Closed [Issue 1]: now default values are printed if no help message is specified

author: Michele Simionato <michele.simionato@gmail.com> 2011-05-29 09:24:21 +0200
committer: Michele Simionato <michele.simionato@gmail.com> 2011-05-29 09:24:21 +0200
commit: 21a24c746c4bd1f1cddf1de5f3317cf459b75fdb (patch)
tree: b839bc6ca1738995592620f82174b9572479f8ca
parent: 94f7d4f910e33afbff9fed2598daba7fc587d50a (diff)
download: micheles-21a24c746c4bd1f1cddf1de5f3317cf459b75fdb.tar.gz
9 files changed, 2704 insertions, 2696 deletions
diff --git a/plac/CHANGES.txt b/plac/CHANGES.txt
index 3147030..275a7cf 100644
--- a/plac/CHANGES.txt
+++ b/plac/CHANGES.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 HISTORY
 ----------
 
+0.8.2 Default values are now displayed in the help message if no
+      help is specified (2011-05-29)
 0.8.1 Removed a stray newline in the output of plac, as signaled
       by Daniele Pighin; fixed a bug in the doctest method raising
       non-existing exceptions; turned the notification messages into
diff --git a/plac/doc/example5.help b/plac/doc/example5.help
index 0d6a630..ff57733 100644
--- a/plac/doc/example5.help
+++ b/plac/doc/example5.help
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ Do something on the database
 
 positional arguments:
   dsn
-  table
-  today
+  table       [product]
+  today       [YYYY-MM-DD]
 
 optional arguments:
   -h, --help  show this help message and exit
diff --git a/plac/doc/example5.py b/plac/doc/example5.py
index 30c1d87..a2de37c 100644
--- a/plac/doc/example5.py
+++ b/plac/doc/example5.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # example5.py
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import date
 
-def main(dsn, table='product', today=datetime.today()):
+def main(dsn, table='product', today=date.today()):
     "Do something on the database"
     print(dsn, table, today)
 
diff --git a/plac/doc/plac.html b/plac/doc/plac.html
index 76e6935..b470ffe 100644
--- a/plac/doc/plac.html
+++ b/plac/doc/plac.html
@@ -579,10 +579,7 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     main(arg.dsn)
 
 </pre>
-<p>However saving three lines does not justify introducing the external
-dependency: most people will not switch to Python 2.7, which at the time of
-this writing is just about to be released, for many years.
-Moreover, it just feels too complex to instantiate a class and to
+<p>However, it just feels too complex to instantiate a class and to
 define a parser by hand for such a trivial task.</p>
 <p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/plac">plac</a> module is designed to manage well such use cases, and it is able
 to reduce the original nine lines of boiler plate to two lines. With the
@@ -661,14 +658,16 @@ Do something on the database
 
 positional arguments:
   dsn
-  table
-  today
+  table       [product]
+  today       [YYYY-MM-DD]
 
