAGESIZE@
+GNULIB_GETSUBOPT = @GNULIB_GETSUBOPT@
+GNULIB_GETTIMEOFDAY = @GNULIB_GETTIMEOFDAY@
+GNULIB_GETUSERSHELL = @GNULIB_GETUSERSHELL@
+GNULIB_GL_UNISTD_H_GETOPT = @GNULIB_GL_UNISTD_H_GETOPT@
+GNULIB_GRANTPT = @GNULIB_GRANTPT@
+GNULIB_GROUP_MEMBER = @GNULIB_GROUP_MEMBER@
+GNULIB_ICONV = @GNULIB_ICONV@
+GNULIB_IMAXABS = @GNULIB_IMAXABS@
+GNULIB_IMAXDIV = @GNULIB_IMAXDIV@
+GNULIB_ISATTY = @GNULIB_ISATTY@
+GNULIB_ISBLANK = @GNULIB_ISBLANK@
+GNULIB_ISWBLANK = @GNULIB_ISWBLANK@
+GNULIB_ISWCTYPE = @GNULIB_ISWCTYPE@
+GNULIB_LCHMOD = @GNULIB_LCHMOD@
+GNULIB_LCHOWN = @GNULIB_LCHOWN@
+GNULIB_LINK = @GNULIB_LINK@
+GNULIB_LINKAT = @GNULIB_LINKAT@
+GNULIB_LOCALECONV = @GNULIB_LOCALECONV@
+GNULIB_LSEEK = @GNULIB_LSEEK@
+GNULIB_LSTAT = @GNULIB_LSTAT@
+GNULIB_MALLOC_POSIX = @GNULIB_MALLOC_POSIX@
+GNULIB_MBRLEN = @GNULIB_MBRLEN@
+GNULIB_MBRTOWC = @GNULIB_MBRTOWC@
+GNULIB_MBSCASECMP = @GNULIB_MBSCASECMP@
+GNULIB_MBSCASESTR = @GNULIB_MBSCASESTR@
+GNULIB_MBSCHR = @GNULIB_MBSCHR@
+GNULIB_MBSCSPN = @GNULIB_MBSCSPN@
+GNULIB_MBSINIT = @GNULIB_MBSINIT@
+GNULIB_MBSLEN = @GNULIB_MBSLEN@
+GNULIB_MBSNCASECMP = @GNULIB_MBSNCASECMP@
+GNULIB_MBSNLEN = @GNULIB_MBSNLEN@
+GNULIB_MBSNRTOWCS = @GNULIB_MBSNRTOWCS@
+GNULIB_MBSPBRK = @GNULIB_MBSPBRK@
+GNULIB_MBSPCASECMP = @GNULIB_MBSPCASECMP@
+GNULIB_MBSRCHR = @GNULIB_MBSRCHR@
+GNULIB_MBSRTOWCS = @GNULIB_MBSRTOWCS@
+GNULIB_MBSSEP = @GNULIB_MBSSEP@
+GNULIB_MBSSPN = @GNULIB_MBSSPN@
+GNULIB_MBSSTR = @GNULIB_MBSSTR@
+GNULIB_MBSTOK_R = @GNULIB_MBSTOK_R@
+GNULIB_MBTOWC = @GNULIB_MBTOWC@
+GNULIB_MEMCHR = @GNULIB_MEMCHR@
+GNULIB_MEMMEM = @GNULIB_MEMMEM@
+GNULIB_MEMPCPY = @GNULIB_MEMPCPY@
+GNULIB_MEMRCHR = @GNULIB_MEMRCHR@
+GNULIB_MKDIRAT = @GNULIB_MKDIRAT@
+GNULIB_MKDTEMP = @GNULIB_MKDTEMP@
+GNULIB_MKFIFO = @GNULIB_MKFIFO@
+GNULIB_MKFIFOAT = @GNULIB_MKFIFOAT@
+GNULIB_MKNOD = @GNULIB_MKNOD@
+GNULIB_MKNODAT = @GNULIB_MKNODAT@
+GNULIB_MKOSTEMP = @GNULIB_MKOSTEMP@
+GNULIB_MKOSTEMPS = @GNULIB_MKOSTEMPS@
+GNULIB_MKSTEMP = @GNULIB_MKSTEMP@
+GNULIB_MKSTEMPS = @GNULIB_MKSTEMPS@
+GNULIB_MKTIME = @GNULIB_MKTIME@
+GNULIB_NANOSLEEP = @GNULIB_NANOSLEEP@
+GNULIB_NL_LANGINFO = @GNULIB_NL_LANGINFO@
+GNULIB_NONBLOCKING = @GNULIB_NONBLOCKING@
+GNULIB_OBSTACK_PRINTF = @GNULIB_OBSTACK_PRINTF@
+GNULIB_OBSTACK_PRINTF_POSIX = @GNULIB_OBSTACK_PRINTF_POSIX@
+GNULIB_OPEN = @GNULIB_OPEN@
+GNULIB_OPENAT = @GNULIB_OPENAT@
+GNULIB_OPENDIR = @GNULIB_OPENDIR@
+GNULIB_PCLOSE = @GNULIB_PCLOSE@
+GNULIB_PERROR = @GNULIB_PERROR@
+GNULIB_PIPE = @GNULIB_PIPE@
+GNULIB_PIPE2 = @GNULIB_PIPE2@
+GNULIB_POPEN = @GNULIB_POPEN@
+GNULIB_POSIX_OPENPT = @GNULIB_POSIX_OPENPT@
+GNULIB_PREAD = @GNULIB_PREAD@
+GNULIB_PRINTF = @GNULIB_PRINTF@
+GNULIB_PRINTF_POSIX = @GNULIB_PRINTF_POSIX@
+GNULIB_PTSNAME = @GNULIB_PTSNAME@
+GNULIB_PTSNAME_R = @GNULIB_PTSNAME_R@
+GNULIB_PUTC = @GNULIB_PUTC@
+GNULIB_PUTCHAR = @GNULIB_PUTCHAR@
+GNULIB_PUTENV = @GNULIB_PUTENV@
+GNULIB_PUTS = @GNULIB_PUTS@
+GNULIB_PWRITE = @GNULIB_PWRITE@
+GNULIB_QSORT_R = @GNULIB_QSORT_R@
+GNULIB_RANDOM = @GNULIB_RANDOM@
+GNULIB_RANDOM_R = @GNULIB_RANDOM_R@
+GNULIB_RAWMEMCHR = @GNULIB_RAWMEMCHR@
+GNULIB_READ = @GNULIB_READ@
+GNULIB_READDIR = @GNULIB_READDIR@
+GNULIB_READLINK = @GNULIB_READLINK@
+GNULIB_READLINKAT = @GNULIB_READLINKAT@
+GNULIB_REALLOC_POSIX = @GNULIB_REALLOC_POSIX@
+GNULIB_REALPATH = @GNULIB_REALPATH@
+GNULIB_REMOVE = @GNULIB_REMOVE@
+GNULIB_RENAME = @GNULIB_RENAME@
+GNULIB_RENAMEAT = @GNULIB_RENAMEAT@
+GNULIB_REWINDDIR = @GNULIB_REWINDDIR@
+GNULIB_RMDIR = @GNULIB_RMDIR@
+GNULIB_RPMATCH = @GNULIB_RPMATCH@
+GNULIB_SCANDIR = @GNULIB_SCANDIR@
+GNULIB_SCANF = @GNULIB_SCANF@
+GNULIB_SECURE_GETENV = @GNULIB_SECURE_GETENV@
+GNULIB_SETENV = @GNULIB_SETENV@
+GNULIB_SETHOSTNAME = @GNULIB_SETHOSTNAME@
+GNULIB_SETLOCALE = @GNULIB_SETLOCALE@
+GNULIB_SLEEP = @GNULIB_SLEEP@
+GNULIB_SNPRINTF = @GNULIB_SNPRINTF@
+GNULIB_SPRINTF_POSIX = @GNULIB_SPRINTF_POSIX@
+GNULIB_STAT = @GNULIB_STAT@
+GNULIB_STDIO_H_NONBLOCKING = @GNULIB_STDIO_H_NONBLOCKING@
+GNULIB_STDIO_H_SIGPIPE = @GNULIB_STDIO_H_SIGPIPE@
+GNULIB_STPCPY = @GNULIB_STPCPY@
+GNULIB_STPNCPY = @GNULIB_STPNCPY@
+GNULIB_STRCASESTR = @GNULIB_STRCASESTR@
+GNULIB_STRCHRNUL = @GNULIB_STRCHRNUL@
+GNULIB_STRDUP = @GNULIB_STRDUP@
+GNULIB_STRERROR = @GNULIB_STRERROR@
+GNULIB_STRERROR_R = @GNULIB_STRERROR_R@
+GNULIB_STRNCAT = @GNULIB_STRNCAT@
+GNULIB_STRNDUP = @GNULIB_STRNDUP@
+GNULIB_STRNLEN = @GNULIB_STRNLEN@
+GNULIB_STRPBRK = @GNULIB_STRPBRK@
+GNULIB_STRPTIME = @GNULIB_STRPTIME@
+GNULIB_STRSEP = @GNULIB_STRSEP@
+GNULIB_STRSIGNAL = @GNULIB_STRSIGNAL@
+GNULIB_STRSTR = @GNULIB_STRSTR@
+GNULIB_STRTOD = @GNULIB_STRTOD@
+GNULIB_STRTOIMAX = @GNULIB_STRTOIMAX@
+GNULIB_STRTOK_R = @GNULIB_STRTOK_R@
+GNULIB_STRTOLL = @GNULIB_STRTOLL@
+GNULIB_STRTOULL = @GNULIB_STRTOULL@
+GNULIB_STRTOUMAX = @GNULIB_STRTOUMAX@
+GNULIB_STRVERSCMP = @GNULIB_STRVERSCMP@
+GNULIB_SYMLINK = @GNULIB_SYMLINK@
+GNULIB_SYMLINKAT = @GNULIB_SYMLINKAT@
+GNULIB_SYSTEM_POSIX = @GNULIB_SYSTEM_POSIX@
+GNULIB_TIMEGM = @GNULIB_TIMEGM@
+GNULIB_TIME_R = @GNULIB_TIME_R@
+GNULIB_TIME_RZ = @GNULIB_TIME_RZ@
+GNULIB_TMPFILE = @GNULIB_TMPFILE@
+GNULIB_TOWCTRANS = @GNULIB_TOWCTRANS@
+GNULIB_TTYNAME_R = @GNULIB_TTYNAME_R@
+GNULIB_UNISTD_H_NONBLOCKING = @GNULIB_UNISTD_H_NONBLOCKING@
+GNULIB_UNISTD_H_SIGPIPE = @GNULIB_UNISTD_H_SIGPIPE@
+GNULIB_UNLINK = @GNULIB_UNLINK@
+GNULIB_UNLINKAT = @GNULIB_UNLINKAT@
+GNULIB_UNLOCKPT = @GNULIB_UNLOCKPT@
+GNULIB_UNSETENV = @GNULIB_UNSETENV@
+GNULIB_USLEEP = @GNULIB_USLEEP@
+GNULIB_UTIMENSAT = @GNULIB_UTIMENSAT@
+GNULIB_VASPRINTF = @GNULIB_VASPRINTF@
+GNULIB_VDPRINTF = @GNULIB_VDPRINTF@
+GNULIB_VFPRINTF = @GNULIB_VFPRINTF@
+GNULIB_VFPRINTF_POSIX = @GNULIB_VFPRINTF_POSIX@
+GNULIB_VFSCANF = @GNULIB_VFSCANF@
+GNULIB_VPRINTF = @GNULIB_VPRINTF@
+GNULIB_VPRINTF_POSIX = @GNULIB_VPRINTF_POSIX@
+GNULIB_VSCANF = @GNULIB_VSCANF@
+GNULIB_VSNPRINTF = @GNULIB_VSNPRINTF@
+GNULIB_VSPRINTF_POSIX = @GNULIB_VSPRINTF_POSIX@
+GNULIB_WARN_CFLAGS = @GNULIB_WARN_CFLAGS@
+GNULIB_WCPCPY = @GNULIB_WCPCPY@
+GNULIB_WCPNCPY = @GNULIB_WCPNCPY@
+GNULIB_WCRTOMB = @GNULIB_WCRTOMB@
+GNULIB_WCSCASECMP = @GNULIB_WCSCASECMP@
+GNULIB_WCSCAT = @GNULIB_WCSCAT@
+GNULIB_WCSCHR = @GNULIB_WCSCHR@
+GNULIB_WCSCMP = @GNULIB_WCSCMP@
+GNULIB_WCSCOLL = @GNULIB_WCSCOLL@
+GNULIB_WCSCPY = @GNULIB_WCSCPY@
+GNULIB_WCSCSPN = @GNULIB_WCSCSPN@
+GNULIB_WCSDUP = @GNULIB_WCSDUP@
+GNULIB_WCSLEN = @GNULIB_WCSLEN@
+GNULIB_WCSNCASECMP = @GNULIB_WCSNCASECMP@
+GNULIB_WCSNCAT = @GNULIB_WCSNCAT@
+GNULIB_WCSNCMP = @GNULIB_WCSNCMP@
+GNULIB_WCSNCPY = @GNULIB_WCSNCPY@
+GNULIB_WCSNLEN = @GNULIB_WCSNLEN@
+GNULIB_WCSNRTOMBS = @GNULIB_WCSNRTOMBS@
+GNULIB_WCSPBRK = @GNULIB_WCSPBRK@
+GNULIB_WCSRCHR = @GNULIB_WCSRCHR@
+GNULIB_WCSRTOMBS = @GNULIB_WCSRTOMBS@
+GNULIB_WCSSPN = @GNULIB_WCSSPN@
+GNULIB_WCSSTR = @GNULIB_WCSSTR@
+GNULIB_WCSTOK = @GNULIB_WCSTOK@
+GNULIB_WCSWIDTH = @GNULIB_WCSWIDTH@
+GNULIB_WCSXFRM = @GNULIB_WCSXFRM@
+GNULIB_WCTOB = @GNULIB_WCTOB@
+GNULIB_WCTOMB = @GNULIB_WCTOMB@
+GNULIB_WCTRANS = @GNULIB_WCTRANS@
+GNULIB_WCTYPE = @GNULIB_WCTYPE@
+GNULIB_WCWIDTH = @GNULIB_WCWIDTH@
+GNULIB_WMEMCHR = @GNULIB_WMEMCHR@
+GNULIB_WMEMCMP = @GNULIB_WMEMCMP@
+GNULIB_WMEMCPY = @GNULIB_WMEMCPY@
+GNULIB_WMEMMOVE = @GNULIB_WMEMMOVE@
+GNULIB_WMEMSET = @GNULIB_WMEMSET@
+GNULIB_WRITE = @GNULIB_WRITE@
+GNULIB__EXIT = @GNULIB__EXIT@
+GREP = @GREP@
+HAVE_ALPHASORT = @HAVE_ALPHASORT@
+HAVE_ATOLL = @HAVE_ATOLL@
+HAVE_BTOWC = @HAVE_BTOWC@
+HAVE_CANONICALIZE_FILE_NAME = @HAVE_CANONICALIZE_FILE_NAME@
+HAVE_CHOWN = @HAVE_CHOWN@
+HAVE_CLOSEDIR = @HAVE_CLOSEDIR@
+HAVE_DECL_DIRFD = @HAVE_DECL_DIRFD@
+HAVE_DECL_ENVIRON = @HAVE_DECL_ENVIRON@
+HAVE_DECL_FCHDIR = @HAVE_DECL_FCHDIR@
+HAVE_DECL_FDATASYNC = @HAVE_DECL_FDATASYNC@
+HAVE_DECL_FDOPENDIR = @HAVE_DECL_FDOPENDIR@
+HAVE_DECL_FPURGE = @HAVE_DECL_FPURGE@
+HAVE_DECL_FSEEKO = @HAVE_DECL_FSEEKO@
+HAVE_DECL_FTELLO = @HAVE_DECL_FTELLO@
+HAVE_DECL_GETDELIM = @HAVE_DECL_GETDELIM@
+HAVE_DECL_GETDOMAINNAME = @HAVE_DECL_GETDOMAINNAME@
+HAVE_DECL_GETLINE = @HAVE_DECL_GETLINE@
+HAVE_DECL_GETLOADAVG = @HAVE_DECL_GETLOADAVG@
+HAVE_DECL_GETLOGIN_R = @HAVE_DECL_GETLOGIN_R@
+HAVE_DECL_GETPAGESIZE = @HAVE_DECL_GETPAGESIZE@
+HAVE_DECL_GETUSERSHELL = @HAVE_DECL_GETUSERSHELL@
+HAVE_DECL_IMAXABS = @HAVE_DECL_IMAXABS@
+HAVE_DECL_IMAXDIV = @HAVE_DECL_IMAXDIV@
+HAVE_DECL_LOCALTIME_R = @HAVE_DECL_LOCALTIME_R@
+HAVE_DECL_MEMMEM = @HAVE_DECL_MEMMEM@
+HAVE_DECL_MEMRCHR = @HAVE_DECL_MEMRCHR@
+HAVE_DECL_OBSTACK_PRINTF = @HAVE_DECL_OBSTACK_PRINTF@
+HAVE_DECL_SETENV = @HAVE_DECL_SETENV@
+HAVE_DECL_SETHOSTNAME = @HAVE_DECL_SETHOSTNAME@
+HAVE_DECL_SNPRINTF = @HAVE_DECL_SNPRINTF@
+HAVE_DECL_STRDUP = @HAVE_DECL_STRDUP@
+HAVE_DECL_STRERROR_R = @HAVE_DECL_STRERROR_R@
+HAVE_DECL_STRNDUP = @HAVE_DECL_STRNDUP@
+HAVE_DECL_STRNLEN = @HAVE_DECL_STRNLEN@
+HAVE_DECL_STRSIGNAL = @HAVE_DECL_STRSIGNAL@
+HAVE_DECL_STRTOIMAX = @HAVE_DECL_STRTOIMAX@
+HAVE_DECL_STRTOK_R = @HAVE_DECL_STRTOK_R@
+HAVE_DECL_STRTOUMAX = @HAVE_DECL_STRTOUMAX@
+HAVE_DECL_TTYNAME_R = @HAVE_DECL_TTYNAME_R@
+HAVE_DECL_UNSETENV = @HAVE_DECL_UNSETENV@
+HAVE_DECL_VSNPRINTF = @HAVE_DECL_VSNPRINTF@
+HAVE_DECL_WCTOB = @HAVE_DECL_WCTOB@
+HAVE_DECL_WCWIDTH = @HAVE_DECL_WCWIDTH@
+HAVE_DIRENT_H = @HAVE_DIRENT_H@
+HAVE_DPRINTF = @HAVE_DPRINTF@
+HAVE_DUP2 = @HAVE_DUP2@
+HAVE_DUP3 = @HAVE_DUP3@
+HAVE_DUPLOCALE = @HAVE_DUPLOCALE@
+HAVE_EUIDACCESS = @HAVE_EUIDACCESS@
+HAVE_FACCESSAT = @HAVE_FACCESSAT@
+HAVE_FCHDIR = @HAVE_FCHDIR@
+HAVE_FCHMODAT = @HAVE_FCHMODAT@
+HAVE_FCHOWNAT = @HAVE_FCHOWNAT@
+HAVE_FCNTL = @HAVE_FCNTL@
+HAVE_FDATASYNC = @HAVE_FDATASYNC@
+HAVE_FDOPENDIR = @HAVE_FDOPENDIR@
+HAVE_FEATURES_H = @HAVE_FEATURES_H@
+HAVE_FFSL = @HAVE_FFSL@
+HAVE_FFSLL = @HAVE_FFSLL@
+HAVE_FSEEKO = @HAVE_FSEEKO@
+HAVE_FSTATAT = @HAVE_FSTATAT@
+HAVE_FSYNC = @HAVE_FSYNC@
+HAVE_FTELLO = @HAVE_FTELLO@
+HAVE_FTRUNCATE = @HAVE_FTRUNCATE@
+HAVE_FUTIMENS = @HAVE_FUTIMENS@
+HAVE_GETDTABLESIZE = @HAVE_GETDTABLESIZE@
+HAVE_GETGROUPS = @HAVE_GETGROUPS@
+HAVE_GETHOSTNAME = @HAVE_GETHOSTNAME@
+HAVE_GETLOGIN = @HAVE_GETLOGIN@
+HAVE_GETOPT_H = @HAVE_GETOPT_H@
+HAVE_GETPAGESIZE = @HAVE_GETPAGESIZE@
+HAVE_GETSUBOPT = @HAVE_GETSUBOPT@
+HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY = @HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY@
+HAVE_GRANTPT = @HAVE_GRANTPT@
+HAVE_GROUP_MEMBER = @HAVE_GROUP_MEMBER@
+HAVE_INTTYPES_H = @HAVE_INTTYPES_H@
+HAVE_ISBLANK = @HAVE_ISBLANK@
+HAVE_ISWBLANK = @HAVE_ISWBLANK@
+HAVE_ISWCNTRL = @HAVE_ISWCNTRL@
+HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET = @HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET@
+HAVE_LANGINFO_ERA = @HAVE_LANGINFO_ERA@
+HAVE_LANGINFO_H = @HAVE_LANGINFO_H@
+HAVE_LANGINFO_T_FMT_AMPM = @HAVE_LANGINFO_T_FMT_AMPM@
+HAVE_LANGINFO_YESEXPR = @HAVE_LANGINFO_YESEXPR@
+HAVE_LCHMOD = @HAVE_LCHMOD@
+HAVE_LCHOWN = @HAVE_LCHOWN@
+HAVE_LINK = @HAVE_LINK@
+HAVE_LINKAT = @HAVE_LINKAT@
+HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT = @HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT@
+HAVE_LSTAT = @HAVE_LSTAT@
+HAVE_MAX_ALIGN_T = @HAVE_MAX_ALIGN_T@
+HAVE_MBRLEN = @HAVE_MBRLEN@
+HAVE_MBRTOWC = @HAVE_MBRTOWC@
+HAVE_MBSINIT = @HAVE_MBSINIT@
+HAVE_MBSLEN = @HAVE_MBSLEN@
+HAVE_MBSNRTOWCS = @HAVE_MBSNRTOWCS@
+HAVE_MBSRTOWCS = @HAVE_MBSRTOWCS@
+HAVE_MEMCHR = @HAVE_MEMCHR@
+HAVE_MEMPCPY = @HAVE_MEMPCPY@
+HAVE_MKDIRAT = @HAVE_MKDIRAT@
+HAVE_MKDTEMP = @HAVE_MKDTEMP@
+HAVE_MKFIFO = @HAVE_MKFIFO@
+HAVE_MKFIFOAT = @HAVE_MKFIFOAT@
+HAVE_MKNOD = @HAVE_MKNOD@
+HAVE_MKNODAT = @HAVE_MKNODAT@
+HAVE_MKOSTEMP = @HAVE_MKOSTEMP@
+HAVE_MKOSTEMPS = @HAVE_MKOSTEMPS@
+HAVE_MKSTEMP = @HAVE_MKSTEMP@
+HAVE_MKSTEMPS = @HAVE_MKSTEMPS@
+HAVE_MSVC_INVALID_PARAMETER_HANDLER = @HAVE_MSVC_INVALID_PARAMETER_HANDLER@
+HAVE_NANOSLEEP = @HAVE_NANOSLEEP@
+HAVE_NL_LANGINFO = @HAVE_NL_LANGINFO@
+HAVE_OPENAT = @HAVE_OPENAT@
+HAVE_OPENDIR = @HAVE_OPENDIR@
+HAVE_OS_H = @HAVE_OS_H@
+HAVE_PCLOSE = @HAVE_PCLOSE@
+HAVE_PIPE = @HAVE_PIPE@
+HAVE_PIPE2 = @HAVE_PIPE2@
+HAVE_POPEN = @HAVE_POPEN@
+HAVE_POSIX_OPENPT = @HAVE_POSIX_OPENPT@
+HAVE_PREAD = @HAVE_PREAD@
+HAVE_PTSNAME = @HAVE_PTSNAME@
+HAVE_PTSNAME_R = @HAVE_PTSNAME_R@
+HAVE_PWRITE = @HAVE_PWRITE@
+HAVE_RANDOM = @HAVE_RANDOM@
+HAVE_RANDOM_H = @HAVE_RANDOM_H@
+HAVE_RANDOM_R = @HAVE_RANDOM_R@
+HAVE_RAWMEMCHR = @HAVE_RAWMEMCHR@
+HAVE_READDIR = @HAVE_READDIR@
+HAVE_READLINK = @HAVE_READLINK@
+HAVE_READLINKAT = @HAVE_READLINKAT@
+HAVE_REALPATH = @HAVE_REALPATH@
+HAVE_RENAMEAT = @HAVE_RENAMEAT@
+HAVE_REWINDDIR = @HAVE_REWINDDIR@
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diff --git a/doc/fdl.texi b/doc/fdl.texi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c3bbe5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/fdl.texi
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+@c The GNU Free Documentation License.