 optional arguments:
   -h, --help  show this help message and exit
 
 </pre>
-<p><a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/plac">plac</a> manages transparently even the case when you want to pass a
+<p>Notice that by default <a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/plac">plac</a> prints the string representation
+of the default values (with square brackets) in the usage message.
+<a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/plac">plac</a> manages transparently even the case when you want to pass a
 variable number of arguments. Here is an example, a script running
 on a database a series of SQL scripts:</p>
 <pre class="literal-block">
@@ -703,7 +702,7 @@ optional arguments:
 the command-line arguments parser to use from the signature of the main
 function</em>. This is the whole idea behind <a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/plac">plac</a>: if the intent is clear,
 let's the machine take care of the details.</p>
-<p><a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/plac">plac</a> is inspired to an old Python Cookbook recipe (<a class="reference external" href="http://code.activestate.com/recipes/278844-parsing-the-command-line/">optionparse</a>), in
+<p><a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/plac">plac</a> is inspired to an old Python Cookbook recipe of mine (<a class="reference external" href="http://code.activestate.com/recipes/278844-parsing-the-command-line/">optionparse</a>), in
 the sense that it delivers the programmer from the burden of writing
 the parser, but is less of a hack: instead of extracting the parser
 from the docstring of the module, it extracts it from the signature of
diff --git a/plac/doc/plac.pdf b/plac/doc/plac.pdf
index 5ba982c..86a9e54 100644
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+++ b/plac/doc/plac.pdf
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+BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (# example6.py) Tj T* (def main\(dsn, command: \("SQL query", 'option'\)\):) Tj T* ET
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 1.724987 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (If the option is not passed, the variable ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (command ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (will get the value ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (None) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. However, it is possible to) Tj T* 0 Tw (specify a non-trivial default. Here is an example:) Tj T* ET
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Notice that the default value appears in the help message:) Tj T* ET
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@@ -7203,13 +7240,29 @@ Q
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm .815542 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (plac ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (is able to recognize flags, i.e. boolean options which are ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (True ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (if they are passed to the command) Tj T* 0 Tw (line and ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (False ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (if they are absent. Here is an example:) Tj T* ET
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 .96447 0 0 .96447 0 0 cm
@@ -7279,7 +7316,7 @@ Q
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+1 0 0 1 62.69291 425.7299 cm
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 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm
@@ -7300,7 +7337,7 @@ Q
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 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm
@@ -7321,37 +7358,53 @@ Q
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-1 0 0 1 62.69291 385.7299 cm
+1 0 0 1 62.69291 336.5299 cm
 q
 BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm .31408 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Notice that it is an error trying to specify a default for flags: the default value for a flag is always ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (False) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. If) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.652485 Tw (you feel the need to implement non-boolean flags, you should use an option with two choices, as) Tj T* 0 Tw (explained in the "more features" section.) Tj T* ET
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+1 0 0 1 62.69291 270.5299 cm
 q
 BT 1 0 0 1 0 50 Tm 5.832651 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (For consistency with the way the usage message is printed, I suggest you to follow the) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.895433 Tw (Flag-Option-Required-Default \(FORD\) convention: in the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (main ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (function write first the flag arguments,) Tj T* 0 Tw .881235 Tw (then the option arguments, then the required arguments and finally the default arguments. This is just a) Tj T* 0 Tw .110574 Tw (convention and you are not forced to use it, except for the default arguments \(including the varargs\) which) Tj T* 0 Tw (must stay at the end as it is required by the Python syntax.) Tj T* ET
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm .897045 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (I also suggests to specify a one-character abbreviation for flags: in this way you can use the GNU-style) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.034431 Tw (composition of flags \(i.e. ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (-zxvf ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is an abbreviation of ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (-z -x -v -f) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\). I usually do not provide the) Tj T* 0 Tw (one-character abbreviation for options, since it does not make sense to compose them.) Tj T* ET
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+1 0 0 1 62.69291 198.5299 cm
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 3 Tm 18 TL /F2 15 Tf 0 0 0 rg (plac for Python 2.X users) Tj T* ET
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 50 Tm .211807 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (I do not use Python 3. At work we are just starting to think about migrating to Python 2.6. It will take years) Tj T* 0 Tw .304724 Tw (before we think to migrate to Python 3. I am pretty much sure most Pythonistas are in the same situation.) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.459984 Tw (Therefore ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (plac ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (provides a way to work with function annotations even in Python 2.X \(including Python) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.692339 Tw (2.3\). There is no magic involved; you just need to add the annotations by hand. For instance the) Tj T* 0 Tw (annotated function declaration) Tj T* ET
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@@ -7372,30 +7425,14 @@ Q
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 0 0 0 rg
 BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (is equivalent to the following code:) Tj T* ET
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-q
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@@ -7416,13 +7453,13 @@ Q
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-1 0 0 1 62.69291 647.8236 cm
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm .536098 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (One should be careful to match the keys of the annotation dictionary with the names of the arguments in) Tj T* 0 Tw 3.347485 Tw (the annotated function; for lazy people with Python 2.4 available the simplest way is to use the) Tj T* 0 Tw /F3 10 Tf (plac.annotations ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (decorator that performs the check for you:) Tj T* ET
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 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm
@@ -7443,28 +7480,28 @@ Q
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 1.846077 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (In the rest of this article I will assume that you are using Python 2.X with X >) Tj (= 4 and I will use the) Tj T* 0 Tw /F3 10 Tf (plac.annotations ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (decorator. Notice however that the core features of ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (plac ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (run even on Python 2.3.) Tj T* ET
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-1 0 0 1 62.69291 504.6236 cm
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 3 Tm 18 TL /F2 15 Tf 0 0 0 rg (More features) Tj T* ET
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm 1.483488 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (One of the goals of ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (plac ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (is to have a learning curve of ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (minutes ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (for its core features, compared to the) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.152093 Tw (learning curve of ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (hours ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (of ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (argparse) Tj 0 0 0 rg (. In order to reach this goal, I have ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (not ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (sacrificed all the features of) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.89936 Tw 0 0 .501961 rg (argparse) Tj 0 0 0 rg (. Actually a lot of ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (argparse ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (power persists in ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (plac) Tj 0 0 0 rg (. Until now, I have only showed simple) Tj T* 0 Tw (annotations, but in general an annotation is a 6-tuple of the form) Tj T* ET
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@@ -7479,54 +7516,54 @@ q
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 1.068735 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (where ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (help ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is the help message, ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (kind ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is a string in the set { ) Tj /F3 10 Tf ("flag") Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F3 10 Tf ("option") Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F3 10 Tf ("positional") Tj /F1 10 Tf (},) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.579431 Tw /F3 10 Tf (abbrev ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is a one-character string or ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (None) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (type ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is a callable taking a string in input, ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (choices ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is a) Tj T* 0 Tw (discrete sequence of values and ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (metavar ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is a string.) Tj T* ET
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 1.05061 Tw 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (type ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is used to automagically convert the command line arguments from the string type to any Python) Tj T* 0 Tw (type; by default there is no conversion and ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (type=None) Tj /F1 10 Tf (.) Tj T* ET
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 2.904692 Tw 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (choices ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is used to restrict the number of the valid options; by default there is no restriction i.e.) Tj T* 0 Tw /F3 10 Tf (choices=None) Tj /F1 10 Tf (.) Tj T* ET
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 62 Tm 1.171163 Tw 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (metavar ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (has two meanings. For a positional argument it is used to change the argument name in the) Tj T* 0 Tw .352209 Tw (usage message \(and only there\). By default the metavar is ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (None ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and the name in the usage message is) Tj T* 0 Tw .752339 Tw (the same as the argument name. For an option the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (metavar ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is used differently in the usage message,) Tj T* 0 Tw .802927 Tw (which has now the form ) Tj /F3 10 Tf ([--option-name METAVAR]) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. If the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (metavar ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (None) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, then it is equal to the) Tj T* 0 Tw .50683 Tw (uppercased name of the argument, unless the argument has a default and in such a case is equal to the) Tj T* 0 Tw (stringified form of the default.) Tj T* ET
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-1 0 0 1 62.69291 234.6236 cm
+1 0 0 1 62.69291 169.4236 cm
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Here is an example showing many of the features \(copied from the ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (argparse ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (documentation\):) Tj T* ET
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-1 0 0 1 6.6 6.758862 cm
+1 0 0 1 6.6 6.6 cm
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 .662745 .662745 .662745 RG
 .5 w
 .960784 .960784 .862745 rg
-n -6 -6 480 132 re B*
+n -6 -6 468.6898 60 re B*
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 110 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (# example10.py) Tj T* (import plac) Tj T*  T* (@plac.annotations\() Tj T* (operator=\("The name of an operator", 'positional', None, str, ['add', 'mul']\),) Tj T* (numbers=\("A number", 'positional', None, float, None, "n"\)\)) Tj T* (def main\(operator, *numbers\):) Tj T* (    "A script to add and multiply numbers") Tj T* (    if operator == 'mul':) Tj T* (        op = float.__mul__) Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (# example10.py) Tj T* (import plac) Tj T*  T* (@plac.annotations\() Tj T* ET
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 .662745 .662745 .662745 RG
 .5 w
 .960784 .960784 .862745 rg
-n -6 -6 468.6898 132 re B*
+n -6 -6 480 204 re B*
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 110 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (        result = 1.0) Tj T* (    else: # operator == 'add') Tj T* (        op = float.__add__) Tj T* (        result = 0.0) Tj T* (    for n in numbers:) Tj T* (        result = op\(result, n\)) Tj T* (    return result) Tj T*  T* (if __name__ == '__main__':) Tj T* (    print\(plac.call\(main\)\)) Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 182 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (operator=\("The name of an operator", 'positional', None, str, ['add', 'mul']\),) Tj T* (numbers=\("A number", 'positional', None, float, None, "n"\)\)) Tj T* (def main\(operator, *numbers\):) Tj T* (    "A script to add and multiply numbers") Tj T* (    if operator == 'mul':) Tj T* (        op = float.__mul__) Tj T* (        result = 1.0) Tj T* (    else: # operator == 'add') Tj T* (        op = float.__add__) Tj T* (        result = 0.0) Tj T* (    for n in numbers:) Tj T* (        result = op\(result, n\)) Tj T* (    return result) Tj T*  T* (if __name__ == '__main__':) Tj T* (    print\(plac.call\(main\)\)) Tj T* ET
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+1 0 0 1 62.69291 544.6467 cm
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 0 0 0 rg
 BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Here is the usage:) Tj T* ET
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+1 0 0 1 62.69291 403.4467 cm
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 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm
@@ -7598,13 +7635,13 @@ Q
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-1 0 0 1 62.69291 438.6236 cm
+1 0 0 1 62.69291 371.4467 cm
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm .15186 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Notice that the docstring of the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (main ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (function has been automatically added to the usage message. Here) Tj T* 0 Tw (are a couple of examples of use:) Tj T* ET
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+1 0 0 1 62.69291 278.108 cm
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 .87797 0 0 .87797 0 0 cm
@@ -7625,13 +7662,13 @@ Q
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-1 0 0 1 62.69291 325.2849 cm
+1 0 0 1 62.69291 258.108 cm
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+1 0 0 1 62.69291 200.908 cm
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@@ -7651,13 +7688,13 @@ Q
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+1 0 0 1 62.69291 180.908 cm
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+1 0 0 1 62.69291 99.70797 cm
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@@ -7677,18 +7714,6 @@ Q
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-1 0 0 1 62.69291 122.8849 cm
-q
-BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm .158409 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Internally ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac.call ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (tries to convert the output of the main function into a list, if possible. If the output is) Tj T* 0 Tw .725703 Tw (not iterable or it is a string, it is left unchanged, but if it is iterable it is converted. In particular, generator) Tj T* 0 Tw (objects are exhausted by ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac.call) Tj /F1 10 Tf (.) Tj T* ET
-Q
-Q
-q
-1 0 0 1 62.69291 92.8849 cm
-q
-BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 1.450751 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (This behavior avoids mistakes like forgetting of applying ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (list\(result\) ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (to the result of ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac.call) Tj /F1 10 Tf (;) Tj T* 0 Tw (moreover it makes errors visible early, and avoids mistakes in code like the following:) Tj T* ET
-Q
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@@ -7698,14 +7723,26 @@ Q
  