+@center Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
+
+@c This file is intended to be included within another document,
+@c hence no sectioning command or @node.
+
+@display
+Copyright @copyright{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@uref{http://fsf.org/}
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+@end display
+
+@enumerate 0
+@item
+PREAMBLE
+
+The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
+functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to
+assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
+with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
+Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
+to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
+for modifications made by others.
+
+This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
+works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
+complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
+license designed for free software.
+
+We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
+software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
+program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
+software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
+it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
+whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
+principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
+
+@item
+APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
+
+This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
+contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
+distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
+world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
+work under the conditions stated herein.  The ``Document'', below,
+refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
+licensee, and is addressed as ``you''.  You accept the license if you
+copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
+under copyright law.
+
+A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
+Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
+modifications and/or translated into another language.
+
+A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section
+of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
+publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
+subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
+directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in
+part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
+any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
+connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
+commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
+them.
+
+The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
+are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
+that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
+section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
+allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
+Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
+Sections then there are none.
+
+The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
+as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
+the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
+be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
+
+A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
+represented in a format whose specification is available to the
+general public, that is suitable for revising the document
+straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
+pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
+drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
+for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
+to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
+format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
+or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
+An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
+of text.  A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
+
+Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
+ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input
+format, SGML or XML using a publicly available
+DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
+PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.  Examples
+of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and
+JPG@.  Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
+read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or
+XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are
+not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML,
+PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for
+output purposes only.
+
+The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
+plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
+this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
+formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
+the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
+preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
+
+The ``publisher'' means any person or entity that distributes copies
+of the Document to the public.
+
+A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
+title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
+text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
+specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
+``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.)  To ``Preserve the Title''
+of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
+section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
+
+The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
+states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
+Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
+License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
+implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
+no effect on the meaning of this License.
+
+@item
+VERBATIM COPYING
+
+You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
+commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
+copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
+to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
+conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
+technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
+copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
+compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
+number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
+
+You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
+you may publicly display copies.
+
+@item
+COPYING IN QUANTITY
+
+If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
+printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
+Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
+copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
+Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
+the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
+you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
+the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
+visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
+Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
+the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
+as verbatim copying in other respects.
+
+If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
+legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
+reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
+pages.
+
+If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
+more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
+copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
+a computer-network location from which the general network-using
+public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
+a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
+If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
+when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
+that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
+location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
+Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
+edition to the public.
+
+It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
+Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
+them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
+
+@item
+MODIFICATIONS
+
+You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
+the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
+the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
+Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
+and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
+of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
+
+@enumerate A
+@item
+Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
+from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
+(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
+of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
+if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
+
+@item
+List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
+responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
+Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
+Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
+unless they release you from this requirement.
+
+@item
+State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
+Modified Version, as the publisher.
+
+@item
+Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
+
+@item
+Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
+adjacent to the other copyright notices.
+
+@item
+Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
+giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
+terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
+
+@item
+Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
+and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
+
+@item
+Include an unaltered copy of this License.
+
+@item
+Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
+to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
+publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
+there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
+stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
+given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
+Version as stated in the previous sentence.
+
+@item
+Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
+public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
+the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
+it was based on.  These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
+You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
+least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
+publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
+
+@item
+For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
+the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
+substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
+dedications given therein.
+
+@item
+Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
+unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
+or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
+
+@item
+Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''.  Such a section
+may not be included in the Modified Version.
+
+@item
+Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
+to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
+
+@item
+Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
+@end enumerate
+
+If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
+appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
+copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
+of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
+list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
+These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
+
+You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
+nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
+parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
+been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
+standard.
+
+You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
+passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
+of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
+Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
+through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
+includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
+by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
+you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
+permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
+
+The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
+give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
+imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
+
+@item
+COMBINING DOCUMENTS
+
+You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
+License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
+versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
+Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
+list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
+license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
+
+The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
+multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
+copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
+different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
+adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
+author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
+Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
+Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
+
+In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
+in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
+``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
+and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''.  You must delete all
+sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
+
+@item
+COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
+
+You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
+released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
+License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
+the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
+verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
+
+You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
+it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
+License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
+other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
+
+@item
+AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
+
+A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
+and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
+distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
+resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
+of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
+When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
+apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
+derivative works of the Document.
+
+If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
+copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
+the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
+covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
+electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
+Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
+aggregate.
+
+@item
+TRANSLATION
+
+Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
+distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
+Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
+permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
+translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
+original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
+translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
+Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
+the original English version of this License and the original versions
+of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
+the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
+or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
+
+If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
+``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
+its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
+title.
+
+@item
+TERMINATION
+
+You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
+except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
+otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
+will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
+
+However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
+from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
+unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
+terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
+fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
+60 days after the cessation.
+
+Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
+reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
+violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
+received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
+copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
+your receipt of the notice.
+
+Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
+licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
+this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
+reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
+not give you any rights to use it.
+
+@item
+FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
+
+The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
+of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
+versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
+differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
+
+Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
+If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
+License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
+following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
+of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
+Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
+number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
+as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Document
+specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
+License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
+version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
+Document.
+
+@item
+RELICENSING
+
+``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site'' (or ``MMC Site'') means any
+World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
+provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works.  A
+public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.  A
+``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration'' (or ``MMC'') contained in the
+site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
+site.
+
+``CC-BY-SA'' means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
+license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
+corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
+California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
+published by that same organization.
+
+``Incorporate'' means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
+in part, as part of another Document.
+
+An MMC is ``eligible for relicensing'' if it is licensed under this
+License, and if all works that were first published under this License
+somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole
+or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
+and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
+
+The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
+under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
+provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
+
+@end enumerate
+
+@page
+@heading ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
+
+To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
+the License in the document and put the following copyright and
+license notices just after the title page:
+
+@smallexample
+@group
+  Copyright (C)  @var{year}  @var{your name}.
+  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+  under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
+  or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
+  with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
+  Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
+  Free Documentation License''.
+@end group
+@end smallexample
+
+If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
+replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.''@: line with this:
+
+@smallexample
+@group
+    with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
+    the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
+    being @var{list}.
+@end group
+@end smallexample
+
+If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
+combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
+situation.
+
+If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
+recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
+free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
+to permit their use in free software.
+
+@c Local Variables:
+@c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
+@c End:
diff --git a/doc/grep.in.1 b/doc/grep.in.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a3b7d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/grep.in.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1139 @@
+.\" GNU grep man page
+.if !\n(.g \{\
+.	if !\w|\*(lq| \{\
+.		ds lq ``
+.		if \w'\(lq' .ds lq "\(lq
+.	\}
+.	if !\w|\*(rq| \{\
+.		ds rq ''
+.		if \w'\(rq' .ds rq "\(rq
+.	\}
+.\}
+.
+.ie \n[.g] .mso www.tmac
+.el \{\
+. de MTO
+\\$2 \(laemail: \\$1 \(ra\\$3
+..
+. de URL
+\\$2 \(laURL: \\$1 \(ra\\$3
+..
+.\}
+.
+.TH GREP 1 \*(Dt "GNU grep @VERSION@" "User Commands"
+.hy 0
+.
+.SH NAME
+grep, egrep, fgrep \- print lines matching a pattern
+.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B grep
+.RI [ OPTIONS ]
+.I PATTERN
+.RI [ FILE .\|.\|.]
+.br
+.B grep
+.RI [ OPTIONS ]
+.RB [ \-e
+.I PATTERN
+|
+.B \-f
+.IR FILE ]
+.RI [ FILE .\|.\|.]
+.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B grep
+searches the named input
+.IR FILE s
+for lines containing a match to the given
+.IR PATTERN .
+If no files are specified, or if the file
+.RB "\*(lq" \- "\*(rq"
+is given,
+.B grep
+searches standard input.
+By default,
+.B grep
+prints the matching lines.
+.PP
+In addition, the variant programs
+.B egrep
+and
+.B fgrep
+are the same as
+.B "grep\ \-E"
+and
+.BR "grep\ \-F" ,
+respectively.
+These variants are deprecated, but are provided for backward compatibility.
+.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.SS "Generic Program Information"
+.TP
+.B \-\^\-help
+Output a usage message and exit.
+.TP
+.BR \-V ", " \-\^\-version
+Output the version number of
+.B grep
+and exit.
+.SS "Matcher Selection"
+.TP
+.BR \-E ", " \-\^\-extended\-regexp
+Interpret
+.I PATTERN
+as an extended regular expression (ERE, see below).
+.TP
+.BR \-F ", " \-\^\-fixed\-strings
+Interpret
+.I PATTERN
+as a list of fixed strings (instead of regular expressions),
+separated by newlines,
+any of which is to be matched.
+.TP
+.BR \-G ", " \-\^\-basic\-regexp
+Interpret
+.I PATTERN
+as a basic regular expression (BRE, see below).
+This is the default.
+.TP
+.BR \-P ", " \-\^\-perl\-regexp
+Interpret the pattern as a Perl-compatible regular expression (PCRE).
+This is highly experimental and
+.B "grep \-P"
+may warn of unimplemented features.
+.SS "Matching Control"
+.TP
+.BI \-e " PATTERN" "\fR,\fP \-\^\-regexp=" PATTERN
+Use
+.I PATTERN
+as the pattern.
+If this option is used multiple times or is combined with the
+.B \-f
+.RB ( \-\-file )
+option, search for all patterns given.
+This option can be used to protect a pattern beginning with \*(lq\-\*(rq.
+.TP
+.BI \-f " FILE" "\fR,\fP \-\^\-file=" FILE
+Obtain patterns from
+.IR FILE ,
+one per line.
+If this option is used multiple times or is combined with the
+.B \-e
+.RB ( \-\-regexp )
+option, search for all patterns given.
+The empty file contains zero patterns, and therefore matches nothing.
+.TP
+.BR \-i ", " \-\^\-ignore\-case
+Ignore case distinctions in both the
+.I PATTERN
+and the input files.
+.TP
+.BR \-v ", " \-\^\-invert\-match
+Invert the sense of matching, to select non-matching lines.
+.TP
+.BR \-w ", " \-\^\-word\-regexp
+Select only those lines containing matches that form whole words.
+The test is that the matching substring must either be at the
+beginning of the line, or preceded by a non-word constituent
+character.
+Similarly, it must be either at the end of the line
+or followed by a non-word constituent character.
+Word-constituent characters are letters, digits, and the underscore.
+.TP
+.BR \-x ", " \-\^\-line\-regexp
+Select only those matches that exactly match the whole line.
+For a regular expression pattern, this is like parenthesizing the
+pattern and then surrounding it with
+.B ^
+and
+.BR $ .
+.TP
+.B \-y
+Obsolete synonym for
+.BR \-i .
+.SS "General Output Control"
+.TP
+.BR \-c ", " \-\^\-count
+Suppress normal output; instead print a count of
+matching lines for each input file.
+With the
+.BR \-v ", " \-\^\-invert\-match
+option (see below), count non-matching lines.
+.TP
+.BR \-\^\-color [ =\fIWHEN\fP "], " \-\^\-colour [ =\fIWHEN\fP ]
+Surround the matched (non-empty) strings, matching lines, context lines,
+file names, line numbers, byte offsets, and separators (for fields and
+groups of context lines) with escape sequences to display them in color
+on the terminal.
+The colors are defined by the environment variable
+.BR GREP_COLORS .
+The deprecated environment variable
+.B GREP_COLOR
+is still supported, but its setting does not have priority.
+.I WHEN
+is
+.BR never ", " always ", or " auto .
+.TP
+.BR \-L ", " \-\^\-files\-without\-match
+Suppress normal output; instead print the name
+of each input file from which no output would
+normally have been printed.
+The scanning will stop on the first match.
+.TP
+.BR \-l ", " \-\^\-files\-with\-matches
+Suppress normal output; instead print
+the name of each input file from which output
+would normally have been printed.
+The scanning will stop on the first match.
+.TP
+.BI \-m " NUM" "\fR,\fP \-\^\-max\-count=" NUM
+Stop reading a file after
+.I NUM
+matching lines.
+If the input is standard input from a regular file,
+and
+.I NUM
+matching lines are output,
+.B grep
+ensures that the standard input is positioned to just after the last
+matching line before exiting, regardless of the presence of trailing
+context lines.
+This enables a calling process to resume a search.
+When
+.B grep
+stops after
+.I NUM
+matching lines, it outputs any trailing context lines.
+When the
+.B \-c
+or
+.B \-\^\-count
+option is also used,
+.B grep
+does not output a count greater than
+.IR NUM .
+When the
+.B \-v
+or
+.B \-\^\-invert\-match
+option is also used,
+.B grep
+stops after outputting
+.I NUM
+non-matching lines.
+.TP
+.BR \-o ", " \-\^\-only\-matching
+Print only the matched (non-empty) parts of a matching line,
+with each such part on a separate output line.
+.TP
+.BR \-q ", " \-\^\-quiet ", " \-\^\-silent
+Quiet; do not write anything to standard output.
+Exit immediately with zero status if any match is found,
+even if an error was detected.
+Also see the
+.B \-s
+or
+.B \-\^\-no\-messages
+option.
+.TP
+.BR \-s ", " \-\^\-no\-messages
+Suppress error messages about nonexistent or unreadable files.
+.SS "Output Line Prefix Control"
+.TP
+.BR \-b ", " \-\^\-byte\-offset
+Print the 0-based byte offset within the input file
+before each line of output.
+If
+.B \-o
+.RB ( \-\^\-only\-matching )
+is specified,
+print the offset of the matching part itself.
+.TP
+.BR \-H ", " \-\^\-with\-filename
+Print the file name for each match.
+This is the default when there is more than one file to search.
+.TP
+.BR \-h ", " \-\^\-no\-filename
+Suppress the prefixing of file names on output.
+This is the default when there is only one file
+(or only standard input) to search.
+.TP
+.BI \-\^\-label= LABEL
+Display input actually coming from standard input as input coming from file
+.IR LABEL .
+This is especially useful when implementing tools like
+.BR zgrep ,
+e.g.,
+.BR "gzip -cd foo.gz | grep --label=foo -H something" .
+See also the
+.B \-H
+option.
+.TP
+.BR \-n ", " \-\^\-line\-number
+Prefix each line of output with the 1-based line number
+within its input file.
+.TP
+.BR \-T ", " \-\^\-initial\-tab
+Make sure that the first character of actual line content lies on a
+tab stop, so that the alignment of tabs looks normal.
+This is useful with options that prefix their output to the actual content:
+.BR \-H , \-n ,
+and
+.BR \-b .
+In order to improve the probability that lines
+from a single file will all start at the same column,
+this also causes the line number and byte offset (if present)
+to be printed in a minimum size field width.
+.TP
+.BR \-u ", " \-\^\-unix\-byte\-offsets
+Report Unix-style byte offsets.
+This switch causes
+.B grep
+to report byte offsets as if the file were a Unix-style text file,
+i.e., with CR characters stripped off.
+This will produce results identical to running
+.B grep
+on a Unix machine.
+This option has no effect unless
+.B \-b
+option is also used;
+it has no effect on platforms other than \s-1MS-DOS\s0 and \s-1MS\s0-Windows.
+.TP
+.BR \-Z ", " \-\^\-null
+Output a zero byte (the \s-1ASCII\s0
+.B NUL
+character) instead of the character that normally follows a file name.
+For example,
+.B "grep \-lZ"
+outputs a zero byte after each file name instead of the usual newline.
+This option makes the output unambiguous, even in the presence of file
+names containing unusual characters like newlines.
+This option can be used with commands like
+.BR "find \-print0" ,
+.BR "perl \-0" ,
+.BR "sort \-z" ,
+and
+.B "xargs \-0"
+to process arbitrary file names,
+even those that contain newline characters.
+.SS "Context Line Control"
+.TP
+.BI \-A " NUM" "\fR,\fP \-\^\-after\-context=" NUM
+Print
+.I NUM
+lines of trailing context after matching lines.
+Places a line containing a group separator
+.RB ( \-\^\- )
+between contiguous groups of matches.
+With the
+.B \-o
+or
+.B \-\^\-only\-matching
+option, this has no effect and a warning is given.
+.TP
+.BI \-B " NUM" "\fR,\fP \-\^\-before\-context=" NUM
+Print
+.I NUM
+lines of leading context before matching lines.
+Places a line containing a group separator
+.RB ( \-\^\- )
+between contiguous groups of matches.
+With the
+.B \-o
+or
+.B \-\^\-only\-matching
+option, this has no effect and a warning is given.
+.TP
+.BI \-C " NUM" "\fR,\fP \-" NUM "\fR,\fP \-\^\-context=" NUM
+Print
+.I NUM
+lines of output context.
+Places a line containing a group separator
+.RB ( \-\^\- )
+between contiguous groups of matches.
+With the
+.B \-o
+or
+.B \-\^\-only\-matching
+option, this has no effect and a warning is given.
+.SS "File and Directory Selection"
+.TP
+.BR \-a ", " \-\^\-text
+Process a binary file as if it were text; this is equivalent to the
+.B \-\^\-binary\-files=text
+option.
+.TP
+.BI \-\^\-binary\-files= TYPE
+If the first few bytes of a file indicate that the file contains binary
+data, assume that the file is of type
+.IR TYPE .
+By default,
+.I TYPE
+is
+.BR binary ,
+and
+.B grep
+normally outputs either
+a one-line message saying that a binary file matches, or no message if
+there is no match.
+If
+.I TYPE
+is
+.BR without-match ,
+.B grep
+assumes that a binary file does not match; this is equivalent to the
+.B \-I
+option.
+If
+.I TYPE
+is
+.BR text ,
+.B grep
+processes a binary file as if it were text; this is equivalent to the
+.B \-a
+option.
+When processing binary data,
+.B grep
+may treat non-text bytes as line terminators; for example, the pattern
+.RB ' . '\&
+(period) might not match a null byte, as the null byte might be
+treated as a line terminator.
+.I Warning:
+.B "grep \-\^\-binary\-files=text"
+might output binary garbage,
+which can have nasty side effects if the output is a terminal and if the
+terminal driver interprets some of it as commands.
+.TP
+.BI \-D " ACTION" "\fR,\fP \-\^\-devices=" ACTION
+If an input file is a device, FIFO or socket, use
+.I ACTION
+to process it.
+By default,
+.I ACTION
+is
+.BR read ,
+which means that devices are read just as if they were ordinary files.
+If
+.I ACTION
+is
+.BR skip ,
+devices are silently skipped.
+.TP
+.BI \-d " ACTION" "\fR,\fP \-\^\-directories=" ACTION
+If an input file is a directory, use
+.I ACTION
+to process it.
+By default,
+.I ACTION
+is
+.BR read ,
+i.e., read directories just as if they were ordinary files.
+If
+.I ACTION
+is
+.BR skip ,
+silently skip directories.
+If
+.I ACTION
+is
+.BR recurse ,
+read all files under each directory, recursively,
+following symbolic links only if they are on the command line.
+This is equivalent to the
+.B \-r
+option.
+.TP
+.BI \-\^\-exclude= GLOB
+Skip files whose base name matches
+.I GLOB
+(using wildcard matching).
+A file-name glob can use
+.BR * ,
+.BR ? ,
+and
+.BR [ ... ]
+as wildcards, and
+.B \e
+to quote a wildcard or backslash character literally.
+.TP
+.BI \-\^\-exclude-from= FILE
+Skip files whose base name matches any of the file-name globs read from
+.I FILE
+(using wildcard matching as described under
+.BR \-\^\-exclude ).
+.TP
+.BI \-\^\-exclude-dir= DIR
+Exclude directories matching the pattern
+.I DIR
+from recursive searches.
+.TP
+.BR \-I
+Process a binary file as if it did not contain matching data; this is
+equivalent to the
+.B \-\^\-binary\-files=without-match
+option.
+.TP
+.BI \-\^\-include= GLOB
+Search only files whose base name matches
+.I GLOB
+(using wildcard matching as described under
+.BR \-\^\-exclude ).
+.TP
+.BR \-r ", " \-\^\-recursive
+Read all files under each directory, recursively,
+following symbolic links only if they are on the command line.
+Note that if no file operand is given, grep searches the working directory.
+This is equivalent to the
+.B "\-d recurse"
+option.
+.TP
+.BR \-R ", " \-\^\-dereference\-recursive
+Read all files under each directory, recursively.
+Follow all symbolic links, unlike
+.BR \-r .
+.SS "Other Options"
+.TP
+.BR \-\^\-line\-buffered
+Use line buffering on output.
+This can cause a performance penalty.
+.TP
+.BR \-U ", " \-\^\-binary
+Treat the file(s) as binary.
+By default, under \s-1MS-DOS\s0 and \s-1MS\s0-Windows,
+.BR grep
+guesses the file type by looking at the contents of the first 32KB
+read from the file.
+If
+.BR grep
+decides the file is a text file, it strips the CR characters from the
+original file contents (to make regular expressions with
+.B ^
+and
+.B $
+work correctly).
+Specifying
+.B \-U
+overrules this guesswork, causing all files to be read and passed to the
+matching mechanism verbatim; if the file is a text file with CR/LF
+pairs at the end of each line, this will cause some regular
+expressions to fail.
+This option has no effect on platforms
+other than \s-1MS-DOS\s0 and \s-1MS\s0-Windows.
+.TP
+.BR \-z ", " \-\^\-null\-data
+Treat the input as a set of lines,
+each terminated by a zero byte (the \s-1ASCII\s0
+.B NUL
+character) instead of a newline.
+Like the
+.B -Z
+or
+.B \-\^\-null
+option, this option can be used with commands like
+.B sort -z
+to process arbitrary file names.
+.
+.SH "REGULAR EXPRESSIONS"
+A regular expression is a pattern that describes a set of strings.
+Regular expressions are constructed analogously to arithmetic
+expressions, by using various operators to combine smaller expressions.
+.PP
+.B grep
+understands three different versions of regular expression syntax:
+\*(lqbasic\*(rq (BRE), \*(lqextended\*(rq (ERE) and \*(lqperl\*(rq (PCRE).
+In
+.RB "\s-1GNU\s0\ " grep ,
+there is no difference in available functionality between basic and
+extended syntaxes.
+In other implementations, basic regular expressions are less powerful.
+The following description applies to extended regular expressions;
+differences for basic regular expressions are summarized afterwards.
+Perl-compatible regular expressions give additional functionality, and are
+documented in pcresyntax(3) and pcrepattern(3), but work only if
+PCRE is available in the system.
+.PP
+The fundamental building blocks are the regular expressions
+that match a single character.
+Most characters, including all letters and digits,
+are regular expressions that match themselves.
+Any meta-character with special meaning
+may be quoted by preceding it with a backslash.
+.PP
+The period
+.B .\&
+matches any single character.
+.SS "Character Classes and Bracket Expressions"
+A
+.I "bracket expression"
+is a list of characters enclosed by
+.B [
+and
+.BR ] .
+It matches any single
+character in that list; if the first character of the list
+is the caret
+.B ^
+then it matches any character
+.I not
+in the list.
+For example, the regular expression
+.B [0123456789]
+matches any single digit.