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+BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm .158409 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Internally ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac.call ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (tries to convert the output of the main function into a list, if possible. If the output is) Tj T* 0 Tw .725703 Tw (not iterable or it is a string, it is left unchanged, but if it is iterable it is converted. In particular, generator) Tj T* 0 Tw (objects are exhausted by ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac.call) Tj /F1 10 Tf (.) Tj T* ET
+Q
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+BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 1.450751 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (This behavior avoids mistakes like forgetting of applying ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (list\(result\) ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (to the result of ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac.call) Tj /F1 10 Tf (;) Tj T* 0 Tw (moreover it makes errors visible early, and avoids mistakes in code like the following:) Tj T* ET
+Q
+Q
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@@ -7726,20 +7763,20 @@ Q
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+1 0 0 1 62.69291 597.8236 cm
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 0 0 0 rg
 BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 3.122126 Tw (Without the "listify" functionality, a main function returning a generator object would not raise any) Tj T* 0 Tw (exception until the generator is iterated over.) Tj T* ET
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-1 0 0 1 62.69291 641.8236 cm
+1 0 0 1 62.69291 567.8236 cm
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm .647262 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (If you are a fan of lazyness, you can still have it by setting the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (eager ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (flag to ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (False) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, as in the following) Tj T* 0 Tw (example:) Tj T* ET
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-1 0 0 1 62.69291 596.6236 cm
+1 0 0 1 62.69291 522.6236 cm
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 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm
@@ -7760,25 +7797,25 @@ Q
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-1 0 0 1 62.69291 564.6236 cm
+1 0 0 1 62.69291 490.6236 cm
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 1.35528 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (If ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (main ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (returns a generator object this example will print each line as soon as available, whereas the) Tj T* 0 Tw (default behaviour is to print all the lines together and the end of the computation.) Tj T* ET
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-1 0 0 1 62.69291 534.6236 cm
+1 0 0 1 62.69291 460.6236 cm
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 3 Tm 18 TL /F2 15 Tf 0 0 0 rg (A realistic example) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 338 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (# dbcli.py) Tj T* (import plac) Tj T* (from sqlalchemy.ext.sqlsoup import SqlSoup) Tj T*  T* (@plac.annotations\() Tj T* (    db=\("Connection string", 'positional', None, SqlSoup\),) Tj T* (    header=\("Header", 'flag', 'H'\),) Tj T* (    sqlcmd=\("SQL command", 'option', 'c', str, None, "SQL"\),) Tj T* (    delimiter=\("Column separator", 'option', 'd'\),) Tj T* (    scripts="SQL scripts",) Tj T* (    \)) Tj T* (def main\(db, header, sqlcmd, delimiter="|", *scripts\):) Tj T* (    "A script to run queries and SQL scripts on a database") Tj T* (    yield 'Working on %s' % db.bind.url) Tj T*  T* (    if sqlcmd:) Tj T* (        result = db.bind.execute\(sqlcmd\)) Tj T* (        if header: # print the header) Tj T* (            yield delimiter.join\(result.keys\(\)\)) Tj T* (        for row in result: # print the rows) Tj T* (            yield delimiter.join\(map\(str, row\)\)) Tj T*  T* (    for script in scripts:) Tj T* (        db.bind.execute\(file\(script\).read\(\)\)) Tj T* (        yield 'executed %s' % script) Tj T*  T* (if __name__ == '__main__':) Tj T* (    for output in plac.call\(main\):) Tj T* (        print\(output\)) Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 290 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (# dbcli.py) Tj T* (import plac) Tj T* (from sqlalchemy.ext.sqlsoup import SqlSoup) Tj T*  T* (@plac.annotations\() Tj T* (    db=\("Connection string", 'positional', None, SqlSoup\),) Tj T* (    header=\("Header", 'flag', 'H'\),) Tj T* (    sqlcmd=\("SQL command", 'option', 'c', str, None, "SQL"\),) Tj T* (    delimiter=\("Column separator", 'option', 'd'\),) Tj T* (    scripts="SQL scripts",) Tj T* (    \)) Tj T* (def main\(db, header, sqlcmd, delimiter="|", *scripts\):) Tj T* (    "A script to run queries and SQL scripts on a database") Tj T* (    yield 'Working on %s' % db.bind.url) Tj T*  T* (    if sqlcmd:) Tj T* (        result = db.bind.execute\(sqlcmd\)) Tj T* (        if header: # print the header) Tj T* (            yield delimiter.join\(result.keys\(\)\)) Tj T* (        for row in result: # print the rows) Tj T* (            yield delimiter.join\(map\(str, row\)\)) Tj T*  T* (    for script in scripts:) Tj T* (        db.bind.execute\(file\(script\).read\(\)\)) Tj T* (        yield 'executed %s' % script) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm .049987 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (You can see the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (yield-is-print ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (pattern here: instead of using ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (print ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (in the main function, I use ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (yield) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, and ) Tj T* 0 Tw 3.55061 Tw (I perform the print in the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (__main__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (block. The advantage of the pattern is that tests invoking) Tj T* 0 Tw ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm .52936 Tw 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (plac.call ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and checking the result become trivial: had I performed the printing in the main function, the) Tj T* 0 Tw (test would have involved an ugly hack like redirecting ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (sys.stdout ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (to a ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (StringIO ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (object.) Tj T* ET
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+BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm .049987 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (You can see the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (yield-is-print ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (pattern here: instead of using ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (print ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (in the main function, I use ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (yield) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, and) Tj T* 0 Tw 3.55061 Tw (I perform the print in the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (__main__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (block. The advantage of the pattern is that tests invoking) Tj T* 0 Tw .52936 Tw /F3 10 Tf (plac.call ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and checking the result become trivial: had I performed the printing in the main function, the) Tj T* 0 Tw (test would have involved an ugly hack like redirecting ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (sys.stdout ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (to a ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (StringIO ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (object.) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (  -h, --help  show this help message and exit) Tj T* (  -opt OPT    some option) Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 98 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (usage: example12.py [-h] [-opt OPT] [args [args ...]] [kw [kw ...]]) Tj T*  T* (positional arguments:) Tj T* (  args        default arguments) Tj T* (  kw          keyword arguments) Tj T*  T* (optional arguments:) Tj T* (  -h, --help  show this help message and exit) Tj T* (  -opt OPT    some option) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 302 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (# ishelve.py) Tj T* (import os, shelve, plac) Tj T*  T* (DEFAULT_SHELVE = os.path.expanduser\('~/conf.shelve'\)) Tj T*  T* (@plac.annotations\() Tj T* (    help=\('show help', 'flag'\),) Tj T* (    showall=\('show all parameters in the shelve', 'flag'\),) Tj T* (    clear=\('clear the shelve', 'flag'\),) Tj T* (    delete=\('delete an element', 'option'\),) Tj T* (    filename=\('filename of the shelve', 'option'\),) Tj T* (    params='names of the parameters in the shelve',) Tj T* (    setters='setters param=value'\)) Tj T* (def main\(help, showall, clear, delete, filename=DEFAULT_SHELVE,) Tj T* (         *params, **setters\):) Tj T* (    "A simple interface to a shelve. Use .help to see the available commands.") Tj T* (    sh = shelve.open\(filename\)) Tj T* (    try:) Tj T* (        if not any\([help, showall, clear, delete, params, setters]\):) Tj T* (            yield 'no arguments passed, use .help to see the available commands') Tj T* (        elif help: # custom help) Tj T* (            yield 'Commands: .help, .showall, .clear, .delete') Tj T* (            yield ') Tj (<) Tj (param) Tj (>) Tj ( ...') Tj T* (            yield ') Tj (<) Tj (param=value) Tj (>) Tj ( ...') Tj T* (        elif showall:) Tj T* (            for param, name in sh.items\(\):) Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 218 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (# ishelve.py) Tj T* (import os, shelve, plac) Tj T*  T* (DEFAULT_SHELVE = os.path.expanduser\('~/conf.shelve'\)) Tj T*  T* (@plac.annotations\() Tj T* (    help=\('show help', 'flag'\),) Tj T* (    showall=\('show all parameters in the shelve', 'flag'\),) Tj T* (    clear=\('clear the shelve', 'flag'\),) Tj T* (    delete=\('delete an element', 'option'\),) Tj T* (    filename=\('filename of the shelve', 'option'\),) Tj T* (    params='names of the parameters in the shelve',) Tj T* (    setters='setters param=value'\)) Tj T* (def main\(help, showall, clear, delete, filename=DEFAULT_SHELVE,) Tj T* (         *params, **setters\):) Tj T* (    "A simple interface to a shelve. Use .help to see the available commands.") Tj T* (    sh = shelve.open\(filename\)) Tj T* (    try:) Tj T* (        if not any\([help, showall, clear, delete, params, setters]\):) Tj T* ET
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 1.49436 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (For instance, you can define an interactive interpreter on top of the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (ishelve ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (script introduced in the) Tj T* 0 Tw 0 0 .501961 rg (basic documentation ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (as follows:) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 170 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (# shelve_interpreter.py) Tj T* (import plac, ishelve) Tj T*  T* (@plac.annotations\() Tj T* (    interactive=\('start interactive interface', 'flag'\),) Tj T* (    subcommands='the commands of the underlying ishelve interpreter'\)) Tj T* (def main\(interactive, *subcommands\):) Tj T* (    """) Tj T* (    This script works both interactively and non-interactively.) Tj T* (    Use .help to see the internal commands.) Tj T* (    """) Tj T* (    if interactive:) Tj T* (        plac.Interpreter\(ishelve.main\).interact\(\)) Tj T* (    else:) Tj T* (        for out in plac.call\(ishelve.main, subcommands\):) Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 86 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (# shelve_interpreter.py) Tj T* (import plac, ishelve) Tj T*  T* (@plac.annotations\() Tj T* (    interactive=\('start interactive interface', 'flag'\),) Tj T* (    subcommands='the commands of the underlying ishelve interpreter'\)) Tj T* (def main\(interactive, *subcommands\):) Tj T* (    """) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (            print\(out\)) Tj T*  T* (if __name__ == '__main__':) Tj T* (    plac.call\(main\)) Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 122 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (    This script works both interactively and non-interactively.) Tj T* (    Use .help to see the internal commands.) Tj T* (    """) Tj T* (    if interactive:) Tj T* (        plac.Interpreter\(ishelve.main\).interact\(\)) Tj T* (    else:) Tj T* (        for out in plac.call\(ishelve.main, subcommands\):) Tj T* (            print\(out\)) Tj T*  T* (if __name__ == '__main__':) Tj T* (    plac.call\(main\)) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 242 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ($ python shelve_interpreter.py -i # interactive use) Tj T* (A simple interface to a shelve. Use .help to see the available commands.) Tj T* (i) Tj (>) Tj ( .help) Tj T* (Commands: .help, .showall, .clear, .delete) Tj T* (<) Tj (param) Tj (>) Tj ( ...) Tj T* (<) Tj (param=value) Tj (>) Tj ( ...) Tj T* (i) Tj (>) Tj ( a=1) Tj T* (setting a=1) Tj T* (i) Tj (>) Tj ( a) Tj T* (1) Tj T* (i) Tj (>) Tj ( b=2) Tj T* (setting b=2) Tj T* (i) Tj (>) Tj ( a b) Tj T* (1) Tj T* (2) Tj T* (i) Tj (>) Tj ( .del a) Tj T* (deleted a) Tj T* (i) Tj (>) Tj ( a) Tj T* (a: not found) Tj T* (i) Tj (>) Tj ( .show) Tj T* (b=2) Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 158 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ($ python shelve_interpreter.py -i # interactive use) Tj T* (A simple interface to a shelve. Use .help to see the available commands.) Tj T* (i) Tj (>) Tj ( .help) Tj T* (Commands: .help, .showall, .clear, .delete) Tj T* (<) Tj (param) Tj (>) Tj ( ...) Tj T* (<) Tj (param=value) Tj (>) Tj ( ...) Tj T* (i) Tj (>) Tj ( a=1) Tj T* (setting a=1) Tj T* (i) Tj (>) Tj ( a) Tj T* (1) Tj T* (i) Tj (>) Tj ( b=2) Tj T* (setting b=2) Tj T* (i) Tj (>) Tj ( a b) Tj T* (1) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 122 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (# test_ishelve_more.py) Tj T* (from __future__ import with_statement) Tj T* (import plac, ishelve) Tj T*  T* (def test\(\):) Tj T* (    with plac.Interpreter\(ishelve.main\) as i:) Tj T* (        i.check\('.clear', 'cleared the shelve'\)) Tj T* (        i.check\('a=1', 'setting a=1'\)) Tj T* (        i.check\('a', '1'\)) Tj T* (        i.check\('.delete=a', 'deleted a'\)) Tj T* (        i.check\('a', 'a: not found'\)) Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 98 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (# test_ishelve_more.py) Tj T* (from __future__ import with_statement) Tj T* (import plac, ishelve) Tj T*  T* (def test\(\):) Tj T* (    with plac.Interpreter\(ishelve.main\) as i:) Tj T* (        i.check\('.clear', 'cleared the shelve'\)) Tj T* (        i.check\('a=1', 'setting a=1'\)) Tj T* (        i.check\('a', '1'\)) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm 6.299974 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The method ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (.check\(given_input, expected_output\) ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (works on strings and raises an) Tj T* 0 Tw .971318 Tw /F3 10 Tf (AssertionError ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (if the output produced by the interpreter is different from the expected output for the) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.186905 Tw (given input. Notice that ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (AssertionError ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is catched by tools like ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (py.test ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (nosetests ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and) Tj T* 0 Tw (actually ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (tests are intended to be run with such tools.) Tj T* ET
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+BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm 6.299974 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The method ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (.check\(given_input, expected_output\) ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (works on strings and raises an) Tj T* 0 Tw .971318 Tw /F3 10 Tf (AssertionError ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (if the output produced by the interpreter is different from the expected output for the) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.186905 Tw (given input. Notice that ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (AssertionError ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is catched by tools like ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (py.test ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (nosetests ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and) Tj T* 0 Tw (actually ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (tests are intended to be run with such tools.) Tj T* ET
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 1.422651 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (There is a second advantage of interpreters: if the main function contains some initialization code and) Tj T* 0 Tw .454651 Tw (finalization code \() Tj /F3 10 Tf (__enter__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (__exit__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (functions\) they will be run only once at the beginning and) Tj T* 0 Tw (at the end of the interpreter loop. ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac.call ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (instead ignores the initialization/finalization code.) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm .175868 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (You should realize tha the easy tests supported by ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (are ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (not ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (unittests: they are functional tests. They) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.22936 Tw (model then user interaction and the order of the operations generally matters. The single subtests in a) Tj T* 0 Tw /F3 10 Tf (.placet ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (file are not independent and it makes sense to exit immediately at the first failure.) Tj T* ET
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+BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm .175868 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (You should realize tha the easy tests supported by ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (are ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (not ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (unittests: they are functional tests. They) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.22936 Tw (model then user interaction and the order of the operations generally matters. The single subtests in a) Tj T* 0 Tw /F3 10 Tf (.placet ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (file are not independent and it makes sense to exit immediately at the first failure.) Tj T* ET
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm .136654 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (In addition, I have implemented from scratch some support for line number recognition, so that if a test fail) Tj T* 0 Tw .042093 Tw (you get the line number of the failing command. This is especially useful if your tests are stored in external) Tj T* 0 Tw .610898 Tw (files, even if plac easy tests does not need to be in a file: you can just pass to the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (.doctest ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (method a) Tj T* 0 Tw (list of strings corresponding to the lines of the file.) Tj T* ET
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 1.447318 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (It is straighforward to integrate your ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (.placet ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (tests with standard testing tools. For instance, you can) Tj T* 0 Tw (integrate your doctests with ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (nose ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (or ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (py.test ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (as follow:) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 1.239318 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The exception is the case of invalid commands, which are skipped. Consider for instance the following) Tj T* 0 Tw (batch file, which contains a mispelled command \() Tj /F3 10 Tf (.dl ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (instead of ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (.del) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\):) Tj T* ET
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+BT 1 0 0 1 0 74 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (#!ishelve.py) Tj T* (.clear ) Tj T* (a=1 b=2) Tj T* (.show) Tj T* (.del a) Tj T* (.dl b) Tj T* (.show) Tj T* ET
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 1.939461 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (If you execute the batch file, the interpreter will print a ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (.dl: not found ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (at the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (.dl ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (line and will) Tj T* 0 Tw (continue:) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 62 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (# ishelve2.py) Tj T* (import shelve, os, sys, plac) Tj T*  T* (class ShelveInterface\(object\):) Tj T* (    "A minimal interface over a shelve object.") Tj T* (    commands = 'set', 'show', 'showall', 'delete') Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (# ishelve2.py) Tj T* (import shelve, os, sys, plac) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 434 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (    @plac.annotations\() Tj T* (        configfile=\('path name of the shelve', 'option'\)\)) Tj T* (    def __init__\(self, configfile\):) Tj T* (        self.configfile = configfile or '~/conf.shelve') Tj T* (        self.fname = os.path.expanduser\(self.configfile\)) Tj T* (        self.__doc__ += '\\nOperating on %s.\\n.help to see '\\) Tj T* (            'the available commands.\\n'  % self.fname) Tj T* (    def __enter__\(self\):) Tj T* (        self.sh = shelve.open\(self.fname\)) Tj T* (        return self) Tj T* (    def __exit__\(self, etype, exc, tb\):) Tj T* (        self.sh.close\(\)) Tj T* (    def set\(self, name, value\):) Tj T* (        "set name value") Tj T* (        yield 'setting %s=%s' % \(name, value\)) Tj T* (        self.sh[name] = value) Tj T* (    def show\(self, *names\):) Tj T* (        "show given parameters") Tj T* (        for name in names:) Tj T* (            yield '%s = %s' % \(name, self.sh[name]\) # no error checking) Tj T* (    def showall\(self\):) Tj T* (        "show all parameters") Tj T* (        for name in self.sh:) Tj T* (            yield '%s = %s' % \(name, self.sh[name]\)) Tj T* (    def delete\(self, name=None\):) Tj T* (        "delete given parameter \(or everything\)") Tj T* (        if name is None:) Tj T* (            yield 'deleting everything') Tj T* (            self.sh.clear\(\)) Tj T* (        else:) Tj T* (            yield 'deleting %s' % name) Tj T* (            del self.sh[name] # no error checking) Tj T*  T* (main = ShelveInterface # useful for the tests) Tj T*  T* (if __name__ == '__main__':) Tj T* (    plac.Interpreter.call\(ShelveInterface\)) Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 482 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL  T* (class ShelveInterface\(object\):) Tj T* (    "A minimal interface over a shelve object.") Tj T* (    commands = 'set', 'show', 'showall', 'delete') Tj T* (    @plac.annotations\() Tj T* (        configfile=\('path name of the shelve', 'option'\)\)) Tj T* (    def __init__\(self, configfile\):) Tj T* (        self.configfile = configfile or '~/conf.shelve') Tj T* (        self.fname = os.path.expanduser\(self.configfile\)) Tj T* (        self.__doc__ += '\\nOperating on %s.\\n.help to see '\\) Tj T* (            'the available commands.\\n'  % self.fname) Tj T* (    def __enter__\(self\):) Tj T* (        self.sh = shelve.open\(self.fname\)) Tj T* (        return self) Tj T* (    def __exit__\(self, etype, exc, tb\):) Tj T* (        self.sh.close\(\)) Tj T* (    def set\(self, name, value\):) Tj T* (        "set name value") Tj T* (        yield 'setting %s=%s' % \(name, value\)) Tj T* (        self.sh[name] = value) Tj T* (    def show\(self, *names\):) Tj T* (        "show given parameters") Tj T* (        for name in names:) Tj T* (            yield '%s = %s' % \(name, self.sh[name]\) # no error checking) Tj T* (    def showall\(self\):) Tj T* (        "show all parameters") Tj T* (        for name in self.sh:) Tj T* (            yield '%s = %s' % \(name, self.sh[name]\)) Tj T* (    def delete\(self, name=None\):) Tj T* (        "delete given parameter \(or everything\)") Tj T* (        if name is None:) Tj T* (            yield 'deleting everything') Tj T* (            self.sh.clear\(\)) Tj T* (        else:) Tj T* (            yield 'deleting %s' % name) Tj T* (            del self.sh[name] # no error checking) Tj T*  T* (main = ShelveInterface # useful for the tests) Tj T*  T* (if __name__ == '__main__':) Tj T* (    plac.Interpreter.call\(ShelveInterface\)) Tj T* ET
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 74 Tm .885366 Tw 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (plac.Interpreter ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (objects wrap context manager objects consistently. In other words, if you wrap an) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.323828 Tw (object with ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (__enter__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (__exit__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (methods, they are invoked in the right order \() Tj /F3 10 Tf (__enter__) Tj T* 0 Tw .23528 Tw /F1 10 Tf (before the interpreter loop starts and ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (__exit__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (after the interpreter loop ends, both in the regular and in) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.916412 Tw (the exceptional case\). In our example, the methods ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (__enter__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (__exit__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (make sure the the) Tj T* 0 Tw .339398 Tw (shelve is opened and closed correctly even in the case of exceptions. Notice that I have not implemented) Tj T* 0 Tw .814104 Tw (any error checking in the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (show ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (delete ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (methods on purpose, to verify that ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (plac ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (works correctly in) Tj T* 0 Tw (the presence of exceptions.) Tj T* ET
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-q
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Here is a session of usage on an Unix-like operating system:) Tj T* ET
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+BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Here is a session of usage on an Unix-like operating system:) Tj T* ET
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@@ -9761,25 +9792,25 @@ Q
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 3 Tm 18 TL /F2 15 Tf 0 0 0 rg (plac.Interpreter.call) Tj T* ET
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+1 0 0 1 62.69291 250.0679 cm
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm .10104 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (At the core of ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (there is the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (call ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (function which invokes a callable with the list of arguments passed) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.238443 Tw (at the command-line \() Tj /F3 10 Tf (sys.argv[1:]) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\). Thanks to ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac.call ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (you can launch your module by simply) Tj T* 0 Tw (adding the lines:) Tj T* ET
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@@ -9800,13 +9831,13 @@ Q
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm .873988 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Moreover, now the program runs, but only in interactive mode, i.e. it is not possible to run it as a script. ) Tj T* 0 Tw .097882 Tw (Instead, it would be nice to be able to specify the command to execute on the command-line and have the) Tj T* 0 Tw ET