+.PP
+Within a bracket expression, a
+.I "range expression"
+consists of two characters separated by a hyphen.
+It matches any single character that sorts between the two characters,
+inclusive, using the locale's collating sequence and character set.
+For example, in the default C locale,
+.B [a\-d]
+is equivalent to
+.BR [abcd] .
+Many locales sort characters in dictionary order, and in these locales
+.B [a\-d]
+is typically not equivalent to
+.BR [abcd] ;
+it might be equivalent to
+.BR [aBbCcDd] ,
+for example.
+To obtain the traditional interpretation of bracket expressions,
+you can use the C locale by setting the
+.B LC_ALL
+environment variable to the value
+.BR C .
+.PP
+Finally, certain named classes of characters are predefined within
+bracket expressions, as follows.
+Their names are self explanatory, and they are
+.BR [:alnum:] ,
+.BR [:alpha:] ,
+.BR [:cntrl:] ,
+.BR [:digit:] ,
+.BR [:graph:] ,
+.BR [:lower:] ,
+.BR [:print:] ,
+.BR [:punct:] ,
+.BR [:space:] ,
+.BR [:upper:] ,
+and
+.BR [:xdigit:].
+For example,
+.B [[:alnum:]]
+means the character class of numbers and
+letters in the current locale. In the C locale and \s-1ASCII\s0
+character set encoding, this is the same as
+.BR [0\-9A\-Za\-z] .
+(Note that the brackets in these class names are part of the symbolic
+names, and must be included in addition to the brackets delimiting
+the bracket expression.)
+Most meta-characters lose their special meaning inside bracket expressions.
+To include a literal
+.B ]
+place it first in the list.
+Similarly, to include a literal
+.B ^
+place it anywhere but first.
+Finally, to include a literal
+.B \-
+place it last.
+.SS Anchoring
+The caret
+.B ^
+and the dollar sign
+.B $
+are meta-characters that respectively match the empty string at the
+beginning and end of a line.
+.SS "The Backslash Character and Special Expressions"
+The symbols
+.B \e<
+and
+.B \e>
+respectively match the empty string at the beginning and end of a word.
+The symbol
+.B \eb
+matches the empty string at the edge of a word,
+and
+.B \eB
+matches the empty string provided it's
+.I not
+at the edge of a word.
+The symbol
+.B \ew
+is a synonym for
+.B [_[:alnum:]]
+and
+.B \eW
+is a synonym for
+.BR [^_[:alnum:]] .
+.SS Repetition
+A regular expression may be followed by one of several repetition operators:
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B ?
+The preceding item is optional and matched at most once.
+.TP
+.B *
+The preceding item will be matched zero or more times.
+.TP
+.B +
+The preceding item will be matched one or more times.
+.TP
+.BI { n }
+The preceding item is matched exactly
+.I n
+times.
+.TP
+.BI { n ,}
+The preceding item is matched
+.I n
+or more times.
+.TP
+.BI {, m }
+The preceding item is matched at most
+.I m
+times.
+This is a \s-1GNU\s0 extension.
+.TP
+.BI { n , m }
+The preceding item is matched at least
+.I n
+times, but not more than
+.I m
+times.
+.PD
+.SS Concatenation
+Two regular expressions may be concatenated; the resulting
+regular expression matches any string formed by concatenating
+two substrings that respectively match the concatenated
+expressions.
+.SS Alternation
+Two regular expressions may be joined by the infix operator
+.BR | ;
+the resulting regular expression matches any string matching
+either alternate expression.
+.SS Precedence
+Repetition takes precedence over concatenation, which in turn
+takes precedence over alternation.
+A whole expression may be enclosed in parentheses
+to override these precedence rules and form a subexpression.
+.SS "Back References and Subexpressions"
+The back-reference
+.BI \e n\c
+\&, where
+.I n
+is a single digit, matches the substring
+previously matched by the
+.IR n th
+parenthesized subexpression of the regular expression.
+.SS "Basic vs Extended Regular Expressions"
+In basic regular expressions the meta-characters
+.BR ? ,
+.BR + ,
+.BR { ,
+.BR | ,
+.BR ( ,
+and
+.BR )
+lose their special meaning; instead use the backslashed
+versions
+.BR \e? ,
+.BR \e+ ,
+.BR \e{ ,
+.BR \e| ,
+.BR \e( ,
+and
+.BR \e) .
+.
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
+The behavior of
+.B grep
+is affected by the following environment variables.
+.PP
+The locale for category
+.BI LC_ foo
+is specified by examining the three environment variables
+.BR LC_ALL ,
+.BR LC_\fIfoo\fP ,
+.BR LANG ,
+in that order.
+The first of these variables that is set specifies the locale.
+For example, if
+.B LC_ALL
+is not set, but
+.B LC_MESSAGES
+is set to
+.BR pt_BR ,
+then the Brazilian Portuguese locale is used for the
+.B LC_MESSAGES
+category.
+The C locale is used if none of these environment variables are set,
+if the locale catalog is not installed, or if
+.B grep
+was not compiled with national language support (\s-1NLS\s0).
+.TP
+.B GREP_OPTIONS
+This variable specifies default options
+to be placed in front of any explicit options.
+As this causes problems when writing portable scripts,
+this feature will be removed in a future release of
+.BR grep ,
+and
+.B grep
+warns if it is used.
+Please use an alias or script instead.
+.TP
+.B GREP_COLOR
+This variable specifies the color used to highlight matched (non-empty) text.
+It is deprecated in favor of
+.BR GREP_COLORS ,
+but still supported.
+The
+.BR mt ,
+.BR ms ,
+and
+.B mc
+capabilities of
+.B GREP_COLORS
+have priority over it.
+It can only specify the color used to highlight
+the matching non-empty text in any matching line
+(a selected line when the
+.B -v
+command-line option is omitted,
+or a context line when
+.B -v
+is specified).
+The default is
+.BR 01;31 ,
+which means a bold red foreground text on the terminal's default background.
+.TP
+.B GREP_COLORS
+Specifies the colors and other attributes
+used to highlight various parts of the output.
+Its value is a colon-separated list of capabilities
+that defaults to
+.B ms=01;31:mc=01;31:sl=:cx=:fn=35:ln=32:bn=32:se=36
+with the
+.B rv
+and
+.B ne
+boolean capabilities omitted (i.e., false).
+Supported capabilities are as follows.
+.RS
+.TP
+.B sl=
+SGR substring for whole selected lines
+(i.e.,
+matching lines when the
+.B \-v
+command-line option is omitted,
+or non-matching lines when
+.B \-v
+is specified).
+If however the boolean
+.B rv
+capability
+and the
+.B \-v
+command-line option are both specified,
+it applies to context matching lines instead.
+The default is empty (i.e., the terminal's default color pair).
+.TP
+.B cx=
+SGR substring for whole context lines
+(i.e.,
+non-matching lines when the
+.B \-v
+command-line option is omitted,
+or matching lines when
+.B \-v
+is specified).
+If however the boolean
+.B rv
+capability
+and the
+.B \-v
+command-line option are both specified,
+it applies to selected non-matching lines instead.
+The default is empty (i.e., the terminal's default color pair).
+.TP
+.B rv
+Boolean value that reverses (swaps) the meanings of
+the
+.B sl=
+and
+.B cx=
+capabilities
+when the
+.B \-v
+command-line option is specified.
+The default is false (i.e., the capability is omitted).
+.TP
+.B mt=01;31
+SGR substring for matching non-empty text in any matching line
+(i.e.,
+a selected line when the
+.B \-v
+command-line option is omitted,
+or a context line when
+.B \-v
+is specified).
+Setting this is equivalent to setting both
+.B ms=
+and
+.B mc=
+at once to the same value.
+The default is a bold red text foreground over the current line background.
+.TP
+.B ms=01;31
+SGR substring for matching non-empty text in a selected line.
+(This is only used when the
+.B \-v
+command-line option is omitted.)
+The effect of the
+.B sl=
+(or
+.B cx=
+if
+.BR rv )
+capability remains active when this kicks in.
+The default is a bold red text foreground over the current line background.
+.TP
+.B mc=01;31
+SGR substring for matching non-empty text in a context line.
+(This is only used when the
+.B \-v
+command-line option is specified.)
+The effect of the
+.B cx=
+(or
+.B sl=
+if
+.BR rv )
+capability remains active when this kicks in.
+The default is a bold red text foreground over the current line background.
+.TP
+.B fn=35
+SGR substring for file names prefixing any content line.
+The default is a magenta text foreground over the terminal's default background.
+.TP
+.B ln=32
+SGR substring for line numbers prefixing any content line.
+The default is a green text foreground over the terminal's default background.
+.TP
+.B bn=32
+SGR substring for byte offsets prefixing any content line.
+The default is a green text foreground over the terminal's default background.
+.TP
+.B se=36
+SGR substring for separators that are inserted
+between selected line fields
+.RB ( : ),
+between context line fields,
+.RB ( \- ),
+and between groups of adjacent lines when nonzero context is specified
+.RB ( \-\^\- ).
+The default is a cyan text foreground over the terminal's default background.
+.TP
+.B ne
+Boolean value that prevents clearing to the end of line
+using Erase in Line (EL) to Right
+.RB ( \\\\\\33[K )
+each time a colorized item ends.
+This is needed on terminals on which EL is not supported.
+It is otherwise useful on terminals
+for which the
+.B back_color_erase
+.RB ( bce )
+boolean terminfo capability does not apply,
+when the chosen highlight colors do not affect the background,
+or when EL is too slow or causes too much flicker.
+The default is false (i.e., the capability is omitted).
+.PP
+Note that boolean capabilities have no
+.BR = ...
+part.
+They are omitted (i.e., false) by default and become true when specified.
+.PP
+See the Select Graphic Rendition (SGR) section
+in the documentation of the text terminal that is used
+for permitted values and their meaning as character attributes.
+These substring values are integers in decimal representation
+and can be concatenated with semicolons.
+.B grep
+takes care of assembling the result
+into a complete SGR sequence
+.RB ( \\\\\\33[ ... m ).
+Common values to concatenate include
+.B 1
+for bold,
+.B 4
+for underline,
+.B 5
+for blink,
+.B 7
+for inverse,
+.B 39
+for default foreground color,
+.B 30
+to
+.B 37
+for foreground colors,
+.B 90
+to
+.B 97
+for 16-color mode foreground colors,
+.B 38;5;0
+to
+.B 38;5;255
+for 88-color and 256-color modes foreground colors,
+.B 49
+for default background color,
+.B 40
+to
+.B 47
+for background colors,
+.B 100
+to
+.B 107
+for 16-color mode background colors, and
+.B 48;5;0
+to
+.B 48;5;255
+for 88-color and 256-color modes background colors.
+.RE
+.TP
+\fBLC_ALL\fP, \fBLC_COLLATE\fP, \fBLANG\fP
+These variables specify the locale for the
+.B LC_COLLATE
+category,
+which determines the collating sequence
+used to interpret range expressions like
+.BR [a\-z] .
+.TP
+\fBLC_ALL\fP, \fBLC_CTYPE\fP, \fBLANG\fP
+These variables specify the locale for the
+.B LC_CTYPE
+category,
+which determines the type of characters,
+e.g., which characters are whitespace.
+.TP
+\fBLC_ALL\fP, \fBLC_MESSAGES\fP, \fBLANG\fP
+These variables specify the locale for the
+.B LC_MESSAGES
+category,
+which determines the language that
+.B grep
+uses for messages.
+The default C locale uses American English messages.
+.TP
+.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
+If set,
+.B grep
+behaves as \s-1POSIX\s0 requires; otherwise,
+.B grep
+behaves more like other \s-1GNU\s0 programs.
+\s-1POSIX\s0 requires that options that follow file names must be
+treated as file names; by default, such options are permuted to the
+front of the operand list and are treated as options.
+Also, \s-1POSIX\s0 requires that unrecognized options be diagnosed as
+\*(lqillegal\*(rq, but since they are not really against the law the default
+is to diagnose them as \*(lqinvalid\*(rq.
+.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
+also disables \fB_\fP\fIN\fP\fB_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_\fP,
+described below.
+.TP
+\fB_\fP\fIN\fP\fB_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_\fP
+(Here
+.I N
+is
+.BR grep 's
+numeric process ID.)  If the
+.IR i th
+character of this environment variable's value is
+.BR 1 ,
+do not consider the
+.IR i th
+operand of
+.B grep
+to be an option, even if it appears to be one.
+A shell can put this variable in the environment for each command it runs,
+specifying which operands are the results of file name wildcard
+expansion and therefore should not be treated as options.
+This behavior is available only with the \s-1GNU\s0 C library, and only
+when
+.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
+is not set.
+.
+.SH "EXIT STATUS"
+Normally the exit status is 0 if a line is selected, 1 if no lines
+were selected, and 2 if an error occurred.  However, if the
+.B \-q
+or
+.B \-\^\-quiet
+or
+.B \-\^\-silent
+is used and a line is selected, the exit status is 0 even if an error
+occurred.
+.
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Copyright 1998-2000, 2002, 2005-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.PP
+This is free software;
+see the source for copying conditions.
+There is NO warranty;
+not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+.
+.SH BUGS
+.SS "Reporting Bugs"
+Email bug reports to
+.MTO bug-grep@gnu.org "the bug-reporting address" .
+An
+.URL http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/bug-grep "email archive"
+and a
+.URL http://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi/pkgreport.cgi?package=grep "bug tracker"
+are available.
+.SS "Known Bugs"
+Large repetition counts in the
+.BI { n , m }
+construct may cause
+.B grep
+to use lots of memory.
+In addition,
+certain other obscure regular expressions require exponential time
+and space, and may cause
+.B grep
+to run out of memory.
+.PP
+Back-references are very slow, and may require exponential time.
+.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.SS "Regular Manual Pages"
+awk(1), cmp(1), diff(1), find(1), gzip(1),
+perl(1), sed(1), sort(1), xargs(1), zgrep(1),
+read(2),
+pcre(3), pcresyntax(3), pcrepattern(3),
+terminfo(5),
+glob(7), regex(7).
+.SS "\s-1POSIX\s0 Programmer's Manual Page"
+grep(1p).
+.SS "Full Documentation"
+A
+.URL http://www.gnu.org/software/grep/manual/ "complete manual"
+is available.
+If the
+.B info
+and
+.B grep
+programs are properly installed at your site, the command
+.IP
+.B info grep
+.PP
+should give you access to the complete manual.
+.
+.SH NOTES
+This man page is maintained only fitfully;
+the full documentation is often more up-to-date.
+.\" Work around problems with some troff -man implementations.
+.br
diff --git a/doc/grep.info b/doc/grep.info
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84caea1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/grep.info
@@ -0,0 +1,2345 @@
+This is grep.info-t, produced by makeinfo version 6.0 from grep.texi.
+
+This manual is for ‘grep’, a pattern matching engine.
+
+   Copyright © 1999-2002, 2005, 2008-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
+     Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
+     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts,
+     and with no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in
+     the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.
+INFO-DIR-SECTION Text creation and manipulation
+START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+* grep: (grep).                 Print lines matching a pattern.
+END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Top,  Next: Introduction,  Up: (dir)
+
+grep
+****
+
+‘grep’ prints lines that contain a match for a pattern.
+
+   This manual is for version 2.25 of GNU Grep.
+
+   This manual is for ‘grep’, a pattern matching engine.
+
+   Copyright © 1999-2002, 2005, 2008-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
+     Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
+     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts,
+     and with no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in
+     the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Introduction::                Introduction.
+* Invoking::                    Command-line options, environment, exit status.
+* Regular Expressions::         Regular Expressions.
+* Usage::                       Examples.
+* Reporting Bugs::              Reporting Bugs.
+* Copying::                     License terms for this manual.
+* Index::                       Combined index.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Introduction,  Next: Invoking,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top
+
+1 Introduction
+**************
+
+‘grep’ searches input files for lines containing a match to a given
+pattern list.  When it finds a match in a line, it copies the line to
+standard output (by default), or produces whatever other sort of output
+you have requested with options.
+
+   Though ‘grep’ expects to do the matching on text, it has no limits on
+input line length other than available memory, and it can match
+arbitrary characters within a line.  If the final byte of an input file
+is not a newline, ‘grep’ silently supplies one.  Since newline is also a
+separator for the list of patterns, there is no way to match newline
+characters in a text.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Invoking,  Next: Regular Expressions,  Prev: Introduction,  Up: Top
+
+2 Invoking ‘grep’
+*****************
+
+The general synopsis of the ‘grep’ command line is
+
+     grep OPTIONS PATTERN INPUT_FILE_NAMES
+
+There can be zero or more OPTIONS.  PATTERN will only be seen as such
+(and not as an INPUT_FILE_NAME) if it wasn’t already specified within
+OPTIONS (by using the ‘-e PATTERN’ or ‘-f FILE’ options).  There can be
+zero or more INPUT_FILE_NAMES.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Command-line Options::        Short and long names, grouped by category.
+* Environment Variables::       POSIX, GNU generic, and GNU grep specific.
+* Exit Status::                 Exit status returned by ‘grep’.
+* grep Programs::               ‘grep’ programs.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Command-line Options,  Next: Environment Variables,  Up: Invoking
+
+2.1 Command-line Options
+========================
+
+‘grep’ comes with a rich set of options: some from POSIX and some being
+GNU extensions.  Long option names are always a GNU extension, even for
+options that are from POSIX specifications.  Options that are specified
+by POSIX, under their short names, are explicitly marked as such to
+facilitate POSIX-portable programming.  A few option names are provided
+for compatibility with older or more exotic implementations.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Generic Program Information::
+* Matching Control::
+* General Output Control::
+* Output Line Prefix Control::
+* Context Line Control::
+* File and Directory Selection::
+* Other Options::
+
+   Several additional options control which variant of the ‘grep’
+matching engine is used.  *Note grep Programs::.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Generic Program Information,  Next: Matching Control,  Up: Command-line Options
+
+2.1.1 Generic Program Information
+---------------------------------
+
+‘--help’
+     Print a usage message briefly summarizing the command-line options
+     and the bug-reporting address, then exit.
+
+‘-V’
+‘--version’
+     Print the version number of ‘grep’ to the standard output stream.
+     This version number should be included in all bug reports.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Matching Control,  Next: General Output Control,  Prev: Generic Program Information,  Up: Command-line Options
+
+2.1.2 Matching Control
+----------------------
+
+‘-e PATTERN’
+‘--regexp=PATTERN’
+     Use PATTERN as the pattern.  If this option is used multiple times
+     or is combined with the ‘-f’ (‘--file’) option, search for all
+     patterns given.  (‘-e’ is specified by POSIX.)
+
+‘-f FILE’
+‘--file=FILE’
+     Obtain patterns from FILE, one per line.  If this option is used
+     multiple times or is combined with the ‘-e’ (‘--regexp’) option,
+     search for all patterns given.  The empty file contains zero
+     patterns, and therefore matches nothing.  (‘-f’ is specified by
+     POSIX.)
+
+‘-i’
+‘-y’
+‘--ignore-case’
+     Ignore case distinctions, so that characters that differ only in
+     case match each other.  Although this is straightforward when
+     letters differ in case only via lowercase-uppercase pairs, the
+     behavior is unspecified in other situations.  For example,
+     uppercase “S” has an unusual lowercase counterpart “ſ” (Unicode
+     character U+017F, LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S) in many locales, and
+     it is unspecified whether this unusual character matches “S” or “s”
+     even though uppercasing it yields “S”.  Another example: the
+     lowercase German letter “ß” (U+00DF, LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S) is
+     normally capitalized as the two-character string “SS” but it does
+     not match “SS”, and it might not match the uppercase letter “ẞ”
+     (U+1E9E, LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S) even though lowercasing the
+     latter yields the former.
+
+     ‘-y’ is an obsolete synonym that is provided for compatibility.
+     (‘-i’ is specified by POSIX.)
+
+‘-v’
+‘--invert-match’
+     Invert the sense of matching, to select non-matching lines.  (‘-v’
+     is specified by POSIX.)
+
+‘-w’
+‘--word-regexp’
+     Select only those lines containing matches that form whole words.
+     The test is that the matching substring must either be at the
+     beginning of the line, or preceded by a non-word constituent
+     character.  Similarly, it must be either at the end of the line or
+     followed by a non-word constituent character.  Word-constituent
+     characters are letters, digits, and the underscore.  This option
+     has no effect if ‘-x’ is also specified.
+
+‘-x’
+‘--line-regexp’
+     Select only those matches that exactly match the whole line.  For a
+     regular expression pattern, this is like parenthesizing the pattern
+     and then surrounding it with ‘^’ and ‘$’.  (‘-x’ is specified by
+     POSIX.)
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: General Output Control,  Next: Output Line Prefix Control,  Prev: Matching Control,  Up: Command-line Options
+
+2.1.3 General Output Control
+----------------------------
+
+‘-c’
+‘--count’
+     Suppress normal output; instead print a count of matching lines for
+     each input file.  With the ‘-v’ (‘--invert-match’) option, count
+     non-matching lines.  (‘-c’ is specified by POSIX.)
+
+‘--color[=WHEN]’
+‘--colour[=WHEN]’
+     Surround the matched (non-empty) strings, matching lines, context
+     lines, file names, line numbers, byte offsets, and separators (for
+     fields and groups of context lines) with escape sequences to
+     display them in color on the terminal.  The colors are defined by
+     the environment variable ‘GREP_COLORS’ and default to
+     ‘ms=01;31:mc=01;31:sl=:cx=:fn=35:ln=32:bn=32:se=36’ for bold red
+     matched text, magenta file names, green line numbers, green byte
+     offsets, cyan separators, and default terminal colors otherwise.
+     The deprecated environment variable ‘GREP_COLOR’ is still
+     supported, but its setting does not have priority; it defaults to
+     ‘01;31’ (bold red) which only covers the color for matched text.
+     WHEN is ‘never’, ‘always’, or ‘auto’.
+
+‘-L’
+‘--files-without-match’
+     Suppress normal output; instead print the name of each input file
+     from which no output would normally have been printed.  The
+     scanning of each file stops on the first match.
+
+‘-l’
+‘--files-with-matches’
+     Suppress normal output; instead print the name of each input file
+     from which output would normally have been printed.  The scanning
+     of each file stops on the first match.  (‘-l’ is specified by
+     POSIX.)
+
+‘-m NUM’
+‘--max-count=NUM’
+     Stop reading a file after NUM matching lines.  If the input is
+     standard input from a regular file, and NUM matching lines are
+     output, ‘grep’ ensures that the standard input is positioned just
+     after the last matching line before exiting, regardless of the
+     presence of trailing context lines.  This enables a calling process
+     to resume a search.  For example, the following shell script makes
+     use of it:
+
+          while grep -m 1 PATTERN
+          do
+            echo xxxx
+          done < FILE
+
+     But the following probably will not work because a pipe is not a
+     regular file:
+
+          # This probably will not work.
+          cat FILE |
+          while grep -m 1 PATTERN
+          do
+            echo xxxx
+          done
+
+     When ‘grep’ stops after NUM matching lines, it outputs any trailing
+     context lines.  Since context does not include matching lines,
+     ‘grep’ will stop when it encounters another matching line.  When
+     the ‘-c’ or ‘--count’ option is also used, ‘grep’ does not output a
+     count greater than NUM.  When the ‘-v’ or ‘--invert-match’ option
+     is also used, ‘grep’ stops after outputting NUM non-matching lines.
+
+‘-o’
+‘--only-matching’
+     Print only the matched (non-empty) parts of matching lines, with
+     each such part on a separate output line.
+
+‘-q’
+‘--quiet’
+‘--silent’
+     Quiet; do not write anything to standard output.  Exit immediately
+     with zero status if any match is found, even if an error was
+     detected.  Also see the ‘-s’ or ‘--no-messages’ option.  (‘-q’ is
+     specified by POSIX.)
+
+‘-s’
+‘--no-messages’
+     Suppress error messages about nonexistent or unreadable files.
+     Portability note: unlike GNU ‘grep’, 7th Edition Unix ‘grep’ did
+     not conform to POSIX, because it lacked ‘-q’ and its ‘-s’ option
+     behaved like GNU ‘grep’’s ‘-q’ option.(1)  USG-style ‘grep’ also
+     lacked ‘-q’ but its ‘-s’ option behaved like GNU ‘grep’’s.
+     Portable shell scripts should avoid both ‘-q’ and ‘-s’ and should
+     redirect standard and error output to ‘/dev/null’ instead.  (‘-s’
+     is specified by POSIX.)
+
+   ---------- Footnotes ----------
+
+   (1) Of course, 7th Edition Unix predated POSIX by several years!
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Output Line Prefix Control,  Next: Context Line Control,  Prev: General Output Control,  Up: Command-line Options
+
+2.1.4 Output Line Prefix Control
+--------------------------------
+
+When several prefix fields are to be output, the order is always file
+name, line number, and byte offset, regardless of the order in which
+these options were specified.
+
+‘-b’
+‘--byte-offset’
+     Print the 0-based byte offset within the input file before each
+     line of output.  If ‘-o’ (‘--only-matching’) is specified, print
+     the offset of the matching part itself.  When ‘grep’ runs on MS-DOS
+     or MS-Windows, the printed byte offsets depend on whether the ‘-u’
+     (‘--unix-byte-offsets’) option is used; see below.
+
+‘-H’
+‘--with-filename’
+     Print the file name for each match.  This is the default when there
+     is more than one file to search.
+
+‘-h’
+‘--no-filename’
+     Suppress the prefixing of file names on output.  This is the
+     default when there is only one file (or only standard input) to
+     search.
+
+‘--label=LABEL’
+     Display input actually coming from standard input as input coming
+     from file LABEL.  This is especially useful when implementing tools
+     like ‘zgrep’; e.g.:
+
+          gzip -cd foo.gz | grep --label=foo -H something
+
+‘-n’
+‘--line-number’
+     Prefix each line of output with the 1-based line number within its
+     input file.  (‘-n’ is specified by POSIX.)
+
+‘-T’
+‘--initial-tab’
+     Make sure that the first character of actual line content lies on a
+     tab stop, so that the alignment of tabs looks normal.  This is
+     useful with options that prefix their output to the actual content:
+     ‘-H’, ‘-n’, and ‘-b’.  In order to improve the probability that
+     lines from a single file will all start at the same column, this
+     also causes the line number and byte offset (if present) to be
+     printed in a minimum-size field width.
+
+‘-u’
+‘--unix-byte-offsets’
+     Report Unix-style byte offsets.  This option causes ‘grep’ to
+     report byte offsets as if the file were a Unix-style text file,
+     i.e., the byte offsets ignore carriage returns that were stripped.
+     This will produce results identical to running ‘grep’ on a Unix
+     machine.  This option has no effect unless the ‘-b’ option is also
+     used; it has no effect on platforms other than MS-DOS and
+     MS-Windows.
+
+‘-Z’
+‘--null’
+     Output a zero byte (the ASCII NUL character) instead of the
+     character that normally follows a file name.  For example, ‘grep
+     -lZ’ outputs a zero byte after each file name instead of the usual
+     newline.  This option makes the output unambiguous, even in the
+     presence of file names containing unusual characters like newlines.
+     This option can be used with commands like ‘find -print0’, ‘perl
+     -0’, ‘sort -z’, and ‘xargs -0’ to process arbitrary file names,
+     even those that contain newline characters.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Context Line Control,  Next: File and Directory Selection,  Prev: Output Line Prefix Control,  Up: Command-line Options
+
+2.1.5 Context Line Control
+--------------------------
+
+Regardless of how these options are set, ‘grep’ will never print any
+given line more than once.  If the ‘-o’ (‘--only-matching’) option is
+specified, these options have no effect and a warning is given upon
+their use.
+
+‘-A NUM’
+‘--after-context=NUM’
+     Print NUM lines of trailing context after matching lines.
+
+‘-B NUM’
+‘--before-context=NUM’
+     Print NUM lines of leading context before matching lines.
+
+‘-C NUM’
+‘-NUM’
+‘--context=NUM’
+     Print NUM lines of leading and trailing output context.
+
+‘--group-separator=STRING’
+     When ‘-A’, ‘-B’ or ‘-C’ are in use, print STRING instead of ‘--’
+     between groups of lines.
+
+‘--no-group-separator’
+     When ‘-A’, ‘-B’ or ‘-C’ are in use, do not print a separator
+     between groups of lines.
+
+   Here are some points about how ‘grep’ chooses the separator to print
+between prefix fields and line content:
+
+   • Matching lines normally use ‘:’ as a separator between prefix
+     fields and actual line content.
+
+   • Context (i.e., non-matching) lines use ‘-’ instead.
+
+   • When context is not specified, matching lines are simply output one
+     right after another.
+
+   • When context is specified, lines that are adjacent in the input
+     form a group and are output one right after another, while by
+     default a separator appears between non-adjacent groups.
+
+   • The default separator is a ‘--’ line; its presence and appearance
+     can be changed with the options above.
+
+   • Each group may contain several matching lines when they are close
+     enough to each other that two adjacent groups connect and can merge
+     into a single contiguous one.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: File and Directory Selection,  Next: Other Options,  Prev: Context Line Control,  Up: Command-line Options
+
+2.1.6 File and Directory Selection
+----------------------------------
+
+‘-a’
+‘--text’
+     Process a binary file as if it were text; this is equivalent to the
+     ‘--binary-files=text’ option.
+
+‘--binary-files=TYPE’
+     If a file’s data or metadata indicate that the file contains binary
+     data, assume that the file is of type TYPE.  Non-text bytes
+     indicate binary data; these are either output bytes that are
+     improperly encoded for the current locale (*note Environment
+     Variables::), or null input bytes when the ‘-z’ (‘--null-data’)
+     option is not given (*note Other Options::).
+
+     By default, TYPE is ‘binary’, and when ‘grep’ discovers that a file
+     is binary it suppresses any further output, and instead outputs
+     either a one-line message saying that a binary file matches, or no
+     message if there is no match.
+
+     If TYPE is ‘without-match’, when ‘grep’ discovers that a file is
+     binary it assumes that the rest of the file does not match; this is
+     equivalent to the ‘-I’ option.
+
+     If TYPE is ‘text’, ‘grep’ processes a binary file as if it were
+     text; this is equivalent to the ‘-a’ option.
+
+     When TYPE is ‘binary’, ‘grep’ may treat non-text bytes as line
+     terminators even without the ‘-z’ (‘--null-data’) option.  This
+     means choosing ‘binary’ versus ‘text’ can affect whether a pattern
+     matches a file.  For example, when TYPE is ‘binary’ the pattern
+     ‘q$’ might match ‘q’ immediately followed by a null byte, even
+     though this is not matched when TYPE is ‘text’.  Conversely, when
+     TYPE is ‘binary’ the pattern ‘.’ (period) might not match a null
+     byte.
+
+     _Warning:_ The ‘-a’ (‘--binary-files=text’) option might output
+     binary garbage, which can have nasty side effects if the output is
+     a terminal and if the terminal driver interprets some of it as
+     commands.  On the other hand, when reading files whose text
+     encodings are unknown, it can be helpful to use ‘-a’ or to set
+     ‘LC_ALL='C'’ in the environment, in order to find more matches even
+     if the matches are unsafe for direct display.
+
+‘-D ACTION’
+‘--devices=ACTION’
+     If an input file is a device, FIFO, or socket, use ACTION to
+     process it.  If ACTION is ‘read’, all devices are read just as if
+     they were ordinary files.  If ACTION is ‘skip’, devices, FIFOs, and
+     sockets are silently skipped.  By default, devices are read if they
+     are on the command line or if the ‘-R’ (‘--dereference-recursive’)
+     option is used, and are skipped if they are encountered recursively
+     and the ‘-r’ (‘--recursive’) option is used.  This option has no
+     effect on a file that is read via standard input.
+
+‘-d ACTION’
+‘--directories=ACTION’
+     If an input file is a directory, use ACTION to process it.  By
+     default, ACTION is ‘read’, which means that directories are read
+     just as if they were ordinary files (some operating systems and
+     file systems disallow this, and will cause ‘grep’ to print error
+     messages for every directory or silently skip them).  If ACTION is
+     ‘skip’, directories are silently skipped.  If ACTION is ‘recurse’,
+     ‘grep’ reads all files under each directory, recursively, following
+     command-line symbolic links and skipping other symlinks; this is
+     equivalent to the ‘-r’ option.
+
+‘--exclude=GLOB’
+     Skip any command-line file with a name suffix that matches the
+     pattern GLOB, using wildcard matching; a name suffix is either the
+     whole name, or any suffix starting after a ‘/’ and before a
+     non-‘/’.  When searching recursively, skip any subfile whose base
+     name matches GLOB; the base name is the part after the last ‘/’.  A
+     pattern can use ‘*’, ‘?’, and ‘[’...‘]’  as wildcards, and ‘\’ to
+     quote a wildcard or backslash character literally.
+
+‘--exclude-from=FILE’
+     Skip files whose name matches any of the patterns read from FILE
+     (using wildcard matching as described under ‘--exclude’).
+
+‘--exclude-dir=GLOB’
+     Skip any command-line directory with a name suffix that matches the
+     pattern GLOB.  When searching recursively, skip any subdirectory
+     whose base name matches GLOB.  Ignore any redundant trailing
+     slashes in GLOB.
+
+‘-I’
+     Process a binary file as if it did not contain matching data; this
+     is equivalent to the ‘--binary-files=without-match’ option.
+
+‘--include=GLOB’
+     Search only files whose name matches GLOB, using wildcard matching
+     as described under ‘--exclude’.
+
+‘-r’
+‘--recursive’
+     For each directory operand, read and process all files in that
+     directory, recursively.  Follow symbolic links on the command line,
+     but skip symlinks that are encountered recursively.  Note that if
+     no file operand is given, grep searches the working directory.
+     This is the same as the ‘--directories=recurse’ option.
+
+‘-R’
+‘--dereference-recursive’
+     For each directory operand, read and process all files in that
+     directory, recursively, following all symbolic links.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Other Options,  Prev: File and Directory Selection,  Up: Command-line Options
+
+2.1.7 Other Options
+-------------------
+
+‘--line-buffered’
+     Use line buffering on output.  This can cause a performance
+     penalty.
+
+‘-U’
+‘--binary’
+     Treat the file(s) as binary.  By default, under MS-DOS and
+     MS-Windows, ‘grep’ guesses whether a file is text or binary as
+     described for the ‘--binary-files’ option.  If ‘grep’ decides the
+     file is a text file, it strips carriage returns from the original
+     file contents (to make regular expressions with ‘^’ and ‘$’ work
+     correctly).  Specifying ‘-U’ overrules this guesswork, causing all
+     files to be read and passed to the matching mechanism verbatim; if
+     the file is a text file with ‘CR/LF’ pairs at the end of each line,
+     this will cause some regular expressions to fail.  This option has
+     no effect on platforms other than MS-DOS and MS-Windows.
+
+‘-z’
+‘--null-data’
+     Treat input and output data as sequences of lines, each terminated
+     by a zero byte (the ASCII NUL character) instead of a newline.
+     Like the ‘-Z’ or ‘--null’ option, this option can be used with
+     commands like ‘sort -z’ to process arbitrary file names.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Environment Variables,  Next: Exit Status,  Prev: Command-line Options,  Up: Invoking
+
+2.2 Environment Variables
+=========================
+
+The behavior of ‘grep’ is affected by the following environment
+variables.
+
+   The locale for category ‘LC_FOO’ is specified by examining the three
+environment variables ‘LC_ALL’, ‘LC_FOO’, and ‘LANG’, in that order.
+The first of these variables that is set specifies the locale.  For
+example, if ‘LC_ALL’ is not set, but ‘LC_COLLATE’ is set to ‘pt_BR’,
+then the Brazilian Portuguese locale is used for the ‘LC_COLLATE’
+category.  As a special case for ‘LC_MESSAGES’ only, the environment
+variable ‘LANGUAGE’ can contain a colon-separated list of languages that
+overrides the three environment variables that ordinarily specify the
+‘LC_MESSAGES’ category.  The ‘C’ locale is used if none of these
+environment variables are set, if the locale catalog is not installed,
+or if ‘grep’ was not compiled with national language support (NLS). The
+shell command ‘locale -a’ lists locales that are currently available.
+
+   Many of the environment variables in the following list let you
+control highlighting using Select Graphic Rendition (SGR) commands
+interpreted by the terminal or terminal emulator.  (See the section in
+the documentation of your text terminal for permitted values and their
+meanings as character attributes.)  These substring values are integers
+in decimal representation and can be concatenated with semicolons.
+‘grep’ takes care of assembling the result into a complete SGR sequence
+(‘\33[’...‘m’).  Common values to concatenate include ‘1’ for bold, ‘4’
+for underline, ‘5’ for blink, ‘7’ for inverse, ‘39’ for default
+foreground color, ‘30’ to ‘37’ for foreground colors, ‘90’ to ‘97’ for
+16-color mode foreground colors, ‘38;5;0’ to ‘38;5;255’ for 88-color and
+256-color modes foreground colors, ‘49’ for default background color,
+‘40’ to ‘47’ for background colors, ‘100’ to ‘107’ for 16-color mode
+background colors, and ‘48;5;0’ to ‘48;5;255’ for 88-color and 256-color
+modes background colors.
+
+   The two-letter names used in the ‘GREP_COLORS’ environment variable
+(and some of the others) refer to terminal “capabilities,” the ability
+of a terminal to highlight text, or change its color, and so on.  These
+capabilities are stored in an online database and accessed by the
+‘terminfo’ library.
+
+‘GREP_OPTIONS’
+     This variable specifies default options to be placed in front of
+     any explicit options.  As this causes problems when writing
+     portable scripts, this feature will be removed in a future release
+     of ‘grep’, and ‘grep’ warns if it is used.  Please use an alias or
+     script instead.  For example, if ‘grep’ is in the directory
+     ‘/usr/bin’ you can prepend ‘$HOME/bin’ to your ‘PATH’ and create an
+     executable script ‘$HOME/bin/grep’ containing the following:
+
+          #! /bin/sh
+          export PATH=/usr/bin
+          exec grep --color=auto --devices=skip "$@"
+
+‘GREP_COLOR’
+     This variable specifies the color used to highlight matched
+     (non-empty) text.  It is deprecated in favor of ‘GREP_COLORS’, but
+     still supported.  The ‘mt’, ‘ms’, and ‘mc’ capabilities of
+     ‘GREP_COLORS’ have priority over it.  It can only specify the color
+     used to highlight the matching non-empty text in any matching line
+     (a selected line when the ‘-v’ command-line option is omitted, or a
+     context line when ‘-v’ is specified).  The default is ‘01;31’,
+     which means a bold red foreground text on the terminal’s default
+     background.
+
+‘GREP_COLORS’
+     This variable specifies the colors and other attributes used to
+     highlight various parts of the output.  Its value is a
+     colon-separated list of ‘terminfo’ capabilities that defaults to
+     ‘ms=01;31:mc=01;31:sl=:cx=:fn=35:ln=32:bn=32:se=36’ with the ‘rv’
+     and ‘ne’ boolean capabilities omitted (i.e., false).  Supported
+     capabilities are as follows.
+
+     ‘sl=’
+          SGR substring for whole selected lines (i.e., matching lines
+          when the ‘-v’ command-line option is omitted, or non-matching
+          lines when ‘-v’ is specified).  If however the boolean ‘rv’
+          capability and the ‘-v’ command-line option are both
+          specified, it applies to context matching lines instead.  The
+          default is empty (i.e., the terminal’s default color pair).
+
+     ‘cx=’
+          SGR substring for whole context lines (i.e., non-matching
+          lines when the ‘-v’ command-line option is omitted, or
+          matching lines when ‘-v’ is specified).  If however the
+          boolean ‘rv’ capability and the ‘-v’ command-line option are
+          both specified, it applies to selected non-matching lines
+          instead.  The default is empty (i.e., the terminal’s default
+          color pair).
+
+     ‘rv’
+          Boolean value that reverses (swaps) the meanings of the ‘sl=’
+          and ‘cx=’ capabilities when the ‘-v’ command-line option is
+          specified.  The default is false (i.e., the capability is
+          omitted).
+
+     ‘mt=01;31’
+          SGR substring for matching non-empty text in any matching line
+          (i.e., a selected line when the ‘-v’ command-line option is
+          omitted, or a context line when ‘-v’ is specified).  Setting
+          this is equivalent to setting both ‘ms=’ and ‘mc=’ at once to
+          the same value.  The default is a bold red text foreground
+          over the current line background.
+
+     ‘ms=01;31’
+          SGR substring for matching non-empty text in a selected line.
+          (This is used only when the ‘-v’ command-line option is
+          omitted.)  The effect of the ‘sl=’ (or ‘cx=’ if ‘rv’)
+          capability remains active when this takes effect.  The default
+          is a bold red text foreground over the current line
+          background.
+
+     ‘mc=01;31’
+          SGR substring for matching non-empty text in a context line.
+          (This is used only when the ‘-v’ command-line option is
+          specified.)  The effect of the ‘cx=’ (or ‘sl=’ if ‘rv’)
+          capability remains active when this takes effect.  The default
+          is a bold red text foreground over the current line
+          background.
+
+     ‘fn=35’
+          SGR substring for file names prefixing any content line.  The
+          default is a magenta text foreground over the terminal’s
+          default background.
+
+     ‘ln=32’
+          SGR substring for line numbers prefixing any content line.
+          The default is a green text foreground over the terminal’s
+          default background.
+
+     ‘bn=32’
+          SGR substring for byte offsets prefixing any content line.
+          The default is a green text foreground over the terminal’s
+          default background.
+
+     ‘se=36’
+          SGR substring for separators that are inserted between
+          selected line fields (‘:’), between context line fields (‘-’),
+          and between groups of adjacent lines when nonzero context is
+          specified (‘--’).  The default is a cyan text foreground over
+          the terminal’s default background.
+
+     ‘ne’
+          Boolean value that prevents clearing to the end of line using
+          Erase in Line (EL) to Right (‘\33[K’) each time a colorized
+          item ends.  This is needed on terminals on which EL is not
+          supported.  It is otherwise useful on terminals for which the
+          ‘back_color_erase’ (‘bce’) boolean ‘terminfo’ capability does
+          not apply, when the chosen highlight colors do not affect the
+          background, or when EL is too slow or causes too much flicker.
+          The default is false (i.e., the capability is omitted).
+
+     Note that boolean capabilities have no ‘=’...  part.  They are
+     omitted (i.e., false) by default and become true when specified.
+
+‘LC_ALL’
+‘LC_COLLATE’
+‘LANG’
+     These variables specify the locale for the ‘LC_COLLATE’ category,
+     which might affect how range expressions like ‘[a-z]’ are
+     interpreted.
+
+‘LC_ALL’
+‘LC_CTYPE’
+‘LANG’
+     These variables specify the locale for the ‘LC_CTYPE’ category,
+     which determines the type of characters, e.g., which characters are
+     whitespace.  This category also determines the character encoding,
+     that is, whether text is encoded in UTF-8, ASCII, or some other
+     encoding.  In the ‘C’ or ‘POSIX’ locale, all characters are encoded
+     as a single byte and every byte is a valid character.
+
+‘LANGUAGE’
+‘LC_ALL’
+‘LC_MESSAGES’
+‘LANG’
+     These variables specify the locale for the ‘LC_MESSAGES’ category,
+     which determines the language that ‘grep’ uses for messages.  The
+     default ‘C’ locale uses American English messages.
+
+‘POSIXLY_CORRECT’
+     If set, ‘grep’ behaves as POSIX requires; otherwise, ‘grep’ behaves
+     more like other GNU programs.  POSIX requires that options that
+     follow file names must be treated as file names; by default, such
+     options are permuted to the front of the operand list and are
+     treated as options.  Also, ‘POSIXLY_CORRECT’ disables special
+     handling of an invalid bracket expression.  *Note
+     invalid-bracket-expr::.
+
+‘_N_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_’
+     (Here ‘N’ is ‘grep’’s numeric process ID.) If the Ith character of
+     this environment variable’s value is ‘1’, do not consider the Ith
+     operand of ‘grep’ to be an option, even if it appears to be one.  A
+     shell can put this variable in the environment for each command it
+     runs, specifying which operands are the results of file name
+     wildcard expansion and therefore should not be treated as options.
+     This behavior is available only with the GNU C library, and only
+     when ‘POSIXLY_CORRECT’ is not set.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Exit Status,  Next: grep Programs,  Prev: Environment Variables,  Up: Invoking
+
+2.3 Exit Status
+===============
+
+Normally the exit status is 0 if a line is selected, 1 if no lines were
+selected, and 2 if an error occurred.  However, if the ‘-q’ or ‘--quiet’
+or ‘--silent’ option is used and a line is selected, the exit status is
+0 even if an error occurred.  Other ‘grep’ implementations may exit with
+status greater than 2 on error.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: grep Programs,  Prev: Exit Status,  Up: Invoking
+
+2.4 ‘grep’ Programs
+===================
+
+‘grep’ searches the named input files for lines containing a match to
+the given pattern.  By default, ‘grep’ prints the matching lines.  A
+file named ‘-’ stands for standard input.  If no input is specified,
+‘grep’ searches the working directory ‘.’ if given a command-line option
+specifying recursion; otherwise, ‘grep’ searches standard input.  There
+are four major variants of ‘grep’, controlled by the following options.
+
+‘-G’
+‘--basic-regexp’
+     Interpret the pattern as a basic regular expression (BRE). This is
+     the default.
+
+‘-E’
+‘--extended-regexp’
+     Interpret the pattern as an extended regular expression (ERE).
+     (‘-E’ is specified by POSIX.)
+
+‘-F’
+‘--fixed-strings’
+     Interpret the pattern as a list of fixed strings (instead of
+     regular expressions), separated by newlines, any of which is to be
+     matched.  (‘-F’ is specified by POSIX.)
+
+‘-P’
+‘--perl-regexp’
+     Interpret the pattern as a Perl-compatible regular expression
+     (PCRE). This is highly experimental and ‘grep -P’ may warn of
+     unimplemented features.
+
+   In addition, two variant programs ‘egrep’ and ‘fgrep’ are available.
+‘egrep’ is the same as ‘grep -E’.  ‘fgrep’ is the same as ‘grep -F’.
+Direct invocation as either ‘egrep’ or ‘fgrep’ is deprecated, but is
+provided to allow historical applications that rely on them to run
+unmodified.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Regular Expressions,  Next: Usage,  Prev: Invoking,  Up: Top
+
+3 Regular Expressions
+*********************
+
+A “regular expression” is a pattern that describes a set of strings.
+Regular expressions are constructed analogously to arithmetic
+expressions, by using various operators to combine smaller expressions.
+‘grep’ understands three different versions of regular expression
+syntax: “basic” (BRE), “extended” (ERE) and “perl” (PCRE). In GNU
+‘grep’, there is no difference in available functionality between the
+basic and extended syntaxes.  In other implementations, basic regular
+expressions are less powerful.  The following description applies to
+extended regular expressions; differences for basic regular expressions
+are summarized afterwards.  Perl-compatible regular expressions give
+additional functionality, and are documented in the pcresyntax(3) and
+pcrepattern(3) manual pages, but work only if PCRE is available in the
+system.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Fundamental Structure::
+* Character Classes and Bracket Expressions::
+* The Backslash Character and Special Expressions::
+* Anchoring::
+* Back-references and Subexpressions::
+* Basic vs Extended::
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Fundamental Structure,  Next: Character Classes and Bracket Expressions,  Up: Regular Expressions
+
+3.1 Fundamental Structure
+=========================
+
+The fundamental building blocks are the regular expressions that match a
+single character.  Most characters, including all letters and digits,
+are regular expressions that match themselves.  Any meta-character with
+special meaning may be quoted by preceding it with a backslash.
+
+   A regular expression may be followed by one of several repetition
+operators:
+
+‘.’
+     The period ‘.’ matches any single character.
+
+‘?’
+     The preceding item is optional and will be matched at most once.