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 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm  BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 62 Tm 4.08229 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (interpreter start, execute the command and finish properly \(I mean by calling ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (__enter__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and) Tj T* 0 Tw .100574 Tw /F3 10 Tf (__exit__) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\) without needing user input. Then the script could be called from a batch shell script working in) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.26816 Tw (the background. In order to provide such functionality ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac.Interpreter ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (provides a classmethod) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.173318 Tw (named ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (.call ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (which takes the factory, instantiates it with the arguments read from the command line,) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.517045 Tw (wraps the resulting container object as an interpreter and runs it with the rest arguments found in the) Tj T* 0 Tw (command line. Here is the code to turn the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (ShelveInterface ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (into a script) Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 86 Tm .873988 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Moreover, now the program runs, but only in interactive mode, i.e. it is not possible to run it as a script.) Tj T* 0 Tw .097882 Tw (Instead, it would be nice to be able to specify the command to execute on the command-line and have the) Tj T* 0 Tw 4.08229 Tw (interpreter start, execute the command and finish properly \(I mean by calling ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (__enter__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and) Tj T* 0 Tw .100574 Tw /F3 10 Tf (__exit__) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\) without needing user input. Then the script could be called from a batch shell script working in) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.26816 Tw (the background. In order to provide such functionality ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac.Interpreter ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (provides a classmethod) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.173318 Tw (named ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (.call ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (which takes the factory, instantiates it with the arguments read from the command line,) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.517045 Tw (wraps the resulting container object as an interpreter and runs it with the rest arguments found in the) Tj T* 0 Tw (command line. Here is the code to turn the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (ShelveInterface ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (into a script) Tj T* ET
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@@ -9876,14 +9901,14 @@ Q
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (and here are a few examples of usage:) Tj T* ET
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@@ -9904,13 +9929,13 @@ Q
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@@ -9930,19 +9955,19 @@ Q
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+1 0 0 1 62.69291 167.4236 cm
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 1.756651 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The factory must have a fixed number of positional arguments \(no default arguments, no varargs, no ) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.87881 Tw (kwargs\), otherwise a ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (TypeError ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is raised: the reason is that we want to be able to distinguish the ) Tj T* 0 Tw .829984 Tw (command-line arguments needed to instantiate the factory from the rest arguments that must be sent to) Tj T* 0 Tw ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 2.609984 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (the corresponding interpreter object. It is also possible to specify a list of arguments different from) Tj T* 0 Tw .513318 Tw /F3 10 Tf (sys.argv[1:] ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\(useful in tests\), the character to be recognized as a comment, the splitting function, the) Tj T* 0 Tw (input source and the prompt to use while in interactive mode, and a verbose flag.) Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 62 Tm 1.756651 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The factory must have a fixed number of positional arguments \(no default arguments, no varargs, no) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.87881 Tw (kwargs\), otherwise a ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (TypeError ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is raised: the reason is that we want to be able to distinguish the) Tj T* 0 Tw .829984 Tw (command-line arguments needed to instantiate the factory from the rest arguments that must be sent to) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.609984 Tw (the corresponding interpreter object. It is also possible to specify a list of arguments different from) Tj T* 0 Tw .513318 Tw /F3 10 Tf (sys.argv[1:] ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\(useful in tests\), the character to be recognized as a comment, the splitting function, the) Tj T* 0 Tw (input source and the prompt to use while in interactive mode, and a verbose flag.) Tj T* ET
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-1 0 0 1 62.69291 699.0236 cm
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 3 Tm 18 TL /F2 15 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Readline support) Tj T* ET
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+1 0 0 1 62.69291 585.0236 cm
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 62 Tm 1.022485 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Starting from release 0.6 ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (plac ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (offers full readline support. That means that if your Python was compiled) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.120697 Tw (with readline support you get autocompletion and persistent command history for free. By default all) Tj T* 0 Tw .144104 Tw (commands are autocomplete in a case sensitive way. If you want to add new words to the autocompletion) Tj T* 0 Tw .116488 Tw (set, or you want to change the location of the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (.history ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (file, or to change the case sensitivity, the way to) Tj T* 0 Tw .18436 Tw (go is to pass a ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac.ReadlineInput ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (object to the interpreter. Here is an example, assuming you want) Tj T* 0 Tw (to build a database interface understanding SQL commands:) Tj T* ET
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@@ -10049,15 +10068,9 @@ Q
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-q
-BT 1 0 0 1 0 62 Tm 1.951318 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (You can check that entering just ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (sel ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and pressing TAB the readline library completes the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (SELECT) Tj T* 0 Tw .797356 Tw /F1 10 Tf (keyword for you and makes it upper case; idem for ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (FROM) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (INNER) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (JOIN ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and even for the names of the) Tj T* 0 Tw .256235 Tw (tables. An obvious improvement is to read the names of the tables by introspecting the database: actually) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.616654 Tw (you can even read the names of the views and of the columns, and have full autocompletion. All the) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.047251 Tw (entered commands and recorded and saved in the file ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (~/.sql_interface.history ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (when exiting) Tj T* 0 Tw (from the command-line interface.) Tj T* ET
-Q
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 2.010574 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (If the readline library is not available, my suggestion is to use the ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (rlwrap ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (tool which provides similar ) Tj T* 0 Tw .22561 Tw (features, at least on Unix-like platforms. ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (plac ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (should also work fine on Windows with the ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (pyreadline ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (library) Tj T* 0 Tw ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 50 Tm 1.951318 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (You can check that entering just ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (sel ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and pressing TAB the readline library completes the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (SELECT ) Tj T* 0 Tw .797356 Tw /F1 10 Tf (keyword for you and makes it upper case; idem for ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (FROM) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (INNER) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (JOIN ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and even for the names of the ) Tj T* 0 Tw .256235 Tw (tables. An obvious improvement is to read the names of the tables by introspecting the database: actually ) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.616654 Tw (you can even read the names of the views and of the columns, and have full autocompletion. All the ) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.047251 Tw (entered commands and recorded and saved in the file ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (~/.sql_interface.history ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (when exiting) Tj T* 0 Tw ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm .389989 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\(I do not use Windows, so this part is very little tested: I tried it only once and it worked, but your mileage) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.206457 Tw (may vary\). For people worried about licenses, I will notice that ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (plac ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (uses the readline library only if) Tj T* 0 Tw .591894 Tw (available, it does not include it and it does not rely on it in any fundamental way, so that the ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (plac ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (licence) Tj T* 0 Tw (does not need to be the GPL \(actually it is a BSD do-whatever-you-want-with-it licence\).) Tj T* ET
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+BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (from the command-line interface.) Tj T* ET
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+BT 1 0 0 1 0 62 Tm 2.010574 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (If the readline library is not available, my suggestion is to use the ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (rlwrap ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (tool which provides similar) Tj T* 0 Tw .22561 Tw (features, at least on Unix-like platforms. ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (plac ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (should also work fine on Windows with the ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (pyreadline ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (library) Tj T* 0 Tw .389989 Tw (\(I do not use Windows, so this part is very little tested: I tried it only once and it worked, but your mileage) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.206457 Tw (may vary\). For people worried about licenses, I will notice that ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (plac ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (uses the readline library only if) Tj T* 0 Tw .591894 Tw (available, it does not include it and it does not rely on it in any fundamental way, so that the ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (plac ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (licence) Tj T* 0 Tw (does not need to be the GPL \(actually it is a BSD do-whatever-you-want-with-it licence\).) Tj T* ET
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm .187882 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The interactive mode of ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (can be used as a replacement of the ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (cmd ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (module in the standard library. It) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.730651 Tw (is actually better than ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (cmd) Tj 0 0 0 rg (: for instance, the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (.help ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (command is more powerful, since it provides) Tj T* 0 Tw (information about the arguments accepted by the given command:) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 50 Tm 1.531318 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The distribution of ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (plac ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (includes a runner script named ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac_runner.py) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, which will be installed in a) Tj T* 0 Tw .44748 Tw (suitable directory in your system by ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (distutils ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(say in ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (\\usr\\local\\bin\\plac_runner.py ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (in a Unix-like) Tj T* 0 Tw .680651 Tw (operative system\). The runner provides many facilities to run ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (.plac ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (scripts and ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (.placet ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (files, as well) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.47311 Tw (as Python modules containg a ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (main ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (object, which can be a function, a command container object or) Tj T* 0 Tw (even a command container class.) Tj T* ET
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+BT 1 0 0 1 0 50 Tm 1.531318 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The distribution of ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (plac ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (includes a runner script named ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac_runner.py) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, which will be installed in a) Tj T* 0 Tw .44748 Tw (suitable directory in your system by ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (distutils ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(say in ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (\\usr\\local\\bin\\plac_runner.py ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (in a Unix-like) Tj T* 0 Tw .680651 Tw (operative system\). The runner provides many facilities to run ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (.plac ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (scripts and ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (.placet ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (files, as well) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.47311 Tw (as Python modules containg a ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (main ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (object, which can be a function, a command container object or) Tj T* 0 Tw (even a command container class.) Tj T* ET
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+BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 1.994269 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (For instance, suppose you want to execute a script containing commands defined in the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (ishelve2) Tj T* 0 Tw /F1 10 Tf (module like the following one:) Tj T* ET
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@@ -10399,23 +10419,23 @@ Q
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL .327485 Tw (In particular, a Python module is a perfect container of commands. As an example, consider the following) Tj T* 0 Tw (module implementing a fake Version Control System:) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 158 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL ("A Fake Version Control System") Tj T*  T* (import plac) Tj T*  T* (commands = 'checkout', 'commit', 'status') Tj T*  T* (@plac.annotations\(url='url of the source code'\)) Tj T* (def checkout\(url\):) Tj T* (    "A fake checkout command") Tj T* (    return \('checkout ', url\)) Tj T*  T* (@plac.annotations\(message=\('commit message', 'option'\)\)) Tj T* (def commit\(message\):) Tj T* (    "A fake commit command") Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL ("A Fake Version Control System") Tj T*  T* (import plac) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 182 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL (    return \('commit ', message\)) Tj T*  T* (@plac.annotations\(quiet=\('summary information', 'flag', 'q'\)\)) Tj T* (def status\(quiet\):) Tj T* (    "A fake status command") Tj T* (    return \('status ', quiet\)) Tj T*  T* (def __missing__\(name\):) Tj T* (    return 'Command %r does not exist' % name) Tj T*  T* (def __exit__\(etype, exc, tb\):) Tj T* (    "Will be called automatically at the end of the call/cmdloop") Tj T* (    if etype in \(None, GeneratorExit\): # success) Tj T* (        print\('ok'\)) Tj T*  T* (main = __import__\(__name__\) # the module imports itself!) Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 314 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL  T* (commands = 'checkout', 'commit', 'status') Tj T*  T* (@plac.annotations\(url='url of the source code'\)) Tj T* (def checkout\(url\):) Tj T* (    "A fake checkout command") Tj T* (    return \('checkout ', url\)) Tj T*  T* (@plac.annotations\(message=\('commit message', 'option'\)\)) Tj T* (def commit\(message\):) Tj T* (    "A fake commit command") Tj T* (    return \('commit ', message\)) Tj T*  T* (@plac.annotations\(quiet=\('summary information', 'flag', 'q'\)\)) Tj T* (def status\(quiet\):) Tj T* (    "A fake status command") Tj T* (    return \('status ', quiet\)) Tj T*  T* (def __missing__\(name\):) Tj T* (    return 'Command %r does not exist' % name) Tj T*  T* (def __exit__\(etype, exc, tb\):) Tj T* (    "Will be called automatically at the end of the call/cmdloop") Tj T* (    if etype in \(None, GeneratorExit\): # success) Tj T* (        print\('ok'\)) Tj T*  T* (main = __import__\(__name__\) # the module imports itself!) Tj T* ET
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm .431318 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Notice that I have defined both an ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (__exit__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (hook and a ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (__missing__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (hook, invoked for non-existing) Tj T* 0 Tw .592651 Tw (commands. The real trick here is the line ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (main = __import__\(__name__\)) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, which define ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (main ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (to be) Tj T* 0 Tw (an alias for the current module.) Tj T* ET
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 1.259986 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (vcs ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module does not contain an ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (if __name__ == '__main__' ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (block, but you can still run it) Tj T* 0 Tw (through the plac runner \(try ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac vcs.py -h) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\):) Tj T* ET
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 .5 w
 .960784 .960784 .862745 rg
-n -6 -6 468.6898 108 re B*
+n -6 -6 468.6898 60 re B*
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 86 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL ($ plac vcs.py status -h) Tj T* (usage: vcs.py status [-h] [-q]) Tj T*  T* (A fake status command) Tj T*  T* (optional arguments:) Tj T* (  -h, --help   show this help message and exit) Tj T* (  -q, --quiet  summary information) Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm /F3 10 Tf 12 TL ($ plac vcs.py status -h) Tj T* (usage: vcs.py status [-h] [-q]) Tj T*  T* (A fake status command) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 2.064985 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Notice how the docstring of the command is automatically shown in usage message, as well as the) Tj T* 0 Tw (documentation for the sub flag ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (-q) Tj /F1 10 Tf (.) Tj T* ET
+0 0 0 rg
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 235.3849 0 Td (32) Tj T* -235.3849 0 Td ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Here is an example of a non-interactive session:) Tj T* ET
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 554 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (from __future__ import with_statement) Tj T* (from random import random) Tj T* (import multiprocessing) Tj T* (import plac) Tj T*  T* (class PiCalculator\(object\):) Tj T* (    """Compute pi in parallel with threads or processes""") Tj T* (    ) Tj T* (    @plac.annotations\() Tj T* (        npoints=\('number of integration points', 'positional', None, int\),) Tj T* (        mode=\('sequential|parallel|threaded', 'option', 'm', str, 'SPT'\)\)) Tj T* (    def __init__\(self, npoints, mode='S'\):) Tj T* (        self.npoints = npoints) Tj T* (        if mode == 'P':) Tj T* (            self.mpcommands = ['calc_pi']) Tj T* (        elif mode == 'T':) Tj T* (            self.thcommands = ['calc_pi']) Tj T* (        elif mode == 'S':) Tj T* (            self.commands = ['calc_pi']) Tj T* (        self.n_cpu = multiprocessing.cpu_count\(\)) Tj T* (    ) Tj T* (    def submit_tasks\(self\):) Tj T* (        self.i = plac.Interpreter\(self\).__enter__\(\)            ) Tj T* (        return [self.i.submit\('calc_pi %d' % \(self.npoints / self.n_cpu\)\)) Tj T* (                for _ in range\(self.n_cpu\)]) Tj T*  T* (    def close\(self\):) Tj T* (        self.i.close\(\)) Tj T*  T* (    @plac.annotations\() Tj T* (        npoints=\('npoints', 'positional', None, int\)\)) Tj T* (    def calc_pi\(self, npoints\):) Tj T* (        counts = 0) Tj T* (        for j in xrange\(npoints\):) Tj T* (            n, r = divmod\(j, 1000000\)) Tj T* (            if r == 0:) Tj T* (                yield '%dM iterations' % n) Tj T* (            x, y = random\(\), random\(\)) Tj T* (            if x*x + y*y ) Tj (<) Tj ( 1:) Tj T* (                counts += 1) Tj T* (        yield \(4.0 * counts\)/npoints) Tj T*  T* (    def run\(self\):) Tj T* (        tasks = self.i.tasks\(\)) Tj T* (        for t in tasks:) Tj T* (            t.run\(\)) Tj T* (        try:) Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 446 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (from __future__ import with_statement) Tj T* (from random import random) Tj T* (import multiprocessing) Tj T* (import plac) Tj T*  T* (class PiCalculator\(object\):) Tj T* (    """Compute pi in parallel with threads or processes""") Tj T* (    ) Tj T* (    @plac.annotations\() Tj T* (        npoints=\('number of integration points', 'positional', None, int\),) Tj T* (        mode=\('sequential|parallel|threaded', 'option', 'm', str, 'SPT'\)\)) Tj T* (    def __init__\(self, npoints, mode='S'\):) Tj T* (        self.npoints = npoints) Tj T* (        if mode == 'P':) Tj T* (            self.mpcommands = ['calc_pi']) Tj T* (        elif mode == 'T':) Tj T* (            self.thcommands = ['calc_pi']) Tj T* (        elif mode == 'S':) Tj T* (            self.commands = ['calc_pi']) Tj T* (        self.n_cpu = multiprocessing.cpu_count\(\)) Tj T* (    ) Tj T* (    def submit_tasks\(self\):) Tj T* (        self.i = plac.Interpreter\(self\).__enter__\(\)            ) Tj T* (        return [self.i.submit\('calc_pi %d' % \(self.npoints / self.n_cpu\)\)) Tj T* (                for _ in range\(self.n_cpu\)]) Tj T*  T* (    def close\(self\):) Tj T* (        self.i.close\(\)) Tj T*  T* (    @plac.annotations\() Tj T* (        npoints=\('npoints', 'positional', None, int\)\)) Tj T* (    def calc_pi\(self, npoints\):) Tj T* (        counts = 0) Tj T* (        for j in xrange\(npoints\):) Tj T* (            n, r = divmod\(j, 1000000\)) Tj T* (            if r == 0:) Tj T* (                yield '%dM iterations' % n) Tj T* (            x, y = random\(\), random\(\)) Tj T* ET
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 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm  BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET
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+1 0 0 1 62.69291 451.8236 cm
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@@ -11739,30 +11740,30 @@ q
 .662745 .662745 .662745 RG
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-n -6 -6 468.6898 204 re B*
+n -6 -6 468.6898 312 re B*
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-BT 1 0 0 1 0 182 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (            total = 0) Tj T* (            for task in tasks:) Tj T* (                total += task.result) Tj T* (        except: # the task was killed) Tj T* (            print tasks) Tj T* (            return) Tj T* (        return total / self.n_cpu) Tj T*  T* (if __name__ == '__main__':) Tj T* (    pc = plac.call\(PiCalculator\)) Tj T* (    pc.submit_tasks\(\)) Tj T* (    try:) Tj T* (        import time; t0 = time.time\(\)) Tj T* (        print '%f in %f seconds ' % \(pc.run\(\), time.time\(\) - t0\)) Tj T* (    finally:) Tj T* (        pc.close\(\)) Tj T* ET
+BT 1 0 0 1 0 290 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (            if x*x + y*y ) Tj (<) Tj ( 1:) Tj T* (                counts += 1) Tj T* (        yield \(4.0 * counts\)/npoints) Tj T*  T* (    def run\(self\):) Tj T* (        tasks = self.i.tasks\(\)) Tj T* (        for t in tasks:) Tj T* (            t.run\(\)) Tj T* (        try:) Tj T* (            total = 0) Tj T* (            for task in tasks:) Tj T* (                total += task.result) Tj T* (        except: # the task was killed) Tj T* (            print tasks) Tj T* (            return) Tj T* (        return total / self.n_cpu) Tj T*  T* (if __name__ == '__main__':) Tj T* (    pc = plac.call\(PiCalculator\)) Tj T* (    pc.submit_tasks\(\)) Tj T* (    try:) Tj T* (        import time; t0 = time.time\(\)) Tj T* (        print '%f in %f seconds ' % \(pc.run\(\), time.time\(\) - t0\)) Tj T* (    finally:) Tj T* (        pc.close\(\)) Tj T* ET
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-1 0 0 1 62.69291 479.8236 cm
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 62 Tm .381797 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Notice the ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (submit_tasks ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (method, which instantiates and initializes a ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (plac.Interpreter ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (object and) Tj T* 0 Tw 3.38152 Tw (submits a number of commands corresponding to the number of available CPUs. The ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (calc_pi) Tj T* 0 Tw 3.796651 Tw /F1 10 Tf (command yield a log message every million of interactions, just to monitor the progress of the) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.751318 Tw (computation. The ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (run ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (method starts all the submitted commands in parallel and sums the results. It) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.17104 Tw (returns the average value of ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (pi ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (after the slowest CPU has finished its job \(if the CPUs are equal and) Tj T* 0 Tw (equally busy they should finish more or less at the same time\).) Tj T* ET
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-1 0 0 1 62.69291 461.8236 cm
+1 0 0 1 62.69291 353.8236 cm
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 0 0 0 rg
 BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Here are the results on my old Macbook with Ubuntu 10.04 and Python 2.6, for 10 million of iterations:) Tj T* ET
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-1 0 0 1 62.69291 368.6236 cm
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@@ -11783,20 +11784,20 @@ Q
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 1.711751 Tw (As you see using processes one gets a 2x speedup indeed, where the threaded mode is some 20%) Tj T* 0 Tw (slower than the sequential mode.) Tj T* ET
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-1 0 0 1 62.69291 270.6236 cm
+1 0 0 1 62.69291 162.6236 cm
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 BT 1 0 0 1 0 50 Tm .167765 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Since the pattern submit a bunch of tasks, starts them and collect the results is so common, ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (plac ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (provides) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.487251 Tw (an utility function ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (runp\(genseq, mode='p', monitors=\(\), start=True\) ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (to start a bunch a) Tj T* 0 Tw .598876 Tw (generators and return a list of task objects. By default ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (runp ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (use processes, but you can use threads by) Tj T* 0 Tw .225542 Tw (passing ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (mode='t') Tj /F1 10 Tf (. If you do not wont to start the tasks, you can say so \() Tj /F3 10 Tf (start=False) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\). With ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (runp ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (the) Tj T* 0 Tw (parallel pi calculation becomes a one-liner:) Tj T* ET
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@@ -11817,7 +11818,7 @@ Q
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diff --git a/plac/doc/plac_core.txt b/plac/doc/plac_core.txt
index 6012198..db90ec8 100644
--- a/plac/doc/plac_core.txt
+++ b/plac/doc/plac_core.txt
@@ -88,10 +88,7 @@ the boilerplate from nine lines to six lines:
 .. include:: example2.py
    :literal:
 