+
+‘*’
+     The preceding item will be matched zero or more times.
+
+‘+’
+     The preceding item will be matched one or more times.
+
+‘{N}’
+     The preceding item is matched exactly N times.
+
+‘{N,}’
+     The preceding item is matched N or more times.
+
+‘{,M}’
+     The preceding item is matched at most M times.  This is a GNU
+     extension.
+
+‘{N,M}’
+     The preceding item is matched at least N times, but not more than M
+     times.
+
+   The empty regular expression matches the empty string.  Two regular
+expressions may be concatenated; the resulting regular expression
+matches any string formed by concatenating two substrings that
+respectively match the concatenated expressions.
+
+   Two regular expressions may be joined by the infix operator ‘|’; the
+resulting regular expression matches any string matching either
+alternate expression.
+
+   Repetition takes precedence over concatenation, which in turn takes
+precedence over alternation.  A whole expression may be enclosed in
+parentheses to override these precedence rules and form a subexpression.
+An unmatched ‘)’ matches just itself.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Character Classes and Bracket Expressions,  Next: The Backslash Character and Special Expressions,  Prev: Fundamental Structure,  Up: Regular Expressions
+
+3.2 Character Classes and Bracket Expressions
+=============================================
+
+A “bracket expression” is a list of characters enclosed by ‘[’ and ‘]’.
+It matches any single character in that list; if the first character of
+the list is the caret ‘^’, then it matches any character *not* in the
+list.  For example, the regular expression ‘[0123456789]’ matches any
+single digit.
+
+   Within a bracket expression, a “range expression” consists of two
+characters separated by a hyphen.  It matches any single character that
+sorts between the two characters, inclusive.  In the default C locale,
+the sorting sequence is the native character order; for example, ‘[a-d]’
+is equivalent to ‘[abcd]’.  In other locales, the sorting sequence is
+not specified, and ‘[a-d]’ might be equivalent to ‘[abcd]’ or to
+‘[aBbCcDd]’, or it might fail to match any character, or the set of
+characters that it matches might even be erratic.  To obtain the
+traditional interpretation of bracket expressions, you can use the ‘C’
+locale by setting the ‘LC_ALL’ environment variable to the value ‘C’.
+
+   Finally, certain named classes of characters are predefined within
+bracket expressions, as follows.  Their interpretation depends on the
+‘LC_CTYPE’ locale; for example, ‘[[:alnum:]]’ means the character class
+of numbers and letters in the current locale.
+
+‘[:alnum:]’
+     Alphanumeric characters: ‘[:alpha:]’ and ‘[:digit:]’; in the ‘C’
+     locale and ASCII character encoding, this is the same as
+     ‘[0-9A-Za-z]’.
+
+‘[:alpha:]’
+     Alphabetic characters: ‘[:lower:]’ and ‘[:upper:]’; in the ‘C’
+     locale and ASCII character encoding, this is the same as
+     ‘[A-Za-z]’.
+
+‘[:blank:]’
+     Blank characters: space and tab.
+
+‘[:cntrl:]’
+     Control characters.  In ASCII, these characters have octal codes
+     000 through 037, and 177 (DEL). In other character sets, these are
+     the equivalent characters, if any.
+
+‘[:digit:]’
+     Digits: ‘0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9’.
+
+‘[:graph:]’
+     Graphical characters: ‘[:alnum:]’ and ‘[:punct:]’.
+
+‘[:lower:]’
+     Lower-case letters; in the ‘C’ locale and ASCII character encoding,
+     this is ‘a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z’.
+
+‘[:print:]’
+     Printable characters: ‘[:alnum:]’, ‘[:punct:]’, and space.
+
+‘[:punct:]’
+     Punctuation characters; in the ‘C’ locale and ASCII character
+     encoding, this is ‘! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / : ; < = > ? @ [ \
+     ] ^ _ ` { | } ~’.
+
+‘[:space:]’
+     Space characters: in the ‘C’ locale, this is tab, newline, vertical
+     tab, form feed, carriage return, and space.  *Note Usage::, for
+     more discussion of matching newlines.
+
+‘[:upper:]’
+     Upper-case letters: in the ‘C’ locale and ASCII character encoding,
+     this is ‘A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z’.
+
+‘[:xdigit:]’
+     Hexadecimal digits: ‘0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F a b c d e f’.
+
+   Note that the brackets in these class names are part of the symbolic
+names, and must be included in addition to the brackets delimiting the
+bracket expression.
+
+   If you mistakenly omit the outer brackets, and search for say,
+‘[:upper:]’, GNU ‘grep’ prints a diagnostic and exits with status 2, on
+the assumption that you did not intend to search for the nominally
+equivalent regular expression: ‘[:epru]’.  Set the ‘POSIXLY_CORRECT’
+environment variable to disable this feature.
+
+   Most meta-characters lose their special meaning inside bracket
+expressions.
+
+‘]’
+     ends the bracket expression if it’s not the first list item.  So,
+     if you want to make the ‘]’ character a list item, you must put it
+     first.
+
+‘[.’
+     represents the open collating symbol.
+
+‘.]’
+     represents the close collating symbol.
+
+‘[=’
+     represents the open equivalence class.
+
+‘=]’
+     represents the close equivalence class.
+
+‘[:’
+     represents the open character class symbol, and should be followed
+     by a valid character class name.
+
+‘:]’
+     represents the close character class symbol.
+
+‘-’
+     represents the range if it’s not first or last in a list or the
+     ending point of a range.
+
+‘^’
+     represents the characters not in the list.  If you want to make the
+     ‘^’ character a list item, place it anywhere but first.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: The Backslash Character and Special Expressions,  Next: Anchoring,  Prev: Character Classes and Bracket Expressions,  Up: Regular Expressions
+
+3.3 The Backslash Character and Special Expressions
+===================================================
+
+The ‘\’ character, when followed by certain ordinary characters, takes a
+special meaning:
+
+‘\b’
+     Match the empty string at the edge of a word.
+
+‘\B’
+     Match the empty string provided it’s not at the edge of a word.
+
+‘\<’
+     Match the empty string at the beginning of word.
+
+‘\>’
+     Match the empty string at the end of word.
+
+‘\w’
+     Match word constituent, it is a synonym for ‘[_[:alnum:]]’.
+
+‘\W’
+     Match non-word constituent, it is a synonym for ‘[^_[:alnum:]]’.
+
+‘\s’
+     Match whitespace, it is a synonym for ‘[[:space:]]’.
+
+‘\S’
+     Match non-whitespace, it is a synonym for ‘[^[:space:]]’.
+
+   For example, ‘\brat\b’ matches the separate word ‘rat’, ‘\Brat\B’
+matches ‘crate’ but not ‘furry rat’.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Anchoring,  Next: Back-references and Subexpressions,  Prev: The Backslash Character and Special Expressions,  Up: Regular Expressions
+
+3.4 Anchoring
+=============
+
+The caret ‘^’ and the dollar sign ‘$’ are meta-characters that
+respectively match the empty string at the beginning and end of a line.
+They are termed “anchors”, since they force the match to be “anchored”
+to beginning or end of a line, respectively.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Back-references and Subexpressions,  Next: Basic vs Extended,  Prev: Anchoring,  Up: Regular Expressions
+
+3.5 Back-references and Subexpressions
+======================================
+
+The back-reference ‘\N’, where N is a single digit, matches the
+substring previously matched by the Nth parenthesized subexpression of
+the regular expression.  For example, ‘(a)\1’ matches ‘aa’.  When used
+with alternation, if the group does not participate in the match then
+the back-reference makes the whole match fail.  For example, ‘a(.)|b\1’
+will not match ‘ba’.  When multiple regular expressions are given with
+‘-e’ or from a file (‘-f FILE’), back-references are local to each
+expression.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Basic vs Extended,  Prev: Back-references and Subexpressions,  Up: Regular Expressions
+
+3.6 Basic vs Extended Regular Expressions
+=========================================
+
+In basic regular expressions the meta-characters ‘?’, ‘+’, ‘{’, ‘|’,
+‘(’, and ‘)’ lose their special meaning; instead use the backslashed
+versions ‘\?’, ‘\+’, ‘\{’, ‘\|’, ‘\(’, and ‘\)’.
+
+   Traditional ‘egrep’ did not support the ‘{’ meta-character, and some
+‘egrep’ implementations support ‘\{’ instead, so portable scripts should
+avoid ‘{’ in ‘grep -E’ patterns and should use ‘[{]’ to match a literal
+‘{’.
+
+   GNU ‘grep -E’ attempts to support traditional usage by assuming that
+‘{’ is not special if it would be the start of an invalid interval
+specification.  For example, the command ‘grep -E '{1'’ searches for the
+two-character string ‘{1’ instead of reporting a syntax error in the
+regular expression.  POSIX allows this behavior as an extension, but
+portable scripts should avoid it.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Usage,  Next: Reporting Bugs,  Prev: Regular Expressions,  Up: Top
+
+4 Usage
+*******
+
+Here is an example command that invokes GNU ‘grep’:
+
+     grep -i 'hello.*world' menu.h main.c
+
+This lists all lines in the files ‘menu.h’ and ‘main.c’ that contain the
+string ‘hello’ followed by the string ‘world’; this is because ‘.*’
+matches zero or more characters within a line.  *Note Regular
+Expressions::.  The ‘-i’ option causes ‘grep’ to ignore case, causing it
+to match the line ‘Hello, world!’, which it would not otherwise match.
+*Note Invoking::, for more details about how to invoke ‘grep’.
+
+   Here are some common questions and answers about ‘grep’ usage.
+
+  1. How can I list just the names of matching files?
+
+          grep -l 'main' *.c
+
+     lists the names of all C files in the current directory whose
+     contents mention ‘main’.
+
+  2. How do I search directories recursively?
+
+          grep -r 'hello' /home/gigi
+
+     searches for ‘hello’ in all files under the ‘/home/gigi’ directory.
+     For more control over which files are searched, use ‘find’, ‘grep’,
+     and ‘xargs’.  For example, the following command searches only C
+     files:
+
+          find /home/gigi -name '*.c' -print0 | xargs -0r grep -H 'hello'
+
+     This differs from the command:
+
+          grep -H 'hello' *.c
+
+     which merely looks for ‘hello’ in all files in the current
+     directory whose names end in ‘.c’.  The ‘find ...’ command line
+     above is more similar to the command:
+
+          grep -rH --include='*.c' 'hello' /home/gigi
+
+  3. What if a pattern has a leading ‘-’?
+
+          grep -e '--cut here--' *
+
+     searches for all lines matching ‘--cut here--’.  Without ‘-e’,
+     ‘grep’ would attempt to parse ‘--cut here--’ as a list of options.
+
+  4. Suppose I want to search for a whole word, not a part of a word?
+
+          grep -w 'hello' *
+
+     searches only for instances of ‘hello’ that are entire words; it
+     does not match ‘Othello’.  For more control, use ‘\<’ and ‘\>’ to
+     match the start and end of words.  For example:
+
+          grep 'hello\>' *
+
+     searches only for words ending in ‘hello’, so it matches the word
+     ‘Othello’.
+
+  5. How do I output context around the matching lines?
+
+          grep -C 2 'hello' *
+
+     prints two lines of context around each matching line.
+
+  6. How do I force ‘grep’ to print the name of the file?
+
+     Append ‘/dev/null’:
+
+          grep 'eli' /etc/passwd /dev/null
+
+     gets you:
+
+          /etc/passwd:eli:x:2098:1000:Eli Smith:/home/eli:/bin/bash
+
+     Alternatively, use ‘-H’, which is a GNU extension:
+
+          grep -H 'eli' /etc/passwd
+
+  7. Why do people use strange regular expressions on ‘ps’ output?
+
+          ps -ef | grep '[c]ron'
+
+     If the pattern had been written without the square brackets, it
+     would have matched not only the ‘ps’ output line for ‘cron’, but
+     also the ‘ps’ output line for ‘grep’.  Note that on some platforms,
+     ‘ps’ limits the output to the width of the screen; ‘grep’ does not
+     have any limit on the length of a line except the available memory.
+
+  8. Why does ‘grep’ report “Binary file matches”?
+
+     If ‘grep’ listed all matching “lines” from a binary file, it would
+     probably generate output that is not useful, and it might even muck
+     up your display.  So GNU ‘grep’ suppresses output from files that
+     appear to be binary files.  To force GNU ‘grep’ to output lines
+     even from files that appear to be binary, use the ‘-a’ or
+     ‘--binary-files=text’ option.  To eliminate the “Binary file
+     matches” messages, use the ‘-I’ or ‘--binary-files=without-match’
+     option.
+
+  9. Why doesn’t ‘grep -lv’ print non-matching file names?
+
+     ‘grep -lv’ lists the names of all files containing one or more
+     lines that do not match.  To list the names of all files that
+     contain no matching lines, use the ‘-L’ or ‘--files-without-match’
+     option.
+
+  10. I can do “OR” with ‘|’, but what about “AND”?
+
+          grep 'paul' /etc/motd | grep 'franc,ois'
+
+     finds all lines that contain both ‘paul’ and ‘franc,ois’.
+
+  11. Why does the empty pattern match every input line?
+
+     The ‘grep’ command searches for lines that contain strings that
+     match a pattern.  Every line contains the empty string, so an empty
+     pattern causes ‘grep’ to find a match on each line.  It is not the
+     only such pattern: ‘^’, ‘$’, ‘.*’, and many other patterns cause
+     ‘grep’ to match every line.
+
+     To match empty lines, use the pattern ‘^$’.  To match blank lines,
+     use the pattern ‘^[[:blank:]]*$’.  To match no lines at all, use
+     the command ‘grep -f /dev/null’.
+
+  12. How can I search in both standard input and in files?
+
+     Use the special file name ‘-’:
+
+          cat /etc/passwd | grep 'alain' - /etc/motd
+
+  13. How to express palindromes in a regular expression?
+
+     It can be done by using back-references; for example, a palindrome
+     of 4 characters can be written with a BRE:
+
+          grep -w -e '\(.\)\(.\).\2\1' file
+
+     It matches the word “radar” or “civic.”
+
+     Guglielmo Bondioni proposed a single RE that finds all palindromes
+     up to 19 characters long using 9 subexpressions and
+     9 back-references:
+
+          grep -E -e '^(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?).?\9\8\7\6\5\4\3\2\1$' file
+
+     Note this is done by using GNU ERE extensions; it might not be
+     portable to other implementations of ‘grep’.
+
+  14. Why is this back-reference failing?
+
+          echo 'ba' | grep -E '(a)\1|b\1'
+
+     This gives no output, because the first alternate ‘(a)\1’ does not
+     match, as there is no ‘aa’ in the input, so the ‘\1’ in the second
+     alternate has nothing to refer back to, meaning it will never match
+     anything.  (The second alternate in this example can only match if
+     the first alternate has matched—making the second one superfluous.)
+
+  15. How can I match across lines?
+
+     Standard grep cannot do this, as it is fundamentally line-based.
+     Therefore, merely using the ‘[:space:]’ character class does not
+     match newlines in the way you might expect.
+
+     With the GNU ‘grep’ option ‘-z’ (‘--null-data’), each input “line”
+     is terminated by a null byte; *note Other Options::.  Thus, you can
+     match newlines in the input, but typically if there is a match the
+     entire input is output, so this usage is often combined with
+     output-suppressing options like ‘-q’, e.g.:
+
+          printf 'foo\nbar\n' | grep -z -q 'foo[[:space:]]\+bar'
+
+     If this does not suffice, you can transform the input before giving
+     it to ‘grep’, or turn to ‘awk’, ‘sed’, ‘perl’, or many other
+     utilities that are designed to operate across lines.
+
+  16. What do ‘grep’, ‘fgrep’, and ‘egrep’ stand for?
+
+     The name ‘grep’ comes from the way line editing was done on Unix.
+     For example, ‘ed’ uses the following syntax to print a list of
+     matching lines on the screen:
+
+          global/regular expression/print
+          g/re/p
+
+     ‘fgrep’ stands for Fixed ‘grep’; ‘egrep’ stands for Extended
+     ‘grep’.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Reporting Bugs,  Next: Copying,  Prev: Usage,  Up: Top
+
+5 Reporting bugs
+****************
+
+Bug reports can be found at the GNU bug report logs for ‘grep’
+(http://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi/pkgreport.cgi?package=grep).  If you find a
+bug not listed there, please email it to <bug-grep@gnu.org> to create a
+new bug report.
+
+5.1 Known Bugs
+==============
+
+Large repetition counts in the ‘{n,m}’ construct may cause ‘grep’ to use
+lots of memory.  In addition, certain other obscure regular expressions
+require exponential time and space, and may cause ‘grep’ to run out of
+memory.
+
+   Back-references are very slow, and may require exponential time.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Copying,  Next: Index,  Prev: Reporting Bugs,  Up: Top
+
+6 Copying
+*********
+
+GNU ‘grep’ is licensed under the GNU GPL, which makes it “free
+software”.
+
+   The “free” in “free software” refers to liberty, not price.  As some
+GNU project advocates like to point out, think of “free speech” rather
+than “free beer”.  In short, you have the right (freedom) to run and
+change ‘grep’ and distribute it to other people, and—if you want—charge
+money for doing either.  The important restriction is that you have to
+grant your recipients the same rights and impose the same restrictions.
+
+   This general method of licensing software is sometimes called “open
+source”.  The GNU project prefers the term “free software” for reasons
+outlined at
+<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html>.
+
+   This manual is free documentation in the same sense.  The
+documentation license is included below.  The license for the program is
+available with the source code, or at
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* GNU Free Documentation License::
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: GNU Free Documentation License,  Up: Copying
+
+6.1 GNU Free Documentation License
+==================================
+
+                     Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
+
+     Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+     <http://fsf.org/>
+
+     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+  0. PREAMBLE
+
+     The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
+     functional and useful document “free” in the sense of freedom: to
+     assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
+     with or without modifying it, either commercially or
+     noncommercially.  Secondarily, this License preserves for the
+     author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
+     being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
+
+     This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative
+     works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
+     It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
+     license designed for free software.
+
+     We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
+     free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
+     free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
+     that the software does.  But this License is not limited to
+     software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
+     of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book.  We
+     recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
+     instruction or reference.
+
+  1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
+
+     This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
+     that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can
+     be distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice
+     grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
+     to use that work under the conditions stated herein.  The
+     “Document”, below, refers to any such manual or work.  Any member
+     of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as “you”.  You accept
+     the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way
+     requiring permission under copyright law.
+
+     A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the
+     Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
+     modifications and/or translated into another language.
+
+     A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section
+     of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
+     publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall
+     subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could
+     fall directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document
+     is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not
+     explain any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of
+     historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or
+     of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
+     regarding them.
+
+     The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose
+     titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
+     notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
+     If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it
+     is not allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may
+     contain zero Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify
+     any Invariant Sections then there are none.
+
+     The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are
+     listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice
+     that says that the Document is released under this License.  A
+     Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
+     be at most 25 words.
+
+     A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
+     represented in a format whose specification is available to the
+     general public, that is suitable for revising the document
+     straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed
+     of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
+     available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
+     formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats
+     suitable for input to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise
+     Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has
+     been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by
+     readers is not Transparent.  An image format is not Transparent if
+     used for any substantial amount of text.  A copy that is not
+     “Transparent” is called “Opaque”.
+
+     Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
+     ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format,
+     SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming
+     simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.
+     Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.
+     Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and
+     edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which
+     the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and
+     the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
+     processors for output purposes only.
+
+     The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
+     plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
+     material this License requires to appear in the title page.  For
+     works in formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title
+     Page” means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
+     work’s title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
+
+     The “publisher” means any person or entity that distributes copies
+     of the Document to the public.
+
+     A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document
+     whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
+     following text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ
+     stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
+     “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, “Endorsements”, or “History”.)
+     To “Preserve the Title” of such a section when you modify the
+     Document means that it remains a section “Entitled XYZ” according
+     to this definition.
+
+     The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
+     which states that this License applies to the Document.  These
+     Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
+     this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
+     implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and
+     has no effect on the meaning of this License.
+
+  2. VERBATIM COPYING
+
+     You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
+     commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
+     copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
+     applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you
+     add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You
+     may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
+     or further copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However,
+     you may accept compensation in exchange for copies.  If you
+     distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
+     conditions in section 3.
+
+     You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
+     and you may publicly display copies.
+
+  3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
+
+     If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
+     have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and
+     the Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
+     enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
+     these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
+     Back-Cover Texts on the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly
+     and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies.  The
+     front cover must present the full title with all words of the title
+     equally prominent and visible.  You may add other material on the
+     covers in addition.  Copying with changes limited to the covers, as
+     long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these
+     conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
+
+     If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
+     legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
+     reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
+     adjacent pages.
+
+     If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
+     numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
+     Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with
+     each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
+     network-using public has access to download using public-standard
+     network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free
+     of added material.  If you use the latter option, you must take
+     reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
+     copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
+     remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
+     year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
+     through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
+
+     It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
+     the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies,
+     to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
+     Document.
+
+  4. MODIFICATIONS
+
+     You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
+     under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
+     release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
+     Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
+     distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
+     possesses a copy of it.  In addition, you must do these things in
+     the Modified Version:
+
+       A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
+          distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
+          versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the
+          History section of the Document).  You may use the same title
+          as a previous version if the original publisher of that
+          version gives permission.
+
+       B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
+          entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
+          the Modified Version, together with at least five of the
+          principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
+          authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you
+          from this requirement.
+
+       C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
+          Modified Version, as the publisher.
+
+       D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
+
+       E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
+          adjacent to the other copyright notices.
+
+       F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
+          notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
+          Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in
+          the Addendum below.
+
+       G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
+          Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s
+          license notice.
+
+       H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
+
+       I. Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title,
+          and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
+          authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the
+          Title Page.  If there is no section Entitled “History” in the
+          Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
+          publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add
+          an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
+          previous sentence.
+
+       J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
+          for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
+          likewise the network locations given in the Document for
+          previous versions it was based on.  These may be placed in the
+          “History” section.  You may omit a network location for a work
+          that was published at least four years before the Document
+          itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers
+          to gives permission.
+
+       K. For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”,
+          Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
+          all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
+          acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
+
+       L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
+          in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers or the
+          equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
+
+       M. Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”.  Such a section
+          may not be included in the Modified Version.
+
+       N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
+          “Endorsements” or to conflict in title with any Invariant
+          Section.
+
+       O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
+
+     If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
+     appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
+     material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate
+     some or all of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their
+     titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s
+     license notice.  These titles must be distinct from any other
+     section titles.
+
+     You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains
+     nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
+     parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
+     been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of
+     a standard.
+
+     You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
+     and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of
+     the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage
+     of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
+     through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document
+     already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added
+     by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on
+     behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old
+     one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added
+     the old one.
+
+     The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
+     License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
+     assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
+
+  5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
+
+     You may combine the Document with other documents released under
+     this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
+     modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all
+     of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
+     unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
+     combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
+     their Warranty Disclaimers.
+
+     The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
+     multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
+     copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name
+     but different contents, make the title of each such section unique
+     by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
+     original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
+     unique number.  Make the same adjustment to the section titles in
+     the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
+     combined work.
+
+     In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
+     “History” in the various original documents, forming one section
+     Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled
+     “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled “Dedications”.  You
+     must delete all sections Entitled “Endorsements.”
+
+  6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
+
+     You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
+     documents released under this License, and replace the individual
+     copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
+     that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
+     rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents
+     in all other respects.
+
+     You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
+     distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
+     a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
+     License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
+     document.
+
+  7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
+
+     A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
+     separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
+     storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the
+     copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
+     legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual
+     works permit.  When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
+     License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
+     are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
+
+     If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
+     copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
+     of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed
+     on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
+     electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
+     form.  Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
+     the whole aggregate.
+
+  8. TRANSLATION
+
+     Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
+     distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
+     4.  Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
+     permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
+     translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
+     original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
+     translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
+     Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
+     include the original English version of this License and the
+     original versions of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a
+     disagreement between the translation and the original version of
+     this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
+     prevail.