-However saving three lines does not justify introducing the external
-dependency: most people will not switch to Python 2.7, which at the time of
-this writing is just about to be released, for many years. 
-Moreover, it just feels too complex to instantiate a class and to
+However, it just feels too complex to instantiate a class and to
 define a parser by hand for such a trivial task.
 
 The plac_ module is designed to manage well such use cases, and it is able
@@ -139,6 +136,8 @@ the usage message for free:
 .. include:: example5.help
    :literal:
 
+Notice that by default plac_ prints the string representation
+of the default values (with square brackets) in the usage message.
 plac_ manages transparently even the case when you want to pass a
 variable number of arguments. Here is an example, a script running
 on a database a series of SQL scripts:
@@ -156,7 +155,7 @@ the command-line arguments parser to use from the signature of the main
 function*. This is the whole idea behind plac_: if the intent is clear,
 let's the machine take care of the details.
 
-plac_ is inspired to an old Python Cookbook recipe (optionparse_), in
+plac_ is inspired to an old Python Cookbook recipe of mine (optionparse_), in
 the sense that it delivers the programmer from the burden of writing
 the parser, but is less of a hack: instead of extracting the parser
 from the docstring of the module, it extracts it from the signature of
diff --git a/plac/doc/test_plac.py b/plac/doc/test_plac.py
index dda456b..5414bf1 100644
--- a/plac/doc/test_plac.py
+++ b/plac/doc/test_plac.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 The tests are runnable with nose, with py.test, or even as standalone script
 """
 