+
+     If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”,
+     “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to
+     Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the
+     actual title.
+
+  9. TERMINATION
+
+     You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
+     except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
+     otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void,
+     and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
+
+     However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
+     license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
+     provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
+     finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the
+     copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some
+     reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
+
+     Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
+     reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
+     violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
+     received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from
+     that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days
+     after your receipt of the notice.
+
+     Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate
+     the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you
+     under this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not
+     permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the
+     same material does not give you any rights to use it.
+
+  10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
+
+     The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
+     the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
+     versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
+     differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
+     <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>.
+
+     Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
+     number.  If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
+     version of this License “or any later version” applies to it, you
+     have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
+     that specified version or of any later version that has been
+     published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the
+     Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may
+     choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
+     Software Foundation.  If the Document specifies that a proxy can
+     decide which future versions of this License can be used, that
+     proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
+     authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
+
+  11. RELICENSING
+
+     “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC Site”) means any
+     World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
+     provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works.  A
+     public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.
+     A “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration” (or “MMC”) contained in the
+     site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
+     site.
+
+     “CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
+     license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
+     corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
+     California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
+     published by that same organization.
+
+     “Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
+     in part, as part of another Document.
+
+     An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under this
+     License, and if all works that were first published under this
+     License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently
+     incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover
+     texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior
+     to November 1, 2008.
+
+     The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the
+     site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1,
+     2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
+
+ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
+====================================================
+
+To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
+the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
+notices just after the title page:
+
+       Copyright (C)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
+       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
+       or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
+       with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
+       Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
+       Free Documentation License''.
+
+   If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
+Texts, replace the “with…Texts.” line with this:
+
+         with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
+         the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
+         being LIST.
+
+   If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
+combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
+situation.
+
+   If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
+recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
+software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
+their use in free software.
+
+
+File: grep.info-t,  Node: Index,  Prev: Copying,  Up: Top
+
+Index
+*****
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* *:                                     Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* +:                                     Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* --after-context:                       Context Line Control.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* --basic-regexp:                        grep Programs.       (line  15)
+* --before-context:                      Context Line Control.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* --binary:                              Other Options.       (line  12)
+* --binary-files:                        File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* --byte-offset:                         Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* --color:                               General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* --colour:                              General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* --context:                             Context Line Control.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* --count:                               General Output Control.
+                                                              (line   8)
+* --dereference-recursive:               File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line 108)
+* --devices:                             File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* --directories:                         File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  61)
+* --exclude:                             File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  72)
+* --exclude-dir:                         File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  85)
+* --exclude-from:                        File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  81)
+* --extended-regexp:                     grep Programs.       (line  20)
+* --file:                                Matching Control.    (line  14)
+* --files-with-matches:                  General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* --files-without-match:                 General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* --fixed-strings:                       grep Programs.       (line  25)
+* --group-separator:                     Context Line Control.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* --group-separator <1>:                 Context Line Control.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* --help:                                Generic Program Information.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* --ignore-case:                         Matching Control.    (line  23)
+* --include:                             File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  95)
+* --initial-tab:                         Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* --invert-match:                        Matching Control.    (line  42)
+* --label:                               Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* --line-buffered:                       Other Options.       (line   7)
+* --line-number:                         Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* --line-regexp:                         Matching Control.    (line  57)
+* --max-count:                           General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  42)
+* --no-filename:                         Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* --no-messages:                         General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  87)
+* --null:                                Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  63)
+* --null-data:                           Other Options.       (line  25)
+* --only-matching:                       General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  74)
+* --perl-regexp:                         grep Programs.       (line  31)
+* --quiet:                               General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  80)
+* --recursive:                           File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line 100)
+* --regexp=PATTERN:                      Matching Control.    (line   8)
+* --silent:                              General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  80)
+* --text:                                File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line   8)
+* --unix-byte-offsets:                   Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* --version:                             Generic Program Information.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* --with-filename:                       Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* --word-regexp:                         Matching Control.    (line  47)
+* -A:                                    Context Line Control.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* -a:                                    File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line   8)
+* -b:                                    Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* -B:                                    Context Line Control.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* -c:                                    General Output Control.
+                                                              (line   8)
+* -C:                                    Context Line Control.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* -D:                                    File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* -d:                                    File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  61)
+* -e:                                    Matching Control.    (line   8)
+* -E:                                    grep Programs.       (line  20)
+* -f:                                    Matching Control.    (line  14)
+* -F:                                    grep Programs.       (line  25)
+* -G:                                    grep Programs.       (line  15)
+* -H:                                    Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* -h:                                    Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* -i:                                    Matching Control.    (line  23)
+* -L:                                    General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* -l:                                    General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* -m:                                    General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  42)
+* -n:                                    Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* -NUM:                                  Context Line Control.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* -o:                                    General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  74)
+* -P:                                    grep Programs.       (line  31)
+* -q:                                    General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  80)
+* -r:                                    File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line 100)
+* -R:                                    File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line 108)
+* -s:                                    General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  87)
+* -T:                                    Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* -u:                                    Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* -U:                                    Other Options.       (line  12)
+* -V:                                    Generic Program Information.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* -v:                                    Matching Control.    (line  42)
+* -w:                                    Matching Control.    (line  47)
+* -x:                                    Matching Control.    (line  57)
+* -y:                                    Matching Control.    (line  23)
+* -Z:                                    Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  63)
+* -z:                                    Other Options.       (line  25)
+* .:                                     Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* ?:                                     Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* _N_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_ environment variable: Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 193)
+* {,M}:                                  Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* {N,M}:                                 Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* {N,}:                                  Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* {N}:                                   Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* after context:                         Context Line Control.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* alnum character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* alpha character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* alphabetic characters:                 Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* alphanumeric characters:               Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* anchoring:                             Anchoring.           (line   6)
+* asterisk:                              Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* back-reference:                        Back-references and Subexpressions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* backslash:                             The Backslash Character and Special Expressions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* basic regular expressions:             Basic vs Extended.   (line   6)
+* before context:                        Context Line Control.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* binary files:                          File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line   8)
+* binary files <1>:                      File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* binary files, MS-DOS/MS-Windows:       Other Options.       (line  12)
+* blank character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* blank characters:                      Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* bn GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 134)
+* braces, first argument omitted:        Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* braces, one argument:                  Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* braces, second argument omitted:       Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* braces, two arguments:                 Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* bracket expression:                    Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* Bugs, known:                           Reporting Bugs.      (line  14)
+* bugs, reporting:                       Reporting Bugs.      (line   6)
+* byte offset:                           Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* byte offsets, on MS-DOS/MS-Windows:    Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* case insensitive search:               Matching Control.    (line  23)
+* changing name of standard input:       Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* character class:                       Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* character classes:                     Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* character type:                        Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 161)
+* classes of characters:                 Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* cntrl character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  42)
+* context:                               Context Line Control.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* context lines, after match:            Context Line Control.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* context lines, before match:           Context Line Control.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* control characters:                    Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  42)
+* copying:                               Copying.             (line   6)
+* counting lines:                        General Output Control.
+                                                              (line   8)
+* cx GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line  85)
+* default options environment variable:  Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line  45)
+* device search:                         File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* digit character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* digit characters:                      Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* directory search:                      File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  61)
+* dot:                                   Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* environment variables:                 Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line  44)
+* exclude directories:                   File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  85)
+* exclude files:                         File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  72)
+* exclude files <1>:                     File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  81)
+* exit status:                           Exit Status.         (line   6)
+* FAQ about ‘grep’ usage:                Usage.               (line  17)
+* files which don’t match:               General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* fn GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 124)
+* fn GREP_COLORS capability <1>:         Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 139)
+* graph character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* graphic characters:                    Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* ‘grep’ programs:                       grep Programs.       (line   6)
+* GREP_COLOR environment variable:       Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line  58)
+* GREP_COLORS environment variable:      Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* GREP_OPTIONS environment variable:     Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line  45)
+* group separator:                       Context Line Control.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* group separator <1>:                   Context Line Control.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* hexadecimal digits:                    Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  74)
+* highlight markers:                     Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line  58)
+* highlight markers <1>:                 Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* highlight, color, colour:              General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* include files:                         File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  95)
+* interval specifications:               Basic vs Extended.   (line  10)
+* invert matching:                       Matching Control.    (line  42)
+* LANG environment variable:             Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* LANG environment variable <1>:         Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 161)
+* LANG environment variable <2>:         Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 168)
+* LANG environment variable <3>:         Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 179)
+* LANGUAGE environment variable:         Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* LANGUAGE environment variable <1>:     Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 179)
+* language of messages:                  Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 179)
+* LC_ALL environment variable:           Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* LC_ALL environment variable <1>:       Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 161)
+* LC_ALL environment variable <2>:       Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 168)
+* LC_ALL environment variable <3>:       Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 179)
+* LC_COLLATE environment variable:       Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 161)
+* LC_CTYPE environment variable:         Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 168)
+* LC_MESSAGES environment variable:      Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* LC_MESSAGES environment variable <1>:  Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 179)
+* line buffering:                        Other Options.       (line   7)
+* line numbering:                        Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* ln GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 129)
+* lower character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* lower-case letters:                    Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* match expression at most M times:      Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* match expression at most once:         Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* match expression from N to M times:    Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* match expression N or more times:      Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* match expression N times:              Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* match expression one or more times:    Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* match expression zero or more times:   Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* match the whole line:                  Matching Control.    (line  57)
+* matching basic regular expressions:    grep Programs.       (line  15)
+* matching extended regular expressions: grep Programs.       (line  20)
+* matching fixed strings:                grep Programs.       (line  25)
+* matching Perl-compatible regular expressions: grep Programs.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* matching whole words:                  Matching Control.    (line  47)
+* max-count:                             General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  42)
+* mc GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 116)
+* message language:                      Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 179)
+* ms GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 108)
+* MS-DOS/MS-Windows binary files:        Other Options.       (line  12)
+* MS-DOS/MS-Windows byte offsets:        Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* mt GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 100)
+* names of matching files:               General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* national language support:             Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 161)
+* national language support <1>:         Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 179)
+* ne GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 146)
+* NLS:                                   Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 161)
+* no filename prefix:                    Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* numeric characters:                    Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* only matching:                         General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  74)
+* palindromes:                           Usage.               (line 139)
+* pattern from file:                     Matching Control.    (line  14)
+* pattern list:                          Matching Control.    (line   8)
+* period:                                Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* plus sign:                             Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable:  Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 184)
+* print character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  57)
+* print non-matching lines:              Matching Control.    (line  42)
+* printable characters:                  Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  57)
+* punct character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  60)
+* punctuation characters:                Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  60)
+* question mark:                         Fundamental Structure.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* quiet, silent:                         General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  80)
+* range expression:                      Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* recursive search:                      File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line 100)
+* recursive search <1>:                  File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line 108)
+* regular expressions:                   Regular Expressions. (line   6)
+* return status:                         Exit Status.         (line   6)
+* rv GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line  94)
+* searching directory trees:             File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  72)
+* searching directory trees <1>:         File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  81)
+* searching directory trees <2>:         File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  95)
+* searching directory trees <3>:         File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line 100)
+* searching directory trees <4>:         File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line 108)
+* searching for a pattern:               Introduction.        (line   6)
+* sl GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line  77)
+* space character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  65)
+* space characters:                      Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  65)
+* subexpression:                         Back-references and Subexpressions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* suppress binary data:                  File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line   8)
+* suppress error messages:               General Output Control.
+                                                              (line  87)
+* symbolic links:                        File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line  61)
+* symbolic links <1>:                    File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line 100)
+* symbolic links <2>:                    File and Directory Selection.
+                                                              (line 108)
+* tab-aligned content lines:             Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* translation of message language:       Environment Variables.
+                                                              (line 179)
+* upper character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  70)
+* upper-case letters:                    Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  70)
+* usage summary, printing:               Generic Program Information.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* usage, examples:                       Usage.               (line   6)
+* using ‘grep’, Q&A:                     Usage.               (line  17)
+* variants of ‘grep’:                    grep Programs.       (line   6)
+* version, printing:                     Generic Program Information.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* whitespace characters:                 Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  65)
+* with filename prefix:                  Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* xdigit character class:                Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  74)
+* xdigit class:                          Character Classes and Bracket Expressions.
+                                                              (line  74)
+* zero-terminated file names:            Output Line Prefix Control.
+                                                              (line  63)
+* zero-terminated lines:                 Other Options.       (line  25)
+
+
+
+Tag Table:
+Node: Top771
+Node: Introduction1899
+Node: Invoking2641
+Node: Command-line Options3414
+Node: Generic Program Information4299
+Node: Matching Control4775
+Node: General Output Control7498
+Ref: General Output Control-Footnote-111629
+Node: Output Line Prefix Control11698
+Node: Context Line Control14760
+Node: File and Directory Selection16691
+Node: Other Options22133
+Node: Environment Variables23441
+Node: Exit Status33720
+Node: grep Programs34200
+Node: Regular Expressions35777
+Node: Fundamental Structure36980
+Node: Character Classes and Bracket Expressions38788
+Ref: invalid-bracket-expr42210
+Node: The Backslash Character and Special Expressions43450
+Node: Anchoring44524
+Node: Back-references and Subexpressions44985
+Node: Basic vs Extended45725
+Node: Usage46818
+Node: Reporting Bugs54298
+Node: Copying54982
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License56110
+Node: Index81415
+
+End Tag Table
+
+
+Local Variables:
+coding: utf-8
+End:
diff --git a/doc/grep.texi b/doc/grep.texi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80768dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/grep.texi
@@ -0,0 +1,1859 @@
+\input texinfo  @c -*-texinfo-*-
+@c %**start of header
+@setfilename grep.info
+@include version.texi
+@settitle GNU Grep @value{VERSION}
+
+@c Combine indices.
+@syncodeindex ky cp
+@syncodeindex pg cp
+@syncodeindex tp cp
+@defcodeindex op
+@syncodeindex op cp
+@syncodeindex vr cp
+@c %**end of header
+
+@documentencoding UTF-8
+
+@copying
+This manual is for @command{grep}, a pattern matching engine.
+
+Copyright @copyright{} 1999-2002, 2005, 2008-2016 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc.
+
+@quotation
+Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
+Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
+Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
+``GNU Free Documentation License''.
+@end quotation
+@end copying
+
+@dircategory Text creation and manipulation
+@direntry
+* grep: (grep).                 Print lines matching a pattern.
+@end direntry
+
+@titlepage
+@title GNU Grep: Print lines matching a pattern
+@subtitle version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}
+@author Alain Magloire et al.
+@page
+@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
+@insertcopying
+@end titlepage
+
+@contents
+
+
+@ifnottex
+@node Top
+@top grep
+
+@command{grep} prints lines that contain a match for a pattern.
+
+This manual is for version @value{VERSION} of GNU Grep.
+
+@insertcopying
+@end ifnottex
+
+@menu
+* Introduction::                Introduction.
+* Invoking::                    Command-line options, environment, exit status.
+* Regular Expressions::         Regular Expressions.
+* Usage::                       Examples.
+* Reporting Bugs::              Reporting Bugs.
+* Copying::                     License terms for this manual.
+* Index::                       Combined index.
+@end menu
+
+
+@node Introduction
+@chapter Introduction
+
+@cindex searching for a pattern
+
+@command{grep} searches input files
+for lines containing a match to a given pattern list.
+When it finds a match in a line,
+it copies the line to standard output (by default),
+or produces whatever other sort of output you have requested with options.
+
+Though @command{grep} expects to do the matching on text,
+it has no limits on input line length other than available memory,
+and it can match arbitrary characters within a line.
+If the final byte of an input file is not a newline,
+@command{grep} silently supplies one.
+Since newline is also a separator for the list of patterns,
+there is no way to match newline characters in a text.
+
+
+@node Invoking
+@chapter Invoking @command{grep}
+
+The general synopsis of the @command{grep} command line is
+
+@example
+grep @var{options} @var{pattern} @var{input_file_names}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+There can be zero or more @var{options}.
+@var{pattern} will only be seen as such
+(and not as an @var{input_file_name})
+if it wasn't already specified within @var{options}
+(by using the @samp{-e@ @var{pattern}}
+or @samp{-f@ @var{file}} options).
+There can be zero or more @var{input_file_names}.
+
+@menu
+* Command-line Options::        Short and long names, grouped by category.
+* Environment Variables::       POSIX, GNU generic, and GNU grep specific.
+* Exit Status::                 Exit status returned by @command{grep}.
+* grep Programs::               @command{grep} programs.
+@end menu
+
+@node Command-line Options
+@section Command-line Options
+
+@command{grep} comes with a rich set of options:
+some from POSIX and some being GNU extensions.
+Long option names are always a GNU extension,
+even for options that are from POSIX specifications.
+Options that are specified by POSIX,
+under their short names,
+are explicitly marked as such
+to facilitate POSIX-portable programming.
+A few option names are provided
+for compatibility with older or more exotic implementations.
+
+@menu
+* Generic Program Information::
+* Matching Control::
+* General Output Control::
+* Output Line Prefix Control::
+* Context Line Control::
+* File and Directory Selection::
+* Other Options::
+@end menu
+
+Several additional options control
+which variant of the @command{grep} matching engine is used.
+@xref{grep Programs}.
+
+@node Generic Program Information
+@subsection Generic Program Information
+
+@table @option
+
+@item --help
+@opindex --help
+@cindex usage summary, printing
+Print a usage message briefly summarizing the command-line options
+and the bug-reporting address, then exit.
+
+@item -V
+@itemx --version
+@opindex -V
+@opindex --version
+@cindex version, printing
+Print the version number of @command{grep} to the standard output stream.
+This version number should be included in all bug reports.
+
+@end table
+
+@node Matching Control
+@subsection Matching Control
+
+@table @option
+
+@item -e @var{pattern}
+@itemx --regexp=@var{pattern}
+@opindex -e
+@opindex --regexp=@var{pattern}
+@cindex pattern list
+Use @var{pattern} as the pattern.
+If this option is used multiple times or is combined with the
+@option{-f} (@option{--file}) option, search for all patterns given.
+(@option{-e} is specified by POSIX.)
+
+@item -f @var{file}
+@itemx --file=@var{file}
+@opindex -f
+@opindex --file
+@cindex pattern from file
+Obtain patterns from @var{file}, one per line.
+If this option is used multiple times or is combined with the
+@option{-e} (@option{--regexp}) option, search for all patterns given.
+The empty file contains zero patterns, and therefore matches nothing.
+(@option{-f} is specified by POSIX.)
+
+@item -i
+@itemx -y
+@itemx --ignore-case
+@opindex -i
+@opindex -y
+@opindex --ignore-case
+@cindex case insensitive search
+Ignore case distinctions, so that characters that differ only in case
+match each other.  Although this is straightforward when letters
+differ in case only via lowercase-uppercase pairs, the behavior is
+unspecified in other situations.  For example, uppercase ``S'' has an
+unusual lowercase counterpart ``ſ'' (Unicode character U+017F, LATIN
+SMALL LETTER LONG S) in many locales, and it is unspecified whether
+this unusual character matches ``S'' or ``s'' even though uppercasing
+it yields ``S''.  Another example: the lowercase German letter ``ß''
+(U+00DF, LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S) is normally capitalized as the
+two-character string ``SS'' but it does not match ``SS'', and it might
+not match the uppercase letter ``ẞ'' (U+1E9E, LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
+SHARP S) even though lowercasing the latter yields the former.
+
+@option{-y} is an obsolete synonym that is provided for compatibility.
+(@option{-i} is specified by POSIX.)
+
+@item -v
+@itemx --invert-match
+@opindex -v
+@opindex --invert-match
+@cindex invert matching
+@cindex print non-matching lines
+Invert the sense of matching, to select non-matching lines.
+(@option{-v} is specified by POSIX.)
+
+@item -w
+@itemx --word-regexp
+@opindex -w
+@opindex --word-regexp
+@cindex matching whole words
+Select only those lines containing matches that form whole words.
+The test is that the matching substring must either
+be at the beginning of the line,
+or preceded by a non-word constituent character.
+Similarly,
+it must be either at the end of the line
+or followed by a non-word constituent character.
+Word-constituent characters are letters, digits, and the underscore.
+This option has no effect if @option{-x} is also specified.
+
+@item -x
+@itemx --line-regexp
+@opindex -x
+@opindex --line-regexp
+@cindex match the whole line
+Select only those matches that exactly match the whole line.
+For a regular expression pattern, this is like parenthesizing the
+pattern and then surrounding it with @samp{^} and @samp{$}.
+(@option{-x} is specified by POSIX.)
+
+@end table
+
+@node General Output Control
+@subsection General Output Control
+
+@table @option
+
+@item -c
+@itemx --count
+@opindex -c
+@opindex --count
+@cindex counting lines
+Suppress normal output;
+instead print a count of matching lines for each input file.
+With the @option{-v} (@option{--invert-match}) option,
+count non-matching lines.
+(@option{-c} is specified by POSIX.)
+
+@item --color[=@var{WHEN}]
+@itemx --colour[=@var{WHEN}]
+@opindex --color
+@opindex --colour
+@cindex highlight, color, colour
+Surround the matched (non-empty) strings, matching lines, context lines,
+file names, line numbers, byte offsets, and separators (for fields and
+groups of context lines) with escape sequences to display them in color
+on the terminal.
+The colors are defined by the environment variable @env{GREP_COLORS}
+and default to @samp{ms=01;31:mc=01;31:sl=:cx=:fn=35:ln=32:bn=32:se=36}
+for bold red matched text, magenta file names, green line numbers,
+green byte offsets, cyan separators, and default terminal colors otherwise.
+The deprecated environment variable @env{GREP_COLOR} is still supported,
+but its setting does not have priority;
+it defaults to @samp{01;31} (bold red)
+which only covers the color for matched text.
+@var{WHEN} is @samp{never}, @samp{always}, or @samp{auto}.
+
+@item -L
+@itemx --files-without-match
+@opindex -L
+@opindex --files-without-match
+@cindex files which don't match
+Suppress normal output;
+instead print the name of each input file from which
+no output would normally have been printed.
+The scanning of each file stops on the first match.
+
+@item -l
+@itemx --files-with-matches
+@opindex -l
+@opindex --files-with-matches
+@cindex names of matching files
+Suppress normal output;
+instead print the name of each input file from which
+output would normally have been printed.
+The scanning of each file stops on the first match.
+(@option{-l} is specified by POSIX.)
+
+@item -m @var{num}
+@itemx --max-count=@var{num}
+@opindex -m
+@opindex --max-count
+@cindex max-count
+Stop reading a file after @var{num} matching lines.
+If the input is standard input from a regular file,
+and @var{num} matching lines are output,
+@command{grep} ensures that the standard input is positioned
+just after the last matching line before exiting,
+regardless of the presence of trailing context lines.
+This enables a calling process to resume a search.
+For example, the following shell script makes use of it:
+
+@example
+while grep -m 1 PATTERN
+do
+  echo xxxx
+done < FILE
+@end example
+
+But the following probably will not work because a pipe is not a regular
+file:
+
+@example
+# This probably will not work.
+cat FILE |
+while grep -m 1 PATTERN
+do
+  echo xxxx
+done
+@end example
+
+When @command{grep} stops after @var{num} matching lines,
+it outputs any trailing context lines.
+Since context does not include matching lines,
+@command{grep} will stop when it encounters another matching line.
+When the @option{-c} or @option{--count} option is also used,
+@command{grep} does not output a count greater than @var{num}.
+When the @option{-v} or @option{--invert-match} option is also used,
+@command{grep} stops after outputting @var{num} non-matching lines.
+
+@item -o
+@itemx --only-matching
+@opindex -o
+@opindex --only-matching
+@cindex only matching
+Print only the matched (non-empty) parts of matching lines,
+with each such part on a separate output line.
+
+@item -q
+@itemx --quiet
+@itemx --silent
+@opindex -q
+@opindex --quiet
+@opindex --silent
+@cindex quiet, silent
+Quiet; do not write anything to standard output.
+Exit immediately with zero status if any match is found,
+even if an error was detected.
+Also see the @option{-s} or @option{--no-messages} option.
+(@option{-q} is specified by POSIX.)
+
+@item -s
+@itemx --no-messages
+@opindex -s
+@opindex --no-messages
+@cindex suppress error messages
+Suppress error messages about nonexistent or unreadable files.