-import os, sys, doctest, subprocess
+import os, sys, datetime, doctest, subprocess
 import plac
 
 sys_argv0 = sys.argv[0]
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ os.chdir(os.path.dirname(__file__) or '.') # work in the current directory
 
 ######################## helpers #######################
 
+def fix_today(text):
+    return text.replace('YYYY-MM-DD', str(datetime.date.today()))
+
 def expect(errclass, func, *args, **kw):
     try:
         func(*args, **kw)
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ def check_help(name):
             else:  # not expected for Python 3.X
                 raise
         p = plac.parser_from(main)
-        expected = open(name + '.help').read().strip()
+        expected = fix_today(open(name + '.help').read()).strip()
         got = p.format_help().strip()
         assert got == expected, got
     finally:
diff --git a/plac/plac.py b/plac/plac.py
index 091550f..979a5ed 100644
--- a/plac/plac.py
+++ b/plac/plac.py
@@ -27,12 +27,13 @@
 See doc/plac.pdf, doc/plac_adv.pdf for the documentation.
 """
 
-__version__ = '0.8.1'
+__version__ = '0.8.2'
 
 from plac_core import *
 
 if sys.version >= '2.5':
-    from plac_ext import Interpreter, import_main, ReadlineInput, stdout, runp, Monitor
+    from plac_ext import (Interpreter, import_main, ReadlineInput, 
+                          stdout, runp, Monitor)
     try:
         from plac_tk import TkMonitor
     except ImportError:
diff --git a/plac/plac_core.py b/plac/plac_core.py
index ec4a562..0e12aff 100644
--- a/plac/plac_core.py
+++ b/plac/plac_core.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def is_annotation(obj):
             and hasattr(obj, 'choices') and hasattr(obj, 'metavar'))
 
 class Annotation(object):
-    def __init__(self, help="", kind="positional", abbrev=None, type=None,
+    def __init__(self, help=None, kind="positional", abbrev=None, type=None,
                  choices=None, metavar=None):
         assert kind in ('positional', 'option', 'flag'), kind
         if kind == "positional":
@@ -245,6 +245,8 @@ class ArgumentParser(argparse.ArgumentParser):
                 dflt = None
             else:
                 dflt = default
+                if a.help is None:
+                    a.help = '[%s]' % dflt
             if a.kind in ('option', 'flag'):
                 if a.abbrev:
                     shortlong = (prefix + a.abbrev, prefix*2 + name)
author	Michele Simionato <michele.simionato@gmail.com>	2011-05-29 09:24:21 +0200
committer	Michele Simionato <michele.simionato@gmail.com>	2011-05-29 09:24:21 +0200
commit	21a24c746c4bd1f1cddf1de5f3317cf459b75fdb (patch)
tree	b839bc6ca1738995592620f82174b9572479f8ca
parent	94f7d4f910e33afbff9fed2598daba7fc587d50a (diff)
download	micheles-21a24c746c4bd1f1cddf1de5f3317cf459b75fdb.tar.gz