+Portability note:
+unlike GNU @command{grep},
+7th Edition Unix @command{grep} did not conform to POSIX,
+because it lacked @option{-q}
+and its @option{-s} option behaved like
+GNU @command{grep}'s @option{-q} option.@footnote{Of course, 7th Edition
+Unix predated POSIX by several years!}
+USG-style @command{grep} also lacked @option{-q}
+but its @option{-s} option behaved like GNU @command{grep}'s.
+Portable shell scripts should avoid both
+@option{-q} and @option{-s} and should redirect
+standard and error output to @file{/dev/null} instead.
+(@option{-s} is specified by POSIX.)
+
+@end table
+
+@node Output Line Prefix Control
+@subsection Output Line Prefix Control
+
+When several prefix fields are to be output,
+the order is always file name, line number, and byte offset,
+regardless of the order in which these options were specified.
+
+@table @option
+
+@item -b
+@itemx --byte-offset
+@opindex -b
+@opindex --byte-offset
+@cindex byte offset
+Print the 0-based byte offset within the input file
+before each line of output.
+If @option{-o} (@option{--only-matching}) is specified,
+print the offset of the matching part itself.
+When @command{grep} runs on MS-DOS or MS-Windows,
+the printed byte offsets depend on whether
+the @option{-u} (@option{--unix-byte-offsets}) option is used;
+see below.
+
+@item -H
+@itemx --with-filename
+@opindex -H
+@opindex --with-filename
+@cindex with filename prefix
+Print the file name for each match.
+This is the default when there is more than one file to search.
+
+@item -h
+@itemx --no-filename
+@opindex -h
+@opindex --no-filename
+@cindex no filename prefix
+Suppress the prefixing of file names on output.
+This is the default when there is only one file
+(or only standard input) to search.
+
+@item --label=@var{LABEL}
+@opindex --label
+@cindex changing name of standard input
+Display input actually coming from standard input
+as input coming from file @var{LABEL}.  This is
+especially useful when implementing tools like
+@command{zgrep}; e.g.:
+
+@example
+gzip -cd foo.gz | grep --label=foo -H something
+@end example
+
+@item -n
+@itemx --line-number
+@opindex -n
+@opindex --line-number
+@cindex line numbering
+Prefix each line of output with the 1-based line number within its input file.
+(@option{-n} is specified by POSIX.)
+
+@item -T
+@itemx --initial-tab
+@opindex -T
+@opindex --initial-tab
+@cindex tab-aligned content lines
+Make sure that the first character of actual line content lies on a tab stop,
+so that the alignment of tabs looks normal.
+This is useful with options that prefix their output to the actual content:
+@option{-H}, @option{-n}, and @option{-b}.
+In order to improve the probability that lines
+from a single file will all start at the same column,
+this also causes the line number and byte offset (if present)
+to be printed in a minimum-size field width.
+
+@item -u
+@itemx --unix-byte-offsets
+@opindex -u
+@opindex --unix-byte-offsets
+@cindex MS-DOS/MS-Windows byte offsets
+@cindex byte offsets, on MS-DOS/MS-Windows
+Report Unix-style byte offsets.
+This option causes @command{grep} to report byte offsets
+as if the file were a Unix-style text file,
+i.e., the byte offsets ignore carriage returns that were stripped.
+This will produce results identical
+to running @command{grep} on a Unix machine.
+This option has no effect unless the @option{-b} option is also used;
+it has no effect on platforms other than MS-DOS and MS-Windows.
+
+@item -Z
+@itemx --null
+@opindex -Z
+@opindex --null
+@cindex zero-terminated file names
+Output a zero byte (the ASCII NUL character)
+instead of the character that normally follows a file name.
+For example,
+@samp{grep -lZ} outputs a zero byte after each file name
+instead of the usual newline.
+This option makes the output unambiguous,
+even in the presence of file names containing unusual characters like newlines.
+This option can be used with commands like
+@samp{find -print0}, @samp{perl -0}, @samp{sort -z}, and @samp{xargs -0}
+to process arbitrary file names,
+even those that contain newline characters.
+
+@end table
+
+@node Context Line Control
+@subsection Context Line Control
+
+Regardless of how these options are set,
+@command{grep} will never print any given line more than once.
+If the @option{-o} (@option{--only-matching}) option is specified,
+these options have no effect and a warning is given upon their use.
+
+@table @option
+
+@item -A @var{num}
+@itemx --after-context=@var{num}
+@opindex -A
+@opindex --after-context
+@cindex after context
+@cindex context lines, after match
+Print @var{num} lines of trailing context after matching lines.
+
+@item -B @var{num}
+@itemx --before-context=@var{num}
+@opindex -B
+@opindex --before-context
+@cindex before context
+@cindex context lines, before match
+Print @var{num} lines of leading context before matching lines.
+
+@item -C @var{num}
+@itemx -@var{num}
+@itemx --context=@var{num}
+@opindex -C
+@opindex --context
+@opindex -@var{num}
+@cindex context
+Print @var{num} lines of leading and trailing output context.
+
+@item --group-separator=@var{string}
+@opindex --group-separator
+@cindex group separator
+When @option{-A}, @option{-B} or @option{-C} are in use,
+print @var{string} instead of @option{--} between groups of lines.
+
+@item --no-group-separator
+@opindex --group-separator
+@cindex group separator
+When @option{-A}, @option{-B} or @option{-C} are in use,
+do not print a separator between groups of lines.
+
+@end table
+
+Here are some points about how @command{grep} chooses
+the separator to print between prefix fields and line content:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+Matching lines normally use @samp{:} as a separator
+between prefix fields and actual line content.
+
+@item
+Context (i.e., non-matching) lines use @samp{-} instead.
+
+@item
+When context is not specified,
+matching lines are simply output one right after another.
+
+@item
+When context is specified,
+lines that are adjacent in the input form a group
+and are output one right after another, while
+by default a separator appears between non-adjacent groups.
+
+@item
+The default separator
+is a @samp{--} line; its presence and appearance
+can be changed with the options above.
+
+@item
+Each group may contain
+several matching lines when they are close enough to each other
+that two adjacent groups connect and can merge into a single
+contiguous one.
+@end itemize
+
+@node File and Directory Selection
+@subsection File and Directory Selection
+
+@table @option
+
+@item -a
+@itemx --text
+@opindex -a
+@opindex --text
+@cindex suppress binary data
+@cindex binary files
+Process a binary file as if it were text;
+this is equivalent to the @samp{--binary-files=text} option.
+
+@item --binary-files=@var{type}
+@opindex --binary-files
+@cindex binary files
+If a file's data or metadata
+indicate that the file contains binary data,
+assume that the file is of type @var{type}.
+Non-text bytes indicate binary data; these are either output bytes that are
+improperly encoded for the current locale (@pxref{Environment
+Variables}), or null input bytes when the
+@option{-z} (@option{--null-data}) option is not given (@pxref{Other
+Options}).
+
+By default, @var{type} is @samp{binary}, and when @command{grep}
+discovers that a file is binary it suppresses any further output, and
+instead outputs either a one-line message saying that a binary file
+matches, or no message if there is no match.
+
+If @var{type} is @samp{without-match},
+when @command{grep} discovers that a file is binary
+it assumes that the rest of the file does not match;
+this is equivalent to the @option{-I} option.
+
+If @var{type} is @samp{text},
+@command{grep} processes a binary file as if it were text;
+this is equivalent to the @option{-a} option.
+
+When @var{type} is @samp{binary}, @command{grep} may treat non-text
+bytes as line terminators even without the @option{-z}
+(@option{--null-data}) option.  This means choosing @samp{binary}
+versus @samp{text} can affect whether a pattern matches a file.  For
+example, when @var{type} is @samp{binary} the pattern @samp{q$} might
+match @samp{q} immediately followed by a null byte, even though this
+is not matched when @var{type} is @samp{text}.  Conversely, when
+@var{type} is @samp{binary} the pattern @samp{.} (period) might not
+match a null byte.
+
+@emph{Warning:} The @option{-a} (@option{--binary-files=text}) option
+might output binary garbage, which can have nasty side effects if the
+output is a terminal and if the terminal driver interprets some of it
+as commands.  On the other hand, when reading files whose text
+encodings are unknown, it can be helpful to use @option{-a} or to set
+@samp{LC_ALL='C'} in the environment, in order to find more matches
+even if the matches are unsafe for direct display.
+
+@item -D @var{action}
+@itemx --devices=@var{action}
+@opindex -D
+@opindex --devices
+@cindex device search
+If an input file is a device, FIFO, or socket, use @var{action} to process it.
+If @var{action} is @samp{read},
+all devices are read just as if they were ordinary files.
+If @var{action} is @samp{skip},
+devices, FIFOs, and sockets are silently skipped.
+By default, devices are read if they are on the command line or if the
+@option{-R} (@option{--dereference-recursive}) option is used, and are
+skipped if they are encountered recursively and the @option{-r}
+(@option{--recursive}) option is used.
+This option has no effect on a file that is read via standard input.
+
+@item -d @var{action}
+@itemx --directories=@var{action}
+@opindex -d
+@opindex --directories
+@cindex directory search
+@cindex symbolic links
+If an input file is a directory, use @var{action} to process it.
+By default, @var{action} is @samp{read},
+which means that directories are read just as if they were ordinary files
+(some operating systems and file systems disallow this,
+and will cause @command{grep}
+to print error messages for every directory or silently skip them).
+If @var{action} is @samp{skip}, directories are silently skipped.
+If @var{action} is @samp{recurse},
+@command{grep} reads all files under each directory, recursively,
+following command-line symbolic links and skipping other symlinks;
+this is equivalent to the @option{-r} option.
+
+@item --exclude=@var{glob}
+@opindex --exclude
+@cindex exclude files
+@cindex searching directory trees
+Skip any command-line file with a name suffix that matches the pattern
+@var{glob}, using wildcard matching; a name suffix is either the whole
+name, or any suffix starting after a @samp{/} and before a
+non-@samp{/}.  When searching recursively, skip any subfile whose base
+name matches @var{glob}; the base name is the part after the last
+@samp{/}.  A pattern can use
+@samp{*}, @samp{?}, and @samp{[}...@samp{]} as wildcards,
+and @code{\} to quote a wildcard or backslash character literally.
+
+@item --exclude-from=@var{file}
+@opindex --exclude-from
+@cindex exclude files
+@cindex searching directory trees
+Skip files whose name matches any of the patterns
+read from @var{file} (using wildcard matching as described
+under @option{--exclude}).
+
+@item --exclude-dir=@var{glob}
+@opindex --exclude-dir
+@cindex exclude directories
+Skip any command-line directory with a name suffix that matches the
+pattern @var{glob}.  When searching recursively, skip any subdirectory
+whose base name matches @var{glob}.  Ignore any redundant trailing
+slashes in @var{glob}.
+
+@item -I
+Process a binary file as if it did not contain matching data;
+this is equivalent to the @samp{--binary-files=without-match} option.
+
+@item --include=@var{glob}
+@opindex --include
+@cindex include files
+@cindex searching directory trees
+Search only files whose name matches @var{glob},
+using wildcard matching as described under @option{--exclude}.
+
+@item -r
+@itemx --recursive
+@opindex -r
+@opindex --recursive
+@cindex recursive search
+@cindex searching directory trees
+@cindex symbolic links
+For each directory operand,
+read and process all files in that directory, recursively.
+Follow symbolic links on the command line, but skip symlinks
+that are encountered recursively.
+Note that if no file operand is given, grep searches the working directory.
+This is the same as the @samp{--directories=recurse} option.
+
+@item -R
+@itemx --dereference-recursive
+@opindex -R
+@opindex --dereference-recursive
+@cindex recursive search
+@cindex searching directory trees
+@cindex symbolic links
+For each directory operand, read and process all files in that
+directory, recursively, following all symbolic links.
+
+@end table
+
+@node Other Options
+@subsection Other Options
+
+@table @option
+
+@item --line-buffered
+@opindex --line-buffered
+@cindex line buffering
+Use line buffering on output.
+This can cause a performance penalty.
+
+@item -U
+@itemx --binary
+@opindex -U
+@opindex --binary
+@cindex MS-DOS/MS-Windows binary files
+@cindex binary files, MS-DOS/MS-Windows
+Treat the file(s) as binary.
+By default, under MS-DOS and MS-Windows,
+@command{grep} guesses whether a file is text or binary
+as described for the @option{--binary-files} option.
+If @command{grep} decides the file is a text file,
+it strips carriage returns from the original file contents
+(to make regular expressions with @code{^} and @code{$} work correctly).
+Specifying @option{-U} overrules this guesswork,
+causing all files to be read and passed to the matching mechanism verbatim;
+if the file is a text file with @code{CR/LF} pairs at the end of each line,
+this will cause some regular expressions to fail.
+This option has no effect
+on platforms other than MS-DOS and MS-Windows.
+
+@item -z
+@itemx --null-data
+@opindex -z
+@opindex --null-data
+@cindex zero-terminated lines
+Treat input and output data as sequences of lines, each terminated by
+a zero byte (the ASCII NUL character) instead of a newline.
+Like the @option{-Z} or @option{--null} option,
+this option can be used with commands like
+@samp{sort -z} to process arbitrary file names.
+
+@end table
+
+@node Environment Variables
+@section Environment Variables
+
+The behavior of @command{grep} is affected
+by the following environment variables.
+
+@vindex LANGUAGE @r{environment variable}
+@vindex LC_ALL @r{environment variable}
+@vindex LC_MESSAGES @r{environment variable}
+@vindex LANG @r{environment variable}
+The locale for category @w{@code{LC_@var{foo}}}
+is specified by examining the three environment variables
+@env{LC_ALL}, @w{@env{LC_@var{foo}}}, and @env{LANG},
+in that order.
+The first of these variables that is set specifies the locale.
+For example, if @env{LC_ALL} is not set,
+but @env{LC_COLLATE} is set to @samp{pt_BR},
+then the Brazilian Portuguese locale is used
+for the @env{LC_COLLATE} category.
+As a special case for @env{LC_MESSAGES} only, the environment variable
+@env{LANGUAGE} can contain a colon-separated list of languages that
+overrides the three environment variables that ordinarily specify
+the @env{LC_MESSAGES} category.
+The @samp{C} locale is used if none of these environment variables are set,
+if the locale catalog is not installed,
+or if @command{grep} was not compiled
+with national language support (NLS).
+The shell command @code{locale -a} lists locales that are currently available.
+
+Many of the environment variables in the following list let you
+control highlighting using
+Select Graphic Rendition (SGR)
+commands interpreted by the terminal or terminal emulator.
+(See the
+section
+in the documentation of your text terminal
+for permitted values and their meanings as character attributes.)
+These substring values are integers in decimal representation
+and can be concatenated with semicolons.
+@command{grep} takes care of assembling the result
+into a complete SGR sequence (@samp{\33[}...@samp{m}).
+Common values to concatenate include
+@samp{1} for bold,
+@samp{4} for underline,
+@samp{5} for blink,
+@samp{7} for inverse,
+@samp{39} for default foreground color,
+@samp{30} to @samp{37} for foreground colors,
+@samp{90} to @samp{97} for 16-color mode foreground colors,
+@samp{38;5;0} to @samp{38;5;255}
+for 88-color and 256-color modes foreground colors,
+@samp{49} for default background color,
+@samp{40} to @samp{47} for background colors,
+@samp{100} to @samp{107} for 16-color mode background colors,
+and @samp{48;5;0} to @samp{48;5;255}
+for 88-color and 256-color modes background colors.
+
+The two-letter names used in the @env{GREP_COLORS} environment variable
+(and some of the others) refer to terminal ``capabilities,'' the ability
+of a terminal to highlight text, or change its color, and so on.
+These capabilities are stored in an online database and accessed by
+the @code{terminfo} library.
+
+@cindex environment variables
+
+@table @env
+
+@item GREP_OPTIONS
+@vindex GREP_OPTIONS @r{environment variable}
+@cindex default options environment variable
+This variable specifies default options to be placed in front of any
+explicit options.
+As this causes problems when writing portable scripts, this feature
+will be removed in a future release of @command{grep}, and @command{grep}
+warns if it is used.  Please use an alias or script instead.
+For example, if @command{grep} is in the directory @samp{/usr/bin} you
+can prepend @file{$HOME/bin} to your @env{PATH} and create an
+executable script @file{$HOME/bin/grep} containing the following:
+
+@example
+#! /bin/sh
+export PATH=/usr/bin
+exec grep --color=auto --devices=skip "$@@"
+@end example
+
+@item GREP_COLOR
+@vindex GREP_COLOR @r{environment variable}
+@cindex highlight markers
+This variable specifies the color used to highlight matched (non-empty) text.
+It is deprecated in favor of @env{GREP_COLORS}, but still supported.
+The @samp{mt}, @samp{ms}, and @samp{mc} capabilities of @env{GREP_COLORS}
+have priority over it.
+It can only specify the color used to highlight
+the matching non-empty text in any matching line
+(a selected line when the @option{-v} command-line option is omitted,
+or a context line when @option{-v} is specified).
+The default is @samp{01;31},
+which means a bold red foreground text on the terminal's default background.
+
+@item GREP_COLORS
+@vindex GREP_COLORS @r{environment variable}
+@cindex highlight markers
+This variable specifies the colors and other attributes
+used to highlight various parts of the output.
+Its value is a colon-separated list of @code{terminfo} capabilities
+that defaults to @samp{ms=01;31:mc=01;31:sl=:cx=:fn=35:ln=32:bn=32:se=36}
+with the @samp{rv} and @samp{ne} boolean capabilities omitted (i.e., false).
+Supported capabilities are as follows.
+
+@table @code
+@item sl=
+@vindex sl GREP_COLORS @r{capability}
+SGR substring for whole selected lines
+(i.e.,
+matching lines when the @option{-v} command-line option is omitted,
+or non-matching lines when @option{-v} is specified).
+If however the boolean @samp{rv} capability
+and the @option{-v} command-line option are both specified,
+it applies to context matching lines instead.
+The default is empty (i.e., the terminal's default color pair).
+
+@item cx=
+@vindex cx GREP_COLORS @r{capability}
+SGR substring for whole context lines
+(i.e.,
+non-matching lines when the @option{-v} command-line option is omitted,
+or matching lines when @option{-v} is specified).
+If however the boolean @samp{rv} capability
+and the @option{-v} command-line option are both specified,
+it applies to selected non-matching lines instead.
+The default is empty (i.e., the terminal's default color pair).
+
+@item rv
+@vindex rv GREP_COLORS @r{capability}
+Boolean value that reverses (swaps) the meanings of
+the @samp{sl=} and @samp{cx=} capabilities
+when the @option{-v} command-line option is specified.
+The default is false (i.e., the capability is omitted).
+
+@item mt=01;31
+@vindex mt GREP_COLORS @r{capability}
+SGR substring for matching non-empty text in any matching line
+(i.e.,
+a selected line when the @option{-v} command-line option is omitted,
+or a context line when @option{-v} is specified).
+Setting this is equivalent to setting both @samp{ms=} and @samp{mc=}
+at once to the same value.
+The default is a bold red text foreground over the current line background.
+
+@item ms=01;31
+@vindex ms GREP_COLORS @r{capability}
+SGR substring for matching non-empty text in a selected line.
+(This is used only when the @option{-v} command-line option is omitted.)
+The effect of the @samp{sl=} (or @samp{cx=} if @samp{rv}) capability
+remains active when this takes effect.
+The default is a bold red text foreground over the current line background.
+
+@item mc=01;31
+@vindex mc GREP_COLORS @r{capability}
+SGR substring for matching non-empty text in a context line.
+(This is used only when the @option{-v} command-line option is specified.)
+The effect of the @samp{cx=} (or @samp{sl=} if @samp{rv}) capability
+remains active when this takes effect.
+The default is a bold red text foreground over the current line background.
+
+@item fn=35
+@vindex fn GREP_COLORS @r{capability}
+SGR substring for file names prefixing any content line.
+The default is a magenta text foreground over the terminal's default background.
+
+@item ln=32
+@vindex ln GREP_COLORS @r{capability}
+SGR substring for line numbers prefixing any content line.
+The default is a green text foreground over the terminal's default background.
+
+@item bn=32
+@vindex bn GREP_COLORS @r{capability}
+SGR substring for byte offsets prefixing any content line.
+The default is a green text foreground over the terminal's default background.
+
+@item se=36
+@vindex fn GREP_COLORS @r{capability}
+SGR substring for separators that are inserted
+between selected line fields (@samp{:}),
+between context line fields (@samp{-}),
+and between groups of adjacent lines
+when nonzero context is specified (@samp{--}).
+The default is a cyan text foreground over the terminal's default background.
+
+@item ne
+@vindex ne GREP_COLORS @r{capability}
+Boolean value that prevents clearing to the end of line
+using Erase in Line (EL) to Right (@samp{\33[K})
+each time a colorized item ends.
+This is needed on terminals on which EL is not supported.
+It is otherwise useful on terminals
+for which the @code{back_color_erase}
+(@code{bce}) boolean @code{terminfo} capability does not apply,
+when the chosen highlight colors do not affect the background,
+or when EL is too slow or causes too much flicker.
+The default is false (i.e., the capability is omitted).
+@end table
+
+Note that boolean capabilities have no @samp{=}... part.
+They are omitted (i.e., false) by default and become true when specified.
+
+
+@item LC_ALL
+@itemx LC_COLLATE
+@itemx LANG
+@vindex LC_ALL @r{environment variable}
+@vindex LC_COLLATE @r{environment variable}
+@vindex LANG @r{environment variable}
+@cindex character type
+@cindex national language support
+@cindex NLS
+These variables specify the locale for the @env{LC_COLLATE} category,
+which might affect how range expressions like @samp{[a-z]} are
+interpreted.
+
+@item LC_ALL
+@itemx LC_CTYPE
+@itemx LANG
+@vindex LC_ALL @r{environment variable}
+@vindex LC_CTYPE @r{environment variable}
+@vindex LANG @r{environment variable}
+These variables specify the locale for the @env{LC_CTYPE} category,
+which determines the type of characters,
+e.g., which characters are whitespace.
+This category also determines the character encoding, that is, whether
+text is encoded in UTF-8, ASCII, or some other encoding.  In the
+@samp{C} or @samp{POSIX} locale, all characters are encoded as a
+single byte and every byte is a valid character.
+
+@item LANGUAGE
+@itemx LC_ALL
+@itemx LC_MESSAGES
+@itemx LANG
+@vindex LANGUAGE @r{environment variable}
+@vindex LC_ALL @r{environment variable}
+@vindex LC_MESSAGES @r{environment variable}
+@vindex LANG @r{environment variable}
+@cindex language of messages
+@cindex message language
+@cindex national language support
+@cindex translation of message language
+These variables specify the locale for the @env{LC_MESSAGES} category,
+which determines the language that @command{grep} uses for messages.
+The default @samp{C} locale uses American English messages.
+
+@item POSIXLY_CORRECT
+@vindex POSIXLY_CORRECT @r{environment variable}
+If set, @command{grep} behaves as POSIX requires; otherwise,
+@command{grep} behaves more like other GNU programs.
+POSIX
+requires that options that
+follow file names must be treated as file names;
+by default,
+such options are permuted to the front of the operand list
+and are treated as options.
+Also, @env{POSIXLY_CORRECT} disables special handling of an
+invalid bracket expression.  @xref{invalid-bracket-expr}.
+
+@item _@var{N}_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_
+@vindex _@var{N}_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_ @r{environment variable}
+(Here @code{@var{N}} is @command{grep}'s numeric process ID.)
+If the @var{i}th character of this environment variable's value is @samp{1},
+do not consider the @var{i}th operand of @command{grep} to be an option,
+even if it appears to be one.
+A shell can put this variable in the environment for each command it runs,
+specifying which operands are the results of file name wildcard expansion
+and therefore should not be treated as options.
+This behavior is available only with the GNU C library,
+and only when @env{POSIXLY_CORRECT} is not set.
+
+@end table
+
+
+@node Exit Status
+@section Exit Status
+@cindex exit status
+@cindex return status
+
+Normally the exit status is 0 if a line is selected, 1 if no lines
+were selected, and 2 if an error occurred.  However, if the
+@option{-q} or @option{--quiet} or @option{--silent} option is used
+and a line is selected, the exit status is 0 even if an error
+occurred.  Other @command{grep} implementations may exit with status
+greater than 2 on error.
+
+@node grep Programs
+@section @command{grep} Programs
+@cindex @command{grep} programs
+@cindex variants of @command{grep}
+
+@command{grep} searches the named input files
+for lines containing a match to the given pattern.
+By default, @command{grep} prints the matching lines.
+A file named @file{-} stands for standard input.
+If no input is specified, @command{grep} searches the working
+directory @file{.} if given a command-line option specifying
+recursion; otherwise, @command{grep} searches standard input.
+There are four major variants of @command{grep},
+controlled by the following options.
+
+@table @option
+
+@item -G
+@itemx --basic-regexp
+@opindex -G
+@opindex --basic-regexp
+@cindex matching basic regular expressions
+Interpret the pattern as a basic regular expression (BRE).
+This is the default.
+
+@item -E
+@itemx --extended-regexp
+@opindex -E
+@opindex --extended-regexp
+@cindex matching extended regular expressions
+Interpret the pattern as an extended regular expression (ERE).
+(@option{-E} is specified by POSIX.)
+
+@item -F
+@itemx --fixed-strings
+@opindex -F
+@opindex --fixed-strings
+@cindex matching fixed strings
+Interpret the pattern as a list of fixed strings (instead of regular
+expressions), separated by newlines, any of which is to be matched.
+(@option{-F} is specified by POSIX.)
+
+@item -P
+@itemx --perl-regexp
+@opindex -P
+@opindex --perl-regexp
+@cindex matching Perl-compatible regular expressions
+Interpret the pattern as a Perl-compatible regular expression (PCRE).
+This is highly experimental and
+@samp{grep@ -P} may warn of unimplemented features.
+
+@end table
+
+In addition,
+two variant programs @command{egrep} and @command{fgrep} are available.
+@command{egrep} is the same as @samp{grep@ -E}.
+@command{fgrep} is the same as @samp{grep@ -F}.
+Direct invocation as either
+@command{egrep} or @command{fgrep} is deprecated,
+but is provided to allow historical applications
+that rely on them to run unmodified.
+
+
+@node Regular Expressions
+@chapter Regular Expressions
+@cindex regular expressions
+
+A @dfn{regular expression} is a pattern that describes a set of strings.
+Regular expressions are constructed analogously to arithmetic expressions,
+by using various operators to combine smaller expressions.
+@command{grep} understands
+three different versions of regular expression syntax:
+``basic'' (BRE), ``extended'' (ERE) and ``perl'' (PCRE).
+In GNU @command{grep},
+there is no difference in available functionality between the basic and
+extended syntaxes.
+In other implementations, basic regular expressions are less powerful.
+The following description applies to extended regular expressions;
+differences for basic regular expressions are summarized afterwards.
+Perl-compatible regular expressions give additional functionality, and
+are documented in the @i{pcresyntax}(3) and @i{pcrepattern}(3) manual
+pages, but work only if PCRE is available in the system.
+
+@menu
+* Fundamental Structure::
+* Character Classes and Bracket Expressions::
+* The Backslash Character and Special Expressions::
+* Anchoring::
+* Back-references and Subexpressions::
+* Basic vs Extended::
+@end menu
+
+@node Fundamental Structure
+@section Fundamental Structure
+
+The fundamental building blocks are the regular expressions that match
+a single character.
+Most characters, including all letters and digits,
+are regular expressions that match themselves.
+Any meta-character
+with special meaning may be quoted by preceding it with a backslash.
+
+A regular expression may be followed by one of several
+repetition operators:
+
+@table @samp
+
+@item .
+@opindex .
+@cindex dot
+@cindex period
+The period @samp{.} matches any single character.
+
+@item ?
+@opindex ?
+@cindex question mark
+@cindex match expression at most once
+The preceding item is optional and will be matched at most once.
+
+@item *
+@opindex *
+@cindex asterisk
+@cindex match expression zero or more times
+The preceding item will be matched zero or more times.
+
+@item +
+@opindex +
+@cindex plus sign
+@cindex match expression one or more times
+The preceding item will be matched one or more times.
+
+@item @{@var{n}@}
+@opindex @{@var{n}@}
+@cindex braces, one argument
+@cindex match expression @var{n} times
+The preceding item is matched exactly @var{n} times.
+
+@item @{@var{n},@}
+@opindex @{@var{n},@}
+@cindex braces, second argument omitted
+@cindex match expression @var{n} or more times
+The preceding item is matched @var{n} or more times.
+
+@item @{,@var{m}@}
+@opindex @{,@var{m}@}
+@cindex braces, first argument omitted
+@cindex match expression at most @var{m} times
+The preceding item is matched at most @var{m} times.
+This is a GNU extension.
+
+@item @{@var{n},@var{m}@}
+@opindex @{@var{n},@var{m}@}
+@cindex braces, two arguments
+@cindex match expression from @var{n} to @var{m} times
+The preceding item is matched at least @var{n} times, but not more than
+@var{m} times.
+
+@end table
+
+The empty regular expression matches the empty string.
+Two regular expressions may be concatenated;
+the resulting regular expression
+matches any string formed by concatenating two substrings
+that respectively match the concatenated expressions.
+
+Two regular expressions may be joined by the infix operator @samp{|};
+the resulting regular expression
+matches any string matching either alternate expression.
+
+Repetition takes precedence over concatenation,
+which in turn takes precedence over alternation.
+A whole expression may be enclosed in parentheses
+to override these precedence rules and form a subexpression.
+An unmatched @samp{)} matches just itself.
+
+@node Character Classes and Bracket Expressions
+@section Character Classes and Bracket Expressions
+
+@cindex bracket expression
+@cindex character class
+A @dfn{bracket expression} is a list of characters enclosed by @samp{[} and
+@samp{]}.
+It matches any single character in that list;
+if the first character of the list is the caret @samp{^},
+then it matches any character @strong{not} in the list.
+For example, the regular expression
+@samp{[0123456789]} matches any single digit.
+
+@cindex range expression
+Within a bracket expression, a @dfn{range expression} consists of two
+characters separated by a hyphen.
+It matches any single character that
+sorts between the two characters, inclusive.
+In the default C locale, the sorting sequence is the native character
+order; for example, @samp{[a-d]} is equivalent to @samp{[abcd]}.
+In other locales, the sorting sequence is not specified, and
+@samp{[a-d]} might be equivalent to @samp{[abcd]} or to
+@samp{[aBbCcDd]}, or it might fail to match any character, or the set of
+characters that it matches might even be erratic.
+To obtain the traditional interpretation
+of bracket expressions, you can use the @samp{C} locale by setting the
+@env{LC_ALL} environment variable to the value @samp{C}.
+
+Finally, certain named classes of characters are predefined within
+bracket expressions, as follows.
+Their interpretation depends on the @env{LC_CTYPE} locale;
+for example, @samp{[[:alnum:]]} means the character class of numbers and letters
+in the current locale.
+
+@cindex classes of characters
+@cindex character classes
+@table @samp
+
+@item [:alnum:]
+@opindex alnum @r{character class}
+@cindex alphanumeric characters
+Alphanumeric characters:
+@samp{[:alpha:]} and @samp{[:digit:]}; in the @samp{C} locale and ASCII
+character encoding, this is the same as @samp{[0-9A-Za-z]}.
+
+@item [:alpha:]
+@opindex alpha @r{character class}
+@cindex alphabetic characters
+Alphabetic characters:
+@samp{[:lower:]} and @samp{[:upper:]}; in the @samp{C} locale and ASCII
+character encoding, this is the same as @samp{[A-Za-z]}.
+
+@item [:blank:]
+@opindex blank @r{character class}
+@cindex blank characters
+Blank characters:
+space and tab.
+
+@item [:cntrl:]
+@opindex cntrl @r{character class}
+@cindex control characters
+Control characters.
+In ASCII, these characters have octal codes 000
+through 037, and 177 (DEL).
+In other character sets, these are
+the equivalent characters, if any.
+
+@item [:digit:]
+@opindex digit @r{character class}
+@cindex digit characters
+@cindex numeric characters
+Digits: @code{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9}.
+
+@item [:graph:]
+@opindex graph @r{character class}
+@cindex graphic characters
+Graphical characters:
+@samp{[:alnum:]} and @samp{[:punct:]}.
+
+@item [:lower:]
+@opindex lower @r{character class}
+@cindex lower-case letters
+Lower-case letters; in the @samp{C} locale and ASCII character
+encoding, this is
+@code{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z}.
+
+@item [:print:]
+@opindex print @r{character class}
+@cindex printable characters
+Printable characters:
+@samp{[:alnum:]}, @samp{[:punct:]}, and space.
+
+@item [:punct:]
+@opindex punct @r{character class}
+@cindex punctuation characters
+Punctuation characters; in the @samp{C} locale and ASCII character
+encoding, this is
+@code{!@: " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - .@: / : ; < = > ?@: @@ [ \ ] ^ _ ` @{ | @} ~}.
+
+@item [:space:]
+@opindex space @r{character class}
+@cindex space characters
+@cindex whitespace characters
+Space characters: in the @samp{C} locale, this is
+tab, newline, vertical tab, form feed, carriage return, and space.
+@xref{Usage}, for more discussion of matching newlines.
+
+@item [:upper:]
+@opindex upper @r{character class}
+@cindex upper-case letters
+Upper-case letters: in the @samp{C} locale and ASCII character
+encoding, this is
+@code{A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z}.
+
+@item [:xdigit:]
+@opindex xdigit @r{character class}
+@cindex xdigit class
+@cindex hexadecimal digits
+Hexadecimal digits:
+@code{0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F a b c d e f}.
+
+@end table
+Note that the brackets in these class names are
+part of the symbolic names, and must be included in addition to
+the brackets delimiting the bracket expression.
+
+@anchor{invalid-bracket-expr}
+If you mistakenly omit the outer brackets, and search for say, @samp{[:upper:]},
+GNU @command{grep} prints a diagnostic and exits with status 2, on
+the assumption that you did not intend to search for the nominally
+equivalent regular expression: @samp{[:epru]}.
+Set the @env{POSIXLY_CORRECT} environment variable to disable this feature.
+
+Most meta-characters lose their special meaning inside bracket expressions.
+
+@table @samp
+@item ]
+ends the bracket expression if it's not the first list item.
+So, if you want to make the @samp{]} character a list item,
+you must put it first.
+
+@item [.
+represents the open collating symbol.
+
+@item .]
+represents the close collating symbol.
+
+@item [=
+represents the open equivalence class.
+
+@item =]
+represents the close equivalence class.
+
+@item [:
+represents the open character class symbol, and should be followed by a
+valid character class name.
+
+@item :]
+represents the close character class symbol.
+
+@item -
+represents the range if it's not first or last in a list or the ending point
+of a range.
+
+@item ^
+represents the characters not in the list.
+If you want to make the @samp{^}
+character a list item, place it anywhere but first.
+
+@end table
+
+@node The Backslash Character and Special Expressions
+@section The Backslash Character and Special Expressions
+@cindex backslash
+
+The @samp{\} character,
+when followed by certain ordinary characters,
+takes a special meaning:
+
+@table @samp
+
+@item \b
+Match the empty string at the edge of a word.
+
+@item \B
+Match the empty string provided it's not at the edge of a word.
+
+@item \<
+Match the empty string at the beginning of word.
+
+@item \>
+Match the empty string at the end of word.
+
+@item \w
+Match word constituent, it is a synonym for @samp{[_[:alnum:]]}.
+
+@item \W
+Match non-word constituent, it is a synonym for @samp{[^_[:alnum:]]}.
+
+@item \s
+Match whitespace, it is a synonym for @samp{[[:space:]]}.
+
+@item \S
+Match non-whitespace, it is a synonym for @samp{[^[:space:]]}.
+
+@end table
+
+For example, @samp{\brat\b} matches the separate word @samp{rat},
+@samp{\Brat\B} matches @samp{crate} but not @samp{furry rat}.
+
+@node Anchoring
+@section Anchoring
+@cindex anchoring
+
+The caret @samp{^} and the dollar sign @samp{$} are meta-characters that
+respectively match the empty string at the beginning and end of a line.
+They are termed @dfn{anchors}, since they force the match to be ``anchored''
+to beginning or end of a line, respectively.
+
+@node Back-references and Subexpressions
+@section Back-references and Subexpressions
+@cindex subexpression
+@cindex back-reference
+
+The back-reference @samp{\@var{n}}, where @var{n} is a single digit, matches
+the substring previously matched by the @var{n}th parenthesized subexpression
+of the regular expression.
+For example, @samp{(a)\1} matches @samp{aa}.
+When used with alternation, if the group does not participate in the match then
+the back-reference makes the whole match fail.
+For example, @samp{a(.)|b\1}
+will not match @samp{ba}.
+When multiple regular expressions are given with
+@option{-e} or from a file (@samp{-f @var{file}}),
+back-references are local to each expression.
+
+@node Basic vs Extended
+@section Basic vs Extended Regular Expressions
+@cindex basic regular expressions
+
+In basic regular expressions the meta-characters @samp{?}, @samp{+},
+@samp{@{}, @samp{|}, @samp{(}, and @samp{)} lose their special meaning;
+instead use the backslashed versions @samp{\?}, @samp{\+}, @samp{\@{},
+@samp{\|}, @samp{\(}, and @samp{\)}.
+
+@cindex interval specifications
+Traditional @command{egrep} did not support the @samp{@{} meta-character,
+and some @command{egrep} implementations support @samp{\@{} instead, so
+portable scripts should avoid @samp{@{} in @samp{grep@ -E} patterns and
+should use @samp{[@{]} to match a literal @samp{@{}.
+
+GNU @command{grep@ -E} attempts to support traditional usage by
+assuming that @samp{@{} is not special if it would be the start of an
+invalid interval specification.
+For example, the command
+@samp{grep@ -E@ '@{1'} searches for the two-character string @samp{@{1}
+instead of reporting a syntax error in the regular expression.
+POSIX allows this behavior as an extension, but portable scripts
+should avoid it.
+
+
+@node Usage
+@chapter Usage
+
+@cindex usage, examples
+Here is an example command that invokes GNU @command{grep}:
+
+@example
+grep -i 'hello.*world' menu.h main.c
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+This lists all lines in the files @file{menu.h} and @file{main.c} that
+contain the string @samp{hello} followed by the string @samp{world};
+this is because @samp{.*} matches zero or more characters within a line.
+@xref{Regular Expressions}.
+The @option{-i} option causes @command{grep}
+to ignore case, causing it to match the line @samp{Hello, world!}, which
+it would not otherwise match.
+@xref{Invoking}, for more details about
+how to invoke @command{grep}.
+
+@cindex using @command{grep}, Q&A
+@cindex FAQ about @command{grep} usage
+Here are some common questions and answers about @command{grep} usage.
+
+@enumerate
+
+@item
+How can I list just the names of matching files?
+
+@example
+grep -l 'main' *.c
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+lists the names of all C files in the current directory whose contents
+mention @samp{main}.
+
+@item
+How do I search directories recursively?
+
+@example
+grep -r 'hello' /home/gigi
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+searches for @samp{hello} in all files
+under the @file{/home/gigi} directory.
+For more control over which files are searched,
+use @command{find}, @command{grep}, and @command{xargs}.
+For example, the following command searches only C files:
+
+@example
+find /home/gigi -name '*.c' -print0 | xargs -0r grep -H 'hello'
+@end example
+
+This differs from the command:
+
+@example
+grep -H 'hello' *.c
+@end example
+
+which merely looks for @samp{hello} in all files in the current
+directory whose names end in @samp{.c}.
+The @samp{find ...} command line above is more similar to the command:
+
+@example
+grep -rH --include='*.c' 'hello' /home/gigi
+@end example
+
+@item
+What if a pattern has a leading @samp{-}?
+
+@example
+grep -e '--cut here--' *
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+searches for all lines matching @samp{--cut here--}.
+Without @option{-e},
+@command{grep} would attempt to parse @samp{--cut here--} as a list of
+options.
+
+@item
+Suppose I want to search for a whole word, not a part of a word?
+
+@example
+grep -w 'hello' *
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+searches only for instances of @samp{hello} that are entire words;
+it does not match @samp{Othello}.
+For more control, use @samp{\<} and
+@samp{\>} to match the start and end of words.
+For example:
+
+@example
+grep 'hello\>' *
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+searches only for words ending in @samp{hello}, so it matches the word
+@samp{Othello}.
+
+@item
+How do I output context around the matching lines?
+
+@example
+grep -C 2 'hello' *
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+prints two lines of context around each matching line.
+
+@item
+How do I force @command{grep} to print the name of the file?
+
+Append @file{/dev/null}:
+
+@example
+grep 'eli' /etc/passwd /dev/null
+@end example
+
+gets you:
+
+@example
+/etc/passwd:eli:x:2098:1000:Eli Smith:/home/eli:/bin/bash
+@end example
+
+Alternatively, use @option{-H}, which is a GNU extension:
+
+@example
+grep -H 'eli' /etc/passwd
+@end example
+
+@item
+Why do people use strange regular expressions on @command{ps} output?
+
+@example
+ps -ef | grep '[c]ron'
+@end example
+
+If the pattern had been written without the square brackets, it would
+have matched not only the @command{ps} output line for @command{cron},
+but also the @command{ps} output line for @command{grep}.
+Note that on some platforms,
+@command{ps} limits the output to the width of the screen;
+@command{grep} does not have any limit on the length of a line
+except the available memory.
+
+@item
+Why does @command{grep} report ``Binary file matches''?
+
+If @command{grep} listed all matching ``lines'' from a binary file, it
+would probably generate output that is not useful, and it might even
+muck up your display.
+So GNU @command{grep} suppresses output from
+files that appear to be binary files.
+To force GNU @command{grep}
+to output lines even from files that appear to be binary, use the
+@option{-a} or @samp{--binary-files=text} option.
+To eliminate the
+``Binary file matches'' messages, use the @option{-I} or
+@samp{--binary-files=without-match} option.
+
+@item
+Why doesn't @samp{grep -lv} print non-matching file names?
+
+@samp{grep -lv} lists the names of all files containing one or more
+lines that do not match.
+To list the names of all files that contain no
+matching lines, use the @option{-L} or @option{--files-without-match}
+option.
+
+@item
+I can do ``OR'' with @samp{|}, but what about ``AND''?
+
+@example
+grep 'paul' /etc/motd | grep 'franc,ois'
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+finds all lines that contain both @samp{paul} and @samp{franc,ois}.
+
+@item
+Why does the empty pattern match every input line?
+
+The @command{grep} command searches for lines that contain strings
+that match a pattern.  Every line contains the empty string, so an
+empty pattern causes @command{grep} to find a match on each line.  It
+is not the only such pattern: @samp{^}, @samp{$}, @samp{.*}, and many
+other patterns cause @command{grep} to match every line.
+
+To match empty lines, use the pattern @samp{^$}.  To match blank
+lines, use the pattern @samp{^[[:blank:]]*$}.  To match no lines at
+all, use the command @samp{grep -f /dev/null}.
+
+@item
+How can I search in both standard input and in files?
+
+Use the special file name @samp{-}:
+
+@example
+cat /etc/passwd | grep 'alain' - /etc/motd
+@end example
+
+@item
+@cindex palindromes
+How to express palindromes in a regular expression?
+
+It can be done by using back-references;
+for example,
+a palindrome of 4 characters can be written with a BRE:
+
+@example
+grep -w -e '\(.\)\(.\).\2\1' file
+@end example
+
+It matches the word ``radar'' or ``civic.''
+
+Guglielmo Bondioni proposed a single RE
+that finds all palindromes up to 19 characters long
+using @w{9 subexpressions} and @w{9 back-references}:
+
+@smallexample
+grep -E -e '^(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?)(.?).?\9\8\7\6\5\4\3\2\1$' file
+@end smallexample
+
+Note this is done by using GNU ERE extensions;
+it might not be portable to other implementations of @command{grep}.
+
+@item
+Why is this back-reference failing?
+
+@example
+echo 'ba' | grep -E '(a)\1|b\1'
+@end example
+
+This gives no output, because the first alternate @samp{(a)\1} does not match,
+as there is no @samp{aa} in the input, so the @samp{\1} in the second alternate
+has nothing to refer back to, meaning it will never match anything.
+(The second alternate in this example can only match
+if the first alternate has matched---making the second one superfluous.)
+
+@item
+How can I match across lines?
+
+Standard grep cannot do this, as it is fundamentally line-based.
+Therefore, merely using the @code{[:space:]} character class does not
+match newlines in the way you might expect.
+
+With the GNU @command{grep} option @option{-z} (@option{--null-data}), each
+input ``line'' is terminated by a null byte; @pxref{Other Options}.  Thus,
+you can match newlines in the input, but typically if there is a match
+the entire input is output, so this usage is often combined with
+output-suppressing options like @option{-q}, e.g.:
+
+@example
+printf 'foo\nbar\n' | grep -z -q 'foo[[:space:]]\+bar'
+@end example
+
+If this does not suffice, you can transform the input
+before giving it to @command{grep}, or turn to @command{awk},
+@command{sed}, @command{perl}, or many other utilities that are
+designed to operate across lines.
+
+@item
+What do @command{grep}, @command{fgrep}, and @command{egrep} stand for?
+
+The name @command{grep} comes from the way line editing was done on Unix.
+For example,
+@command{ed} uses the following syntax
+to print a list of matching lines on the screen:
+
+@example
+global/regular expression/print
+g/re/p
+@end example
+
+@command{fgrep} stands for Fixed @command{grep};
+@command{egrep} stands for Extended @command{grep}.
+
+@end enumerate
+
+
+@node Reporting Bugs
+@chapter Reporting bugs
+
+@cindex bugs, reporting
+Bug reports can be found at the
+@url{http://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi/pkgreport.cgi?package=grep,
+GNU bug report logs for @command{grep}}.
+If you find a bug not listed there, please email it to
+@email{bug-grep@@gnu.org} to create a new bug report.
+
+@section Known Bugs
+@cindex Bugs, known
+
+Large repetition counts in the @samp{@{n,m@}} construct may cause
+@command{grep} to use lots of memory.
+In addition, certain other
+obscure regular expressions require exponential time and
+space, and may cause @command{grep} to run out of memory.
+
+Back-references are very slow, and may require exponential time.
+
+
+@node Copying
+@chapter Copying
+@cindex copying
+
+GNU @command{grep} is licensed under the GNU GPL, which makes it @dfn{free
+software}.
+
+The ``free'' in ``free software'' refers to liberty, not price. As
+some GNU project advocates like to point out, think of ``free speech''
+rather than ``free beer''.  In short, you have the right (freedom) to
+run and change @command{grep} and distribute it to other people, and---if you
+want---charge money for doing either.  The important restriction is
+that you have to grant your recipients the same rights and impose the
+same restrictions.
+
+This general method of licensing software is sometimes called
+@dfn{open source}.  The GNU project prefers the term ``free software''
+for reasons outlined at
+@url{http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html}.
+
+This manual is free documentation in the same sense.  The
+documentation license is included below.  The license for the program
+is available with the source code, or at
+@url{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html}.
+
+@menu
+* GNU Free Documentation License::
+@end menu
+
+@node GNU Free Documentation License
+@section GNU Free Documentation License
+
+@include fdl.texi
+
+
+@node Index
+@unnumbered Index
+
+@printindex cp
+
+@bye
diff --git a/doc/stamp-vti b/doc/stamp-vti
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cea4b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/stamp-vti
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+@set UPDATED 13 April 2016
+@set UPDATED-MONTH April 2016
+@set EDITION 2.25
+@set VERSION 2.25
diff --git a/doc/version.texi b/doc/version.texi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cea4b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/version.texi
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+@set UPDATED 13 April 2016
+@set UPDATED-MONTH April 2016
+@set EDITION 2.25
+@set VERSION 2.